The Complete Legal Writer by Chew, Alexa Z. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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Index

Preface What's Familiar in The Complete Legal Writer

Legal Authorities Legal Analysis Writing Process Samples of Briefs, Emails, Letters, Memos, and More

What's New in The Complete Legal Writer The Genre Discovery Approach The Genres Covered Research and Citation Giving and Receiving Feedback Additional Teacher and Student Support Acknowledgments Part 1 Legal Foundations Chapter 1 · Legal Discourse I. Welcome to Legal Communication A. Legal Discourse Is Strange B. Legal Documents Are Strange II. Use the Rhetorical Triangle A. Audience: Whom Are You Writing For? B. Purpose: What Is Your Document's Function? C. Persona: How Do You Want to Come Across? III. Pair Claims with Authorities Chapter 2 · Legal Authorities I. Welcome to Legal Authorities A. Legal Authorities Are Primary or Secondary B. Read Citations to Assess the Weight of Legal Authorities II. Federal Primary Authorities A. Parallel Systems of Government B. The Federal Legislative Branch C. The Federal Executive Branch D. The Federal Judicial Branch

Federal Trial Courts Federal Appellate Courts U.S. Supreme Court

E. Federal Citations in the Wild III. State Primary Authorities A. Parallel Universes B. State Legislative Branches C. State Executive Branches D. State Judicial Branches E. State Citations in the Wild Chapter 3 · Legal Genres I. Identify a Legal Document's Genre II. Identify the Genre's Audience III. Locate Strong Samples of the Genre IV. Create a Document Map V. Put It All Together and Write A. Outline the Document Parts B. Write the Easy Parts, Then Outline the Harder Parts C. Turn Your Outline into Text D. Apply Formatting Conventions Chapter 4 · Legal Logic I. The Golden Rule: Explain Before You Apply II. Basic Legal Logic: Syllogisms III. C-RAC and Friends: Legal Syllogisms in Action Chapter 5 · Legal Analysis I. Logical Gaps II. Cut-and-Paste Gap Filling A. Rule Alignment and Determinative Facts B. C-RAC Creation III. Invisible Rule Gap Filling A. Extracting Rules from Case Law B. Rule Synthesis C. Creating C-RACs with Synthesized Rules IV. Analogical Gap Filling A. Analogy Basics B. Extracting Useful Facts from Case Law C. Creating C-RACs with Case Illustrations V. Policy Gap Filling A. Extracting Implicit Policy B. Creating C-RACs with Policy Chapter 6 · Assessing Authorities I. Is This Authority “Good” Support for This Claim? II. Binding Authority and Stare Decisis III. Criteria for Assessing the Weight of Legal Authorities A. Primary or Secondary Authority

Guidelines

B. Geographic Jurisdiction

Guidelines

C. Type of Primary Authority

Guidelines

D. Recency

Guidelines

E. Level of Issuing Court (for Cases)

Guidelines

F. Whether a Case Is Published or Unpublished

Guidelines

G. Applicability Chapter 7 · Legal Reading I. Rhetorical Analysis of a Judicial Opinion A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona II. Common Features of a Judicial Opinion A. Header B. Overview C. Summary of the Underlying Facts D. Procedural History E. Identification of the Issues F. Procedural Rules G. Substantive Legal Rules H. Application of the Law to the Facts I. Conclusion J. Disposition III. Effectively Reading a Judicial Opinion A. Read with a Goal B. Get Your Bearings C. Use the Headings D. Annotate Efficiently E. Pull It Together IV. Identifying an Opinion's Holding V. Reading Statutes and Regulations A. Study the Scheme B. Every Word Counts C. Read On Chapter 8 · Analysis Structure I. Unitary Analysis II. Branching Analyses: Elements and Factors III. Cascading Analyses IV. Multi-Issue Analyses Part 2 Writing Legal Genres Chapter 9 · Office Memo I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 10 · Email Memo I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 11 · Client Letter I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 12 · Demand Letter I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 13 · Complaint I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 14 · Trial Motion and Brief I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 15 · Motion Hearing I. Examine a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Watch the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 16 · Appellate Brief I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 17 · Appellate Oral Argument I. Examine a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Watch or Listen to the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 18 · Appellate Opinion I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Chapter 19 · Employer Website Blog Post I. Read a Sample II. Study the Genre A. Audience B. Purpose C. Persona III. Examine More Samples A. Distinguishing Features B. Read the Samples IV. Create a Document Map Part 3 Composing Legal Documents Chapter 20 · Determine Document Parts I. Refer to Your Document Map A. What Document Parts Are in Your Samples? B. What Document Parts Seem Flexible? II. Consider Your Audience A. What Document Parts Does Your Audience Mandate? B. Where Does Your Audience Give You Flexibility? III. Assess Court Rules A. Locating Court Rules B. Using Court Rules Chapter 21 · Brainstorm and Outline I. Freewrite A. Freewrite Strategy 1: Timed Writing B. Freewrite Strategy 2: Looping C. Freewrite Strategy 3: Changing Your Medium D. Freewrite Strategy 4: Question-and-Answer II. Outline A. Outline Strategy 1: Argument-Based Outlining B. Outline Strategy 2: Mind-Mapping and Flowcharting C. Outline Strategy 3: Reverse-Outlining III. Research to Write Chapter 22 · Research Authorities I. Kick-Starting Your Research A. Review the Facts B. Review the Law II. Starting with Something A. Expand from What You Know B. Look Inside C. Look Outside D. Generate Search Terms III. Starting with Nothing A. Look Inside B. Look Outside IV. Using a Research Strategy A. Create Your Research Strategy B. Adapt Your Research Strategy V. Locating Legal Authorities A. Research Using Books B. Research Online Using Free Government Databases C. Research Online Using Commercial Legal Databases D. Research Online Using Non-Legal Resources VI. Research Flowchart Chapter 23 · Write Effective Facts I. Sort Your Facts A. Legally Persuasive Facts B. Emotionally Persuasive Facts C. Irrelevant Facts D. Tabbing and Annotating II. Select Facts Appropriate for Your Genre III. Write Procedural History IV. Create a Cast of Characters A. Identify Motivations B. Name and Describe the Characters C. Use Pathos to Your Advantage V. Use Chronology A. Why Follow Chronological Order? B. Why Break Chronological Order? C. Break Chronological Order with “The Swoop” Chapter 24 · Create a Theory of the Case I. What Is a Theory of the Case? II. Craft a Theory of the Case A. Applicable Law B. Undisputed Facts C. Method to Confirm Bias III. Analyze a Theory of the Case A. Theory for the Defense B. Theory for the Prosecution C. Analyzing the Theories IV. Craft a Case Theme Chapter 25 · Organize an Analysis I. Identifying Your Issues II. Selecting an Analysis Structure III. Ordering Your Issues A. Order by Strength B. Order by Rule IV. Crafting Headings A. Part Headings B. Topical Headings C. Point Headings and Subheadings Chapter 26 · Write an Analysis I. Write Procedural Rule Passages A. Understanding Trial and Appellate Standards B. Researching Procedural Rules and Standards C. Organizing Procedural Rules II. Write Your Substantive Rule Passage A. Begin Your Substantive Rule Passage B. Write Your Sub-Rules: Branching Analysis C. Conduct Your Conclusory Analysis D. Preview Your Analyses: Roadmaps III. Write Your C-RAC(s) A. Presenting Your Rules from General to Specific B. Explaining How Your Rules Apply to Your Facts C. Concluding Your C-RACs and Connecting Them Together

Tying Together a Branching Analysis Tying Together a Cascading Analysis

Chapter 27 · Illustrate Rules I. Determine Whether to Illustrate Rules A. Does the Rule Align with Your Facts? B. Is the Rule Easy to Understand? C. Do You Need to Analogize? II. Illustrate Rules Effectively III. Place Case Illustrations Properly IV. Apply Case Illustrations to Facts Chapter 28 · Cite Authorities I. Cite While You Write A. Use Citation Shortcuts B. Keep a List of Authorities II. Use Signals Effectively A. Familiarize Yourself with Signals B. Use Explanatory Parentheticals C. Develop Judgment About Signals and Parentheticals D. Candor to the Tribunal III. Format Citations Properly A. Using Citation Manuals B. Style Rules in Citation Manuals C. Citing Factual Authorities D. Local Citation Rules Chapter 29 · Arrange Paragraphs and Sentences I. Assess Your Paragraphs A. Topic Sentences B. Create a List C. Paragraph Slip II. Create “Flow” A. The Known-New Technique B. Known-New and Scaffolding C. Ineffective Scaffolding D. Implementing Scaffolding III. Transition Words and Phrases IV. The Arrangement Checklist Chapter 30 · Use Effective Style I. Concision and Precision A. Use Strong Verbs

Verb Placement Passive Verbs Nominalized Verbs

B. Avoid Ambiguous Language

Dummy Subjects Pronouns Misplaced Modifiers Courts

II. Legalese A. Tempering Qualifiers B. Intensifiers C. Paired Synonyms III. Tone A. Striking the Right Tone B. Audience Awareness C. Appropriateness and Formality Chapter 31 · Design Clean Documents I. Medium, File Type, and File Name II. Fonts and Headings III. Margins and Spacing IV. Email Considerations A. Email Text Format B. Attachments C. Signatures Part 4 Implementing Feedback Chapter 32 · Peer Feedback I. Why Peer Feedback? II. Provide Peer Feedback A. First Read-Through: React B. Second Read-Through: Provide a Reverse Outline of the Analysis C. Third Read-Through: Diagnose D. Discuss E. Focus on the Writing, Not the Writer III. Receive Peer Feedback A. Provide Copies B. Provide Plenty of Time C. Read Comments Carefully D. Listen E. Thank Your Partner for the Feedback IV. Conduct Simultaneous Peer Feedback Chapter 33 · Professor and Supervisor Feedback I. Receive Professor Feedback A. Why Your Professor Is Giving You Feedback B. Tips for Interacting with Your Professor II. Receive Supervisor Feedback A. Why Your Supervisor Is Giving You Feedback B. Product Over Process III. Implement Professor or Supervisor Feedback A. Assess Feedback B. Apply Feedback to the Present Document C. Apply Feedback to Future Documents IV. Prepare for a Conference with Your Professor or Supervisor A. Arrive with Materials B. Create an Agenda C. Nail Down Logistics V. Confer with Your Professor or Supervisor A. Be Prepared to Be Wrong B. Get What You Came For C. Take Good Notes Chapter 34 · Self Feedback I. Self-Revision Strategies A. Write a Reverse Outline B. Circle Citations C. Write a Reflection Document II. Self-Editing Strategies A. Read Out Loud B. Read on Paper C. Change the Appearance D. Review Your Personalized Editing Checklist Glossary Index

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