Writing That Works · Communicating Effectively on the Job, 2020 APA Update, Thirteenth Edition, Writing That Works: 2020 APA Update, Thirteenth Edition by Alred, Gerald J. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

About this Book

Cover Page Inside Cover Page

Part 1 The Writing Process at Work

Chapter 1 Understanding the Workplace Writing Context: A Case Study

Writing Systematically

Determining Your Purpose Assessing Your Audience’s Needs Considering the Context Generating, Gathering, and Recording Ideas and Facts

Brainstorming Using Other Sources of Information

Establishing Your Scope Organizing Your Ideas

Selecting the Medium Writing for Results Writing Persuasively Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 2 Planning, Drafting, and Revising Workplace Writing: A Case Study

Organizing Your Information

Traditional Roman Numeral Outline Decimal Numbering System Outline

Essential Organizing Patterns A Case Study Part I: How Audience and Purpose Shape Organization Drafting a Document

Beginning Your Rough Draft

Keeping Your Audience in Mind

Accommodating Multiple Audiences Writing for an International Audience

Writing an Opening Writing a Closing A Case Study Part II: Drafting the Lifemaker Brochure Revising a Document Content and Organization Coherence

Paragraph Unity Transitions

Emphasis

Active and Passive Voice Subordination Parallel Structure Lists Other Ways to Achieve Emphasis

Point of View Style and Language

Style

Formal Writing Style Informal Writing Style

Language

Context and Word Choice Conciseness Bias Plain Language

Proofreading A Case Study Part III: Revising the Lifemaker Brochure Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Part 2 Methods and Design

Chapter 3 Collaborating on Content

Advantages and Disadvantages of Collaborative Writing Functions of a Collaborative Writing Team

Planning

Selecting the Publication Medium Agreeing on Style Standards Collaborating Electronically

Research and Writing Review and Revision

The Role of Conflict in Collaborative Writing Leading a Collaborative Writing Team

Schedule Review Transmittal Sheet

Collaborating with Other Departments Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 4 Conducting Research

Conducting Primary Research: Experience, Interviews, Observations, and Questionnaires

Beginning with Your Experience

Determining Whom to Interview Preparing for the Interview Conducting the Interview Expanding Your Notes After the Interview

Observing Firsthand Using a Questionnaire

Advantages Disadvantages Selecting Questionnaire Recipients Preparing and Designing Your Questionnaire

Conducting Secondary Research: The Workplace, the Library, and the Internet

Developing a Search Strategy Workplace Sources of Information Library Research

Using Library Catalogs to Locate Books Using Databases to Locate Articles Using Reference Works to Locate Facts and Topic Overviews Other Library Resources

Searching the Web

Search Engines Subject Directories Metasearch Engines Web-Based Tools Locating Business and Government Sites

Evaluating, Recording, and Acknowledging Research Sources

Evaluating Sources

Authority Accuracy Bias Currency

Taking Notes Quoting from Your Sources

Direct Quotations Indirect Quotations Deletions or Omissions Inserting Material into Quotations Incorporating Quotations into Text

Paraphrasing Summarizing Avoiding Plagiarism and Other Intellectual Property Violations

Acknowledging Your Sources Common Knowledge Copyrights, Patents, and Trademarks

Copyrights

Permissions Exceptions

Patents Trademarks

Documenting Sources

APA Style

APA In-Text Citations APA Citation Format for a References List APA Documentation Models APA Sample Pages

MLA Style

MLA In-Text Citations MLA Citation Format for a List of Works Cited MLA Documentation Models MLA Sample Pages

Other Style Manuals

Biology Chemistry Government Documents Journalism Law Medicine Political Science Social Work

Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 5 Designing Text and Visuals

Understanding Design Principles

Grouping Contrast Repetition

Designing Documents

Typography

Typeface Type Size

Highlighting Devices

Typographical Devices Headings and Captions Headers and Footers Rules, Icons, and Color

Integrating Other Design Elements

Columns White Space Left- or Full-Justified Text Alignment Lists Illustrations

Creating Visuals

Designing and Integrating Visuals with Text Tables Graphs

Line Graphs Bar Graphs Pie Graphs Picture Graphs Dimensional-Column Graphs

Drawings Flowcharts Organizational Charts Maps Photographs

Highlighting Photographic Objects Using Color

Infographics Using Visuals to Communicate Internationally

Colors People, Parts of the Body, and Gestures Cultural Symbols Reading Practices Directional Signs

Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 6 Writing in an Online Environment

Crafting Content for Rapid Consumption

Using the Inverted Pyramid Using a Simple Style and an Appropriate Tone Writing Concisely Chunking Content

Highlighting Information

Using Headings and Subheadings Using Bulleted and Numbered Lists Giving Directional Cues Providing Keywords for Content Retrieval Using Graphics and Typography

Graphics Font Size and Style Line Length Special Font Characters

Linking to Internal Content Linking to External Content

Repurposing Existing Content Documenting Sources of Information Protecting User Privacy Enhancing Access to Content

Ensuring Access for People with Disabilities Considering International Users

Social and Collaborative Media in the Workplace

Blogs and Forums

Organizational Uses Writing for Organizational Blogs and Forums Tagging Postings

Wikis Podcasts FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

Questions to Include Organization Placement

Social Media

Choosing the Appropriate Workplace Platform Writing Style and Privacy Considerations

Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Part 3 Messages and Models

Chapter 7 Writing Emails, Memos, and Letters

Using Professional Style and Tone

Audience and Writing Style Goodwill and the “You” Viewpoint

Structuring Effective Messages

Direct and Indirect Patterns

Direct Pattern Indirect Pattern

Openings Closings

Developing Clarity and Emphasis

Lists Headings Subject Lines

Managing Your Email and Protocol

Review and Confidentiality Writing and Design Observing Protocol

Organizational Rank Copy Protocol

Sending Text, Instant, and Chat Messages Designing Memos

Memo Format

Designing Letters

Letter Format Heading Inside Address Salutation Subject Line Body Complimentary Closing Writer’s Signature Block End Notations Continuing Pages

Meeting the Deadline: The Time-Sensitive Message

Understand the Assignment Gather Information Organize Your Thoughts Write the Draft Polish the Draft Take a Well-Deserved Break

Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 8 Writing Routine and Sensitive Messages

Routine and Positive Messages

Cover Messages (or Transmittals) Acknowledgments Inquiries Responses to Inquiries Sales and Promotions

Sensitive and Negative Messages

Routine and High-Stakes Refusals Complaints Adjustment Messages

Full Adjustments Partial Adjustments

Collections

Writing International Correspondence

Culture and Business-Writing Style Cross-Cultural Examples

Meeting the Deadline: Writing a Sensitive Message Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 9 Writing Informal Reports

Planning and Writing Informal Reports

Considering Your Audience Collecting Information Parts of the Informal Report

Introduction Body Conclusions and Recommendations

Reaching Plausible Conclusions: Evaluating Cause and Effect

Types of Informal Reports

Progress and Periodic Reports

Progress Reports Periodic Reports

Investigative Reports Incident Reports Trip Reports Test Reports

Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 10 Writing Formal Reports

Transmittal Messages Front Matter

Title Page Abstract Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Preface List of Abbreviations and Symbols

Body

Executive Summary Introduction

Introducing the Subject Stating the Purpose Stating the Scope Previewing How the Topic Will Be Developed

Text (Body)

Headings Explanatory Notes Graphic and Tabular Matter

Conclusions Recommendations References (or Works Cited)

Back Matter

Bibliography Appendixes Glossary Index Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 11 Writing Instