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Index
Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
1. Introduction
Research Problems and Variables
Research Hypotheses and Research Questions
A Sample Research Problem: The Modified High School and Beyond (HSB) Study
Research Questions for the Modified HSB Study
Frequency Distributions
Levels of Measurement
Descriptive Statistics
Conclusions About Measurement and the Use of Statistics
The Normal Curve
Interpretation Questions
2. Data Coding and Exploratory Analysis (EDA)
Rules for Data Coding
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
Statistical Assumptions
Checking for Errors and Assumptions With Ordinal and Scale Variables
Problem 2.1: Descriptive Statistics for Ordinal and Scale Variables
Problem 2.2: Boxplots for Ordinal and Scale Variables
Problem 2.3: Boxplots Split by a Dichotomous Variable
Problem 2.4: Using Tables for EDA with Dichotomous Variables
Problem 2.5: Using Frequency Tables
Problem 2.6: Bar Charts
Problem 2.7: Histograms and Frequency Polygons
Problem 2.8: Matrix Scatterplots
Problem 2.9: Transforming Variables
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
3. Several Measures of Reliability
Problem 3.1: Cronbach's Alpha for the Motivation Scale
Problems 3.2 and 3.3: Cronbach's Alpha for the Competence and Pleasure Scales
Problem 3.4: Test-Retest Reliability Using Correlation
Problem 3.5: Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC)
Problem 3.6: Cohen's Kappa With Nominal Data
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
4. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis
Problem 4.1: Factor Analysis on Math Attitude Variables
Problem 4.2: Principal Components Analysis on Achievement Variables
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
5. Selecting and Interpreting Inferential Statistics
Selection of Inferential Statistics
The General Linear Model
Interpreting the Results of a Statistical Test
A Review of How to Select and Interpret Basic Inferential Statistics
Review of Writing About Your Outputs
Interpretation Questions
6. Multiple Regression
Problem 6.1: Using the Simultaneous Method to Compute Multiple Regression
Problem 6.2: Simultaneous Regression Correcting Multicollinearity
Problem 6.3: Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression
Problem 6.4: Forward Multiple Linear Regression
Problem 6.5: Backward Elimination Multiple Linear Regression
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
7. Mediation, Moderation, and Canonical Correlation
Mediation
Moderation
Canonical Correlation
Problem 7.1: Computing Statistical Mediation
Problem 7.2: Moderation
Problem 7.3: Moderation: Graphing the Slopes
Problem 7.4: Canonical Correlation
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
8. Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analysis
Problem 8.1: Logistic Regression
Problem 8.2: Hierarchical Logistic Regression
Problem 8.3: Discriminant Analysis
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
9. Factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA
Problem 9.1: Factorial (Two-Way) ANOVA
Problem 9.2: Post Hoc Analyses of a Significant Interaction
Problem 9.3: Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA)
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
10. Repeated-Measures and Mixed ANOVAs
The Product Data Set
Problem 10.1: Repeated-Measures ANOVA
Problem 10.2: The Friedman Nonparametric Test for Several Related Samples
Problem 10.3: Mixed ANOVA
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
11. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
Problem 11.1: GLM Single-Factor Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Problem 11.2: GLM Two-Factor Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Problem 11.3: Mixed MANOVA
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
12. Multilevel Linear Modeling/Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Problem 12.1: Unconditional Level 1 Repeated-Measures Model
Problem 12.2: Repeated Measures with Level 2 Predictor
Problem 12.3: Unconditional Individuals-Nested-in-Schools Model
Problem 12.4: Conditional Individuals-Nested-in-Schools Model with Level 1 Covariate
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
13. Missing Data and Multiple Imputation
Randomness of Missing Data
Problem 13.1: Patterns of the Missing Data
Problem 13.2: Restructuring and Imputing the Data
Problem 13.3: Mixed Models Analysis after Imputed Data
Interpretation Questions
Extra SPSS Problems
A. Getting Started With SPSS and Other Useful Procedures
B. Review of Basic Statistics
C. Writing Research Problems and Questions
D. Answers to Odd Interpretation Questions
For Further Reading
Index
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