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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
List of Illustrations and Tables
Introduction
Part One: History of Taoism
1. Shamanic Origins (3000–800 BCE)
The Legendary Yü
Shamanism in Literate China
Duties of Shamans in Chou Society
The Shamanic Tradition of Southern China
The Legacy of Shamanism in Later Developments of Taoism
Further Readings
2. The Classical Period (700–220 BCE)
The Political and Historical Background of the Spring and Autumn Period
Classical Taoism in the Spring and Autumn Period
The Teachings of the Tao-te ching
The Political and Historical Background of the Warring States Period
Classical Taoism in the Warring States Period
Further Readings
3. The Transformation of Taoism from Philosophy into Organized Religion (20 BCE–600 CE)
The Beginnings of Religious Taoism in the Western Han
Taoism Becomes an Organized Religion
The Golden Age of Taoist Religion
Further Readings
4. The Rise of Mystical Taoism (300–600 CE)
Mysticism and Shang-ch’ing Taoism
The Predecessors of Shang-ch’ing Taoism
Shang-ch’ing Taoism in the Chin Dynasty
Shang-ch’ing Taoism in the Southern Dynasties
The Teachings of Shang-ch’ing Taoism
The Legacy of Shang-ch’ing Taoism
Further Readings
5. The Development of Alchemical Taoism (200–1200 CE)
The Beginnings of Alchemy
The Teachings of the Tsan-tung-chi (The Triplex Unity)
The Teachings of Ko Hung’s P’ao-p’u-tzu (The Sage Who Embraces Simplicity)
The Separation of Internal and External Alchemy
The Height of Development of Internal Alchemy
Further Readings
6. The Synthesis of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (1000 CE–present)
The Philosophical Synthesis
The Religious Synthesis
Variations of the Synthesis and the Rise of Sects in Taoism
A New Synthesis of Confucianism, Zen Buddhism, and Taoist Internal Alchemy
Further Readings
Part Two: Systems of Taoism
7. Magical Taoism: The Way of Power
Basic Beliefs of Magical Taoism
Principal Practices of Magical Taoism
Sects in Magical Taoism
Further Words on Magical Taoism
Further Readings
8. Divinational Taoism: The Way of Seeing
A Brief History of Divinational Taoism
Principal Ideas of Divinational Taoism
Forms of Divination
Celestial Divination: Tzu-wei Tu-su
Terrestrial Divination: Feng-shui
Other Forms of Divination
Further Words on Divinational Taoism
Further Readings
9. Ceremonial Taoism: The Way of Devotion
The Main Features of Ceremonial Taoism
The Taoist Deities
The Administrative Structure of the Taoist Celestial Realm
Taoist Festivals and Ceremonies
Sects in Ceremonial Taoism
Further Words on Ceremonial Taoism
Further Readings
10. Internal-Alchemical Taoism: The Way of Transformation
Basic Ideas of Internal Alchemy
Major Symbols in the Language of Internal Alchemy
Steps in the Alchemical Process
Approaches to Internal Alchemy
Further Words on Internal-Alchemical Taoism
Further Readings
11. Action and Karma Taoism: The Way of Right Action
Historical Predecessors of Action and Karma Taoism
Principal Beliefs in Action and Karma Taoism
The Significance of Action and Karma Taoism in Taoist Spirituality
Further Readings
Part Three: Taoist Practices
12. Meditation
Forms of Taoist Meditation
Further Words on Taoist Meditation
Further Readings
13. Techniques for Cultivating the Body
Techniques of External Strengthening
Techniques of Internal Strengthening
Techniques that Work on Both External and Internal Strengthening
The Use of Herbs and Foods
Further Readings
14. Rites of Purification, Ceremony, and Talismanic Magic
Rites of Purification (Chai)
Ceremony (Chiao)
The Taoist Altar
Talismans
Further Readings
Appendixes
1. The Dynasties of China
2. Map of China
3. Bibliography of Further Readings
Index
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