Teaching English Language Learners K?12 by Jesness, Jerry -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Foreword by Rosalie Pedalino Porter Preface Acknowledgments About the Author 1. The Joys and Challenges of Teaching English as a Second Language

The Joys of Teaching ESL The Challenges of Teaching ESL

2. Your Students

ESL, ELL, LEP, and Other Acronyms Placement in Bilingual and ESL Programs SEP Students (Someone Else’s Problem) Inclusion and Support in Regular Classrooms

3. Your Toolbox

Materials and Equipment Paying for Your Tools Getting Help From Volunteers Getting Advice and Help From School Personnel

4. How Much? How Soon? How Fast?

BICS and CALP Pie-in-the-Sky Goals Is One Year Enough? When Should Students Exit to Regular Classes? Steep Hills and Frustrating Plateaus Motivation Inside and Outside of Class Working With Younger Students

5. Using the Learner’s Native Language in the Classroom 18

Don’t Force Them to Go Mute What Works Best in the Students’ Native Language Consider the Language and the Culture of the Community Use Time Limits Working With Younger Students

6. Natural and Unnatural Approaches to Learning English

The Natural Approach: Learning English by Hearing and Speaking It Applying First Language Skills to Second Language Learning Balancing Experiential and Analytical Approaches Using Total Physical Response (TPR) Language in the Foreground and the Background Winning Over the Skeptics in Your School Working With Younger Students

7. Building Vocabulary: They’ll Need Lots

Enjoying the Path to a Large Vocabulary Learning From the Movies Teaching Vocabulary With Picture Dictionaries Using Vocabulary From the Native Language Building Vocabulary With Word Blocks Idioms and Other Confusing Expressions Look It Up! Learning English With Dictionaries Electronic Dictionaries Those Boring Vocabulary Lists Layered Vocabulary Learning Working With Younger Students

8. Grammar: The Skeletal System of the Language

Me Very Grammar When to Start Grammar Lessons English Grammar Isn’t as Tough as We Think Freebies: When English Grammar Matches the Learner’s Native Language The Garden Path to English Grammar Pronoun Cases Implicit and Explicit Grammar Instruction Pattern Practice Makes Perfect: Well, Not Really, But It Works Grammar in Action: Questions, Answers, Jokes, and Conversation Tag, You’re It: Converting Statements Into Tag Questions Working With Younger Students

9. Listening Skills: The Gateway to Language

Learning With a Tape Recorder or CD Player Learning With Software: The Rosetta Stone, Instant Immersion, and Other Programs The Great ESL Film Festival Dictation Encouraging Listening as a Stand-Alone Skill Teaching With Minimal Pairs: Bit, Bet, Bait, Beet, Bite Working With Younger Students

10. Now Say It: Teaching Spoken English

The Direct Method Controlled Conversation Role Playing Student-to-Student Teaching Recitals Using Media and the Language Laboratory Teaching Pronunciation Using the International Phonetic Alphabet Error Correction: When and How Often Let Your Students Correct You, Too Speaking Practice Outside of Class Working With Younger Students

11. English in Black and White: Teaching Reading

When Students Are Struggling Readers in Their Native Language Quick-Start Phonics for English Learners The Constant Consonants Those Tricky Vowels Decoding Skills and Background Knowledge Working With Younger Students

12. Writing It Right

Getting Started Writing Begins With Spelling Gadgets and Media Again The Vanishing Word Technique Picture and Word Cards Punctuation and Capitalization Dictation In Their Own Words Working With Younger Students

13. How We Know What the Students Know: Grading and Testing

Grading in Mixed-Ability Classrooms Individualized Education Plans Multitrack Grading: Same Class, Different Goals No, You Aren’t Cheating: What Counts for General Learners and College-Prep Learners Testing, Testing Self-Assessment: Giving Students Their Own Checklists Preparing Students for Standardized Tests (Please Don’t) Working With Younger Students

14. Teaching English Learners With Special Needs

Identifying Students With Special Needs Prior Education, Semilingualism, and Learning Disabilities What Does Special Education Offer Your Students? When They Need a Special Education Referral but Haven’t Gotten One Determining the Appropriate Program Working With Younger Students

15. English Learners in Content Classes

English Throughout the Curriculum Sheltered English Content Classes Content Objectives and Language Objectives A Sample Sheltered Science/Vocabulary Lesson Using Sheltered English to Teach and Practice Grammar When Are Students Ready to Wade Into the Mainstream? The Power of Prior Knowledge The Power of Incidental Learning Reasonable and Unreasonable Modifications in the Inclusive Classroom The F Word (Failure) The Bright Side: Enriched Class Discussions Out-of-Class Support for English Learners in Regular Content Classes

16. Helping Everyone Else Understand Your Students

Attitudes Make the Difference: Racism and Xenophobia I’m Here, So Shut the Door Already Exposing Other Students to Your Students’ Culture Avoiding Trivial Pursuit and Superficial Multiculturalism Illuminating With Literary Classics From Other Traditions Living Social Studies Graphic Art and Music Mutual Tutoring and Dual Immersion

17. Preparing Yourself to Be a Better ESL Teacher

Catching Up and Keeping Up With Advances in the Field Acquainting Yourself With Your Students’ Culture Trying on Your Students’ Shoes And If You Teach in the Tower of Babel . . .

Appendix 1: Vocabulary Lists

Numbers 1–10 Shapes Numbers 11–20 People and Things Numbers by Tens to 100 Colors All Numbers to 100 U. S. Currency Time Days Months Alphabet A–H Alphabet I–P Alphabet Q–Z Classroom Nouns Classroom Verbs Large Numbers: Hundreds and Thousands Arithmetic I: Addition and Subtraction Arithmetic II: Multiplication and Division School Supplies Computer Nouns Computer Verbs Human Body/Possessive Nouns Family Home Nouns Home Verbs Park and Playground Pets and Pet Accessories Farm Animals Wild Animals World Geography: Continents and Countries U.S. Geography: Oceans, Rivers, Mountain Ranges, Borders Ordinal Numbers City Geography: Streets, Avenues, Buildings, Directions, Travel Fruits and Vegetables Meat and Seafood Bakery Products Dairy Products Women’s Clothing Men’s Clothing Expressing Emotions Baseball Possessive Pronouns Prepositions and Their Objects

Appendix 2: Recommended Sources Recommended Reading Recommended Web Sites Recommended Periodicals Index