[Gutenberg 53850] • Design and Tradition / A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts by Fenn, Amor -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

DESIGN AND TRADITION AUTHOR’S PREFACE CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY

Human Limitations “Inspiration” Process and Material Early Training Art and Existence “Natural Taste” Commercial Production “Ornaments” Modern Development Public Apathy Elementary Pattern Early Impressionism Personal Production Early Social Conditions Influence Commercial Intercourse. Effect on Design Ethical Side of Art Desire for Novelty

CHAPTER II HISTORIC REVIEW

Style. Inter-Communication Climate and Material Phases in Style The Lintel The Arch Egyptian Chaldean Greek Roman Vaulting Greek Influence Development of Ornament Græco-Roman Painted Decoration Domes Early Christian Art Metal Work and Enamel Roman Influence Abroad Romanesque Style Church Development Dark Ages Crusades Pointed Arch Gothic Style Phases of Gothic Early Pointed Decorated Gothic Perpendicular Gothic Glass Windows Civic Influences Effect of Commerce Italy Foreign Influence in England The House The Reformation Renaissance Early Exponents Rome Venice Venetian Influence Painted Decoration Græco-Roman Influence Early French Renaissance Native Exploitation English Renaissance Italians in England Study of Classic Style Thomas Thorpe Flemish Influence Jacobean Development in Dwellings Evolution of Professional Designer Inigo Jones Louis XIII Louis XIV "Boule” Work Mirrors Louis XV Régence Rococo Lacquer “Vernis Martin" Later English Renaissances Sir Christopher Wren Classic Spires Dutch and French Influences Queen Anne Period Early Georgian Chippendale Mayhew Adam Style Hepplewhite Sheraton Louis XVI Riesener and Gouthière Empire Empire in England Later English Architecture French Influence on Europe

CHAPTER III MOULDINGS

Purpose The Fillet Sheltering Mouldings The Cavetto Cyma Recta Bracketing Mouldings The Ovolo Cyma Reversa Binding Mouldings The Torus The Scotia The Facia Decoration of Mouldings Orthodox Details Angle Leaf Dentils Employment Attitude Wood Panelling Applied Mouldings Bolection Moulding Plaster Wood-turning Metal Turning Pottery Metal Mouldings Wrought Iron Silver-work Spinning Repoussé

CHAPTER IV ARCHITECTURAL PROPORTIONS

Introduction System of Proportion The Order Doric Order Ionic Order Corinthian Order Doric Entablatures Mutules Ionic Entablature Corinthian Entablature The Column—The Shaft The Capital Doric Capital Ionic Capital To Draw the Volute Corinthian Capital The Base Doric Base Ionic Base Corinthian Base The Arch Doric Impost Archivolt Ionic Impost Ionic Archivolt Corinthian Impost Corinthian Archivolt The Keystone The Pedestal Doric Pedestal Ionic Pedestal Corinthian Pedestal The Baluster Spacing of Balusters Balustrading Use of Columns Disposition and Spacing in Colonnades Orders Above Orders The Pilaster Arcades Subsidiary Order Superimposed Orders Rustication Basement Attic The Pediment Doors Windows

CHAPTER V DIVISION OF SURFACE

Wall Treatment Ceilings Jacobean Carolean and Georgian Adam Ceilings Vaults and Domes The Cove The Frieze Borders Geometric Elements The Undulate Line Repetition and Alternation Treatment of Angles Pilaster Treatment Panelled Pilasters Capitals and Bases Treatment of Panels Juxtaposition The Growth Line Grouping and Massing Division of Area Human and Animal Life Forms in the Round Supports and Balusters Standards Proportion Positions for Decoration Working Drawings The Segment or Stretch Out

CHAPTER VI DEVELOPMENT OF CONVENTIONAL ORNAMENT

Outline Drawing Undesirable Realism Craft Restrictions Materialistic Influence Early Renderings The Anthemion Greek Sculptured Ornament Acanthus Leaf Roman Development The Scroll Græco-Roman Byzantine Romanesque Italian Renaissance The Husk Leaf The Rosette Tendrils Nature Influence Symbolic Employment Consistency in Growth Branching Leaves The Start Renaissance Influence Jacobean. Régence Rococo Louis XVI Grinling Gibbons School of Carving Adam Style Empire System of the Acanthus Leaf

CHAPTER VII TREATMENT IN DESIGN

Natural Attraction Decorative Materials Justification of Treatment Undesirable Imitation Technical Considerations Methods of Expression Treatment of Leaves Surface Interest Painted Decoration Stencilled Work Mechanical Production, Printed and Woven Needlework Appliqué Lace Wood Inlay Intarsia Veneer, Marquetry Boule Work Mosaic Byzantine Use of Marble Book Decoration Bindings Relief—Economic Result of Method Desirable Treatment in Carving Backgrounds Reproduction Processes Metal Repoussé Metal, Cast Character of Cast Work

CHAPTER VIII MYTHOLOGY AND SYMBOLISM

Early Symbolic Ornament Customs Origin of Mythology Nature Myths Light and Darkness Melanesian Myth Darkness as a Devouring Monster Season Myths Sun Myths Belief in Natural Phenomena Greek and Roman Deities Scandinavian Mythology Rising and Setting Symbolised Winds Personified Predestination The Fates Propitiation and Sacrifice Early Burial Customs Taboo Roman Lares Typical Legend Early Spiritual Belief Prehistoric Treatment of Epileptics Prohibition Belief in Magical Qualities. The Shirt of Nessus Swords Invulnerability Belief in Numbers Muses Sacred Trees and Flowers, etc. Sacred Animals Evangelist Symbols The Serpent The Dragon Poetic License in Tradition Animals in Christian Art Association of Human and Animal Qualities Totemism Cannibalism The Sphinx Assyrian Winged Monsters Pegasus The Harpy Sirens Pan The Nymphs Centaur The Circle Symbols of the Trinity The Wand a Symbol of Authority The Hand The Caduceus Thyrsus The Trident The Cross The Pastoral Staff Symbols of Martyrdom Symbolism of Gems, etc. Masks Symbols of Time Secular Symbols Trophies Heraldry Heraldry in Design Symbolism in Modern Art Present Apathy

CHAPTER IX WAYS AND MEANS

Perception Accepted Conventions Influence of Fashion Harmonious Consistency Natural Suggestion Colour Scheme Early Training Nature Study Aspect and Attitude Treatment Drawings for Reproduction Opaque Colour Enlarging and Reducing Textiles Wallpapers Architectural Drawings Structural Design Lucid Arrangement Mathematical Equipment Use of the Ruling Pen Proportional Compass Tracings Conclusion

INDEX

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