Handbook of South American Governance by Riggirozzi, Pia.,Wylde, Christopher. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of illustrations List of contributors Acknowledgments Abbreviations 1. Introduction: Governance in South America

Contextualizing the dilemma of governance in South America Levels and agents of governance The structure of the book Bibliography

PART I: Governance and development in South America

2. South American governance in the colonial period

On the nature of the colonial regime: feudal, mercantilist or capitalist? The colonial economic institutions The heritage of the colonial period Conclusions Bibliography

3. Post-colonial South America: Nineteenth-century laissez-faire governance

Introduction The global context: dynamics and growth The oligarchic state: forging economies and polities From the oligarchic to the populist state: demise, decline or reconfiguration Conclusion Bibliography

4. Dependency Theory and South American governance in post-neoliberal times

Introduction Dependency Theory as a school of thought The ‘dependent’ foundations of South American post-neoliberalism Conclusion Note Bibliography

5. Neoliberal governance in South America

Introduction Neoliberalism – ideas, origins, and phases of implementation in South America Transnational governance Domestic governance: insulating neoliberal reformers Cooptation and recomposition of the popular sector Conclusion Notes Bibliography

6. The concept and practice of post-neoliberal governance in South America

Post-neoliberalism in South America Conceptual contributions of post-neoliberalism Conclusions Bibliography

7. Inter-American relations in historical perspective

Introduction From empires to early republics Early interventionism The civilizing mission Depression, dependency and nationalism Inter-American relations in post-dictatorship South America Conclusion Bibliography

PART II: The institutionalization of governance in South America

8. Governing security in South America: From the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance to the South American Defence Council

The Cold War, the fight against communism and the model of industrial development The fall of the Soviet Union and the securitization of neoliberalism The global war on terror: reworking security governance Final remarks Note Bibliography

9. The Organization of American States: Promise and limitations as a hub institution

The promise of the OAS as the hub institution in the Americas The limitations of the OAS hub status The erosion of the OAS project Conclusion Acknowledgements Bibliography

10. Governing debt: South America and the IMF

Introduction Orthodoxy vs. Structuralism during the Bretton Woods regime Retreat during the rise of international debt markets (1974–1981) The debt crisis: the IMF as debt repayment guarantee (1982–1988) Neoliberalism and financial bailouts (1989–2002) Commodity boom and second retreat (2003–2007) Global financial crisis: the IMF’s revival (2008 to present) Conclusion Notes Bibliography Databases

11. Governing development in South America: Between old and new challenges

Governing progress: development financing from independence until the outbreak of WWI Governing development in the twentieth century: at the crossroads between multilateral lending institutions and domestic demands Governing development in the twenty-first century: new challenges for an old problem Conclusions Notes Bibliography

12. Governance as regional integration: ALADI, CAN and MERCOSUR

Introduction ALADI CAN MERCOSUR Understanding South American regional governance Notes Bibliography

13. Regional governance in South America: Supporting states, dealing with markets and reworking hegemonies

Setting boundaries and expectations: what is regionalism in the South? Managing the tension between national capitalism and global capital through regionalism Regional pragmatism as a tool for dealing with globalization Regionalism from the nation up: rescaling national governance in a post-hegemonic context Conclusion Bibliography

14. The new minilateralism in regional economic governance: Crossregionalism and the Pacific Alliance

Introduction The new minilateral institution of cross-regionalism The Pacific Alliance as an example of minilateral economic governance Conclusions Notes Bibliography

15. South-South cooperation and the governance of development aid in South America

Introduction What is South–South cooperation? Features and driving forces of SSC in South America The political meaning of South–South cooperation in South America South America and the changing governance of development cooperation Platforms for SSC coordination in South America Conclusions Notes Bibliography

16. China’s spin on governing its relationship with South America

China–South America relations 1949–1966: early bonds across the Pacific China–South America relations 1970–2000: the end of politics, but not history China–South America relations after 2001: the boom, the bust and the ‘new normal’ Concluding thoughts Bibliography

PART III: Placing actors in South American governance

17. The place of the military in South American governance

Introduction The role of the military The colonial and early independence era From the nineteenth to the twentieth century: the professionalization of the armed forces The emergence of military regimes in the twentieth century The transitions to democracy Managing civilian control Militarizing police functions Conclusion Notes Bibliography

18. Beyond states and markets in South America: Lessons of Labour-Centred Development from Chile and Argentina

Introduction From Elite Development Theory to Labour-Centred Development Labour-Centred Development in South America Conclusion Note Bibliography

19. A foot on each side of the picket-line: The contradictory role of labour unions in South American governance

Shaping labour governance characteristics under ISI (1900s to 1950s) Containing the genie: unions under dictatorships, corporatism and pacted democracies (1960s to 1970s) Mixed fortunes: new democracies and market reforms (1980s to 1990s) Labour resurgence under the Pink Tide? (2000s to 2016) Contemporary challenges for labour governance Notes Bibliography

20. Business interest groups and policy-making in South America

Introduction uBsiness interest groups and policy-making process in Latin America The recent evolution of business interest groups in South America Towards a new model of business interest representation Policy consequences Concluding remarks Bibliography

21. Democracy, pluralism and the media in South America

Introduction Democratic politics, markets and the media in Latin America Media reform and the case of public communications in Latin America: an assessment of advancements and challenges The case of the ‘alternative media’ in Brazil and the blogosphere: a new space for social movements? Conclusion Notes Bibliography

22. Human rights activists and advocacy in South America

State terrorism and political violence in twentieth-century Latin America Human rights activism and the struggle against impunity Concluding remarks: from historic injustice to the contemporary panorama Notes Bibliography

23. Indigenous rights and resource governance

Indigenous governance innovation Indigenous rights and Ecuador’s Yasuní-ITT initiative Indigenous rights and Bolivia’s TIPNIS conflict FPIC: from consultation to consent Conclusion Notes Bibliography

24. The South American right: Powerful elites and weak states

Introduction: a new right for a new millennium? The right in South America in historical perspective Contemporary right-wing governance in South America: making government irrelevant Right-wing prospects in left-led South America Right-wing strategies in left-led South America Conclusion: South American Governance and the right Note Bibliography

PART IV: Emerging issues/old dilemmas

25. Shaking up governance and inequality in South America: A politicaleconomy account

Introduction: shaking up those sitting by the side of the road Innovations in the economic study of inequality Recent changes in inequality in South America Policy, governance and South American inequality Bibliography

26. Social movements and governance in South America

Introduction Social movements during the transition to democracy and neoliberalism Social movements and the articulation of discontent in contemporary South America Social movements and shifting terms of governance during the ‘turn to the Left’ Conclusion Notes Bibliography

27. Extractivism and citizenship

Defining (neo)extractivism Theoretical influences Empirical evidence Rentier states, institutions and social conflict Conclusions Bibliography

28. Governing natural resources

Introduction The IPE of extractivism in Latin America Resource nationalism and the demise of the Washington Consensus Missing a golden opportunity for structural transformation Conclusions Notes Bibliography

29. Transboundary water governance in South America

Introduction Hydropolitics and region-building Resource-driven integration Infrastructure and socio-environmental conflicts Conclusion Notes Bibliography

30. The drugs trade

The drugs trade and governance in South America South America and world drug supply Social and economic factors in coca cultivation South America, the USA and counter-narcotics Drug trafficking organisations Fumigation and glyphosate Coca cultivation in the Andean region and the balloon effect Demand Alternative approaches to tackling the drugs trade Decriminalization Legalization Bolivia’s alternative policy Conclusion Notes Bibliography

31. Creating space for autonomous governance: South America and the global governance structural power game

Structural power and global governance Amplify existing institutional space to encompass new priorities Parallel systems to weaken structural control New geopolitics, new policy solutions Conclusion Bibliography

32. International migration in South America: Emerging forms of governance

Introduction Brief overview of recent trends National legislation update Regional norms Transnational actors The project to create regional citizenship Conclusions Notes Bibliography

33. Scaling up citizenship: The case of the Statute of MERCOSUR Citizenship

Evolution and particularities of each regional bloc Policy and institutional aspects of regional governance The projection of the EC agenda within the South American space Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the EC (2021) Regional developments and some emerging findings Final comments Notes Bibliography

PART V: Possibilities and prospects in the study of South American governance

34. Institutions, actors and the practice of governance in South America: Conclusion and directions for further research

Governance and the quest for development Institutions for regional governance Actors, practices and issues in South American governance Furthering debate and research Bibliography

Index

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