Global Internet Law in a Nutshell by Rustad, Michael -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Preface Acknowledgments (Third Edition) OUTLINE Table of Cases Table of Statutes Table of Authorities Chapter 1. Overview of the Global Internet

§ 1-1. The History & Technologies of the Internet

(A) History of the World Wide Web (B) NSFNET

§ 1-2. Internet Technologies Demystified

(A) Hubs or IXPs (B) Bridges (C) Gateways (D) Routers (E) Repeaters (F) Cable Modems (G) Bandwidth (H) DSL (I) Search Engines (J) Mobile Devices & Applications

§ 1-3. Web 1.0, 2.0 & 3.0

(A) The Asynchronous Internet (B) The Synchronous Internet (C) Web 3.0’s Ontology

§ 1-4. Setting Standards Through Voluntary Organizations

(A) Open Systems Initiative (B) Internet Engineering Task Force (C) ISOC

§ 1-5. The Future of the Internet

Chapter 2. Perspectives on Global Internet Governance

§ 2-1. Overview of Cyberlaw

(A) Against Internet Law (B) Defense of Internet Law

§ 2-2. Self-Governing or Libertarian Governance

(A) Libertarian Manifesto (B) Decentralized Governance

§ 2-3. Transnational Governance

(A) Co-Regulation of the Internet (B) Un-Anchored WGIG Models

(1) Global Internet Council (2) No Specific Oversight (3) International Internet Council (4) Mixed Model

§ 2-4. Law, Code, Markets, & Norms

(A) Internet-Related Law (B) Code as Internet Law (C) Norms as Internet Law (D) Markets as Internet Law (E) The Generative Internet

§ 2-5. Why National Regulation Still Matters

(A) Local Governance (B) National Regulation

§ 2-6. The Wealth of Networks

(A) Economics-Based Governance (B) Copyright Commons

Chapter 3. Global Internet Jurisdiction

§ 3-1. International Shoe in Cyberspace: An Overview

(A) Long-Arm Statutes (B) General Personal Jurisdiction (C) Specific Jurisdiction (D) Zippo.com Interactivity Test

(1) Zippo.com Sliding Scale (2) Passive Jurisdiction (3) Gray Zone or Middle Ground

(E) The Effects Test (F) “Something More” Test

(1) GTE New Media Services (2) ALS Scan

(G) In Rem Jurisdiction

§ 3-2. Cross-Border Jurisdiction

(A) Brussels Regulation (B) Foreign Jurisdiction

(1) Defendant’s Domicile (2) Where Defendants May Be Sued (3) Special Jurisdictional Rules (4) Extraterritorial Impact

Chapter 4. Internet-Related Contract Law

§ 4-1. Licensing & the Internet

(A) Definition of Licensing (B) Granting Clause (C) First Sale Doctrine (D) Mass-Market Licenses (E) Types of Mass-Market Licenses

(1) Shrinkwrap Agreements (2) Clickwrap Agreement (3) Browsewrap (4) Scrollwrap & Sign-in-Wrap

(F) Enforceability Issues (G) Rolling Contracts

(1) ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg: A Game-Changer (2) Hill v. Gateway 2000, Inc.

§ 4-2. Uniform Electronic Transactions Act § 4-3. The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act § 4-4. Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA)

(A) Statutory Purpose

§ 4-5. Principles of the Law of Software Contracts

(A) Sphere of Application (B) Preliminary Concerns (C) Formation

(1) Liberal Formation Rules (2) Battle of the Forms Provision (3) Formation Safe Harbors (4) Parol Evidence Rule (5) Contract Modification (6) General Principles of Integration

(D) Software Contracting Warranties

(1) Express Warranties (2) Implied Warranty of Merchantability (3) Systems Integration & Fitness Warranties (4) Non-Infringement Warranties (5) Nondisclaimable Warranty for Hidden Defects

(E) Software Performance Standards

(1) Breach and Material Breach (2) Material Breach (3) Right to Cure (4) Cancellation

(F) Remedies for Breach

(1) Expectation Interest (2) Use of Automated Disablement of Software (3) Liquidated Damages (4) Cancellation & Expectancy Damages (5) Specific Performance (6) Limitations of Remedies (7) Failure of Essential Purpose

§ 4-6. Cloud Computing Service Agreements

(A) Cloud Computing Service Models (B) Terms in Service-Level Agreements

§ 4-7. Cross-Border Contracts

(A) Sources of E-Contract Law (B) UNCITRAL’s Digital Signature

Chapter 5. Consumer Law in Cyberspace

§ 5-1. FTC’s Role in Internet Consumer Law

(A) Fraudulent Trade Practices

(1) Fraudulent Internet Businesses (2) Deceptive Advertising Claims (3) Online Endorsements (4) FTC Mandatory Website Disclosures

(B) Protecting Consumer Privacy (C) Children’s Privacy (D) Regulation of Online Spam

(1) CAN-SPAM (2) Emblematic CAN-SPAM Awards

§ 5-2. Federal Communications Commission

(A) The Communications Act of 1934 (B) Net Neutrality

§ 5-3. Global Consumer Law

Chapter 6. Global Internet Torts

§ 6-1. Overview of Cybertorts

(A) Defining Cybertorts (B) Section 230 of the CDA (C) Distributor Liability (D) Failure to Remove Content (E) Exceptions to CDA Section 230

(1) Website Is Deemed a Content Creator (2) FTC Action & Section 230

§ 6-2. Intentional Cybertorts Against the Person

(A) Tort of Outrage (B) Trespass to Virtual Chattels

(1) Spam E-Mail (2) Bots as Trespassers (3) Spyware as Trespass to Chattels (4) Trespass to Digital Information

(1) Domain Name Conversion (2) Conversion of Websites

(D) Malicious Prosecution (E) Abuse of Process

§ 6-3. Intentional Business Cybertorts

(A) Internet-Related Business Torts

(1) Unfair Competition (2) Misappropriation of Intangible Data (3) Interference with Business Contracts (4) Misappropriation of Trade Secrets

§ 6-4. Intentional Information-Based Torts

(A) Cyberfraud (B) Trade Libel in Cyberspace (C) Individual & Media Prima Facie Case

(1) Libel Per Quod (2) Libel Per Se (3) Publishers & Conduits or Distributors (4) Single Publication Rule (5) State Action (6) John Doe Subpoenas

(D) Defamation Defenses

(1) Public Official (2) General Purpose Public Figure (3) Limited Purpose Public Figure (4) Liability Standard for Private Persons (5) Truth as a Complete Defense (6) Privileges and Qualified Privileges (7) Anti-SLAPP Suit Statutes (8) Retraction Statutes

(E) Privacy Based Cybertorts

(1) Intrusion upon Seclusion (2) Appropriation & Right of Publicity (3) Public Disclosure of Private Fact (4) False Light

§ 6-5. Negligence Based Actions

(A) Internet Related Negligence

(1) Elements of Internet-Related Negligence

(B) Negligent Enablement (C) Negligence Per Se (D) Computer Professional Negligence (E) Negligent Data Brokering

§ 6-6. Strict Liability in Cyberspace

(A) Defective Information (B) Economic Loss Rule

§ 6-7. Transborder Torts

Chapter 7. Internet-Related Privacy

§ 7-1. Online Privacy Issues

(A) Google Privacy Policy (B) Google G-Mail Litigation (C) Google Wallet

§ 7-2. FTC’s Role as Chief Privacy Regulator

(A) FTC Privacy Disclosures (B) FTC Privacy Enforcement (C) COPPA

§ 7-3. Third Party Disclosure of Private Information § 7-4. Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights § 7-5. State Security Breach Notification § 7-6. Global Privacy Issues

(A) Data Protection Directive (B) Google Spain v. AEPD

(1) Procedural History of Google Spain v. AEPD (2) Aftermath of Google Spain v. AEPD

(1) Updating the Data Protection Directive (2) Automatically Applicable Regulation (3) Overview of GDRP (4) Article 17: Right to Be Forgotten (5) Exceptions to the Right to Be Forgotten

(E) Foreign Litigation

Chapter 8. Internet-Related Crimes

§ 8-1. Overview of Cybercrimes

(A) Overview of Computer Crimes

(1) What Computer Crime Includes (2) The Nature of Computer Crime (3) Defining Cybercrimes

§ 8-2. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

(A) Criminal Law Provisions

(1) Obtaining National Security Information (2) Accessing Computer Without Authorization (3) Trespassing in a Government Computer (4) Accessing to Defraud (5) Damaging Computers or Data (6) Trafficking in Passwords (7) Threatening to Harm a Computer

(B) CFAA’s Civil Liability

(1) Cases Recognizing That Violating TOS Constitutes Without Authorization (2) Cases Rejecting View That Violation of TOS Constitutes CFAA Offense

(a) LVRC Holding v. Brekka (b) United States v. Nosal (c) Weingand v. Harland Financial Solutions

§ 8-3. Electronic Communications Privacy Act

(A) Overview of the ECPA (B) ECPA Defenses

§ 8-4. Stored Communications Act

(A) SCA Prima Facie Case (B) SCA Defenses

§ 8-5. Computer Crime Case Law

(A) Featured ECPA Cases

(1) U.S. v. Councilman (2) U.S. v. Riggs (3) Bohach v. City of Reno (4) In re Pharmatrak, Inc. (5) Joffee v. Google

(B) Featured SCA Cases

(1) Konop v. Hawaiian Airlines (2) United States v. Lang (3) SCA and Cell Tower Records

§ 8-6. Other Internet-Related Criminal Statutes

(A) Identity Theft (B) Access Device Fraud (C) Anti-Stalking (D) Federal Threats (E) Sex Trafficking

§ 8-7. International Cybercrime Enforcement

Chapter 9. Content Regulation on the Internet

§ 9-1. Overview of Internet Regulations § 9-2. Indecent Speech & Censorship

(A) Communications Decency Act (B) Child Online Protection Act (C) Children’s Internet Protection Act (D) The Child Pornography Prevention Act (E) The Protect Act of 2003 (F) School Censorship of Internet Content

§ 9-3. Applying the First Amendment in Cyberspace

(A) Dormant or Negative Commerce Clause (B) Content-Specific Regulations (C) Content-Neutral Regulations (D) Facial Attacks on Internet Speech

(1) Vagueness (2) Overbreadth

(E) Categories of Unprotected Speech

§ 9-4. Cyberbullying

(A) Federal Legislative Proposals (B) State Anti-Bullying Legislation

§ 9-5. Adult Entertainment & Pornography § 9-6. Cross-Border Content Regulation

Chapter 10. Copyrights in Cyberspace

§ 10-1. Overview of Copyright Law

(A) What Is Protectable Under Copyright Law (B) Exclusive Rights of Copyright Owners (C) The Path of Copyright Law

§ 10-2. Elements of Copyright Law

(A) Originality (B) Fixation (C) What Is Not Protectable

(1) Idea/Expression (2) Governmental Works (3) Functionality or Utility (4) Public Domain Information (5) Fair Use

(D) Derivative Works (E) Copyright Creation & Registration (F) Work Made for Hire

§ 10-3. Overview of Copyright Infringement

(A) Direct Infringement (B) Secondary Copyright Infringement

(1) Contributory Infringement (2) Vicarious Infringement (3) Inducement

§ 10-4. The Path of Peer-to-Peer File Sharing

(A) Napster (B) Grokster

§ 10-5. Links, Framing, Bookmarks, and Thumbnails

(A) Hyperlinks (B) Framing (C) Bookmarks (D) Thumbnails of Images

§ 10-6. Database Protection § 10-7. Limitations on Exclusive Rights § 10-8. Digital Millennium Copyright Act

(A) Overview of the DMCA (B) Title I’s Provisions

(1) Anti-Circumvention Provisions (2) Anti-Trafficking Provisions

(1) Transitory Network Communications (2) System Caching (3) Storage Exemption

(a) OSP’s Registered Agent for Responding to Complaints (b) Takedown & Put-Back Rules

(4) Information Location Tools

(D) Exemptions & the First Amendment (E) Takedown and Putback Cases (F) DMCA Subpoena to Unveil Anonymous Infringers

§ 10-9. Copyright Issues in the Cloud § 10-10. International Issues

(A) Extraterritoriality (B) SOPA (C) ACTA (D) Moral Rights (E) Extraterritorial Reach (F) European ISPs & No Duty to Monitor (G) Foreign Copyright-Related Cases

(1) Framing (2) Peer-to-Peer Sharing and ISPs (3) Copyrightability of Metatags

(H) Website Blocking & In Rem Injunctions

Chapter 11. Trademarks on the Global Internet

§ 11-1. Overview of Internet-Related Trademark Law

(A) The Distension of Trademarks (B) Federal Trademark Registration (C) State Trademark Law (D) Trademark Applications

(1) Elements of an Application (2) Actual & Intent to Use Applications

(E) The Spectrum of Distinctiveness (F) Trade Name (G) Service Marks (H) Functional Limits of Trademarks (I) What a Domain Name Is

§ 11-2. Website Trade Dress § 11-3. Internet-Related Trademark Claims § 11-4. Internet-Related Trademark Infringement

(A) Direct Infringement (B) Contributory Trademark Infringement (C) Secondary Trademark Infringement

(1) Vicarious Liability (2) Contributory Infringement

§ 11-5. Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006

(A) Basics of Federal Dilution Claims

(1) Dilution by Blurring (2) Dilution by Tarnishment

(B) TDRA Remedies (C) TDRA Defenses

§ 11-6. False Designation of Origin § 11-7. False Endorsement § 11-8. Anticybersquatting Act of 1999

(A) Elements of ACPA Claims (B) ACPA Safe Harbor (C) In Rem Jurisdiction (D) ACPA Remedies

§ 11-9. Keyword Trademark Litigation

(A) The Meaning of Use in Commerce (B) Keywords and Commercial Use

(1) 1-800 Contacts, Inc. v. WhenU.Com, Inc. (2) Rescuecom Corp. v. Google (3) Google Keyword Cases

§ 11-10. Sponsored Banner Advertisements § 11-11. Metatags

(A) Invisible Trademark Violations (B) Initial Interest Confusion

§ 11-12. Trademark Law Defenses

(A) Nominative Fair Use (B) First Amendment in Cyberspace

(1) Gripe Sites (2) Lamparello v. Falwell

§ 11-13. False Advertising § 11-14. Domain Name Hijacking & Reverse Hijacking § 11-15. Uniform Domain Name Resolution Policy

(A) Overview of UDRP Proceedings (B) UDRP Providers (C) How the UDRP Works

(1) Domain Name Registration (2) Liability of the Domain Name Registrars (3) Appealing UDRP Decisions

§ 11-16. Types of UDRP Cases

(A) Incorporating Another’s Trademark (B) Common Law TM Rights of Celebrities (C) Appending Descriptive or Generic Words (D) Anti-Corporate Websites (E) UDRP Typosquatting (F) UDRP Panels v. Domain Name Litigation

§ 11-17. Global Trademark Issues

(A) Global E-Business Concerns

Chapter 12. Trade Secrets in Cyberspace

§ 12-1. What Trade Secrets Are § 12-2. Trade Secrets Governed by State Law

(A) UTSA’s Definition of Secrecy (B) UTSA Misappropriation Action (C) Reasonable Means to Protect Secrets

(1) Nondisclosure Agreements (2) Idea Submission Policies

(D) Uniform Trade Secret Act Remedies (E) Defenses in UTSA Litigation

(1) Reverse Engineering (2) First Amendment Defenses

§ 12-3. Restatement (First) of Torts § 12-4. Internet-Related Misappropriation § 12-5. Trade Secrets in a Global Internet

Chapter 13. Patent Law and the Internet

§ 13-1. Overview of Internet-Related Patents

(A) Why Internet Patents (B) Constitutional and Statutory Basis (C) American Invents Act

(1) First Inventor to File (FITF) (2) Expedited Procedures (3) Other Patent Reforms

(D) Types of Patents

(1) Utility Patents (2) Design Patents

(E) Patent Law Terms (F) Section 101 Patentable Subject Matter (G) The Essentials of Patentability (H) Patentability: Novelty

(1) Anticipation (2) Statutory Bar

(I) Patentability: Nonobviousness (J) Patentability: Utility (K) Patent Invalidity (L) Patent Terms

§ 13-2. Internet Related Patents

(A) Software Patents (B) E-Business Methods (C) Post-State Street Cases

§ 13-3. Internet-Related Patent Litigation

(A) Infringement Lawsuits (B) Markman Hearings (C) E-Business Patent Trolls (D) The Supreme Court’s Patent Cases

(1) MercExchange (2) Bilski v. Kapos

Index

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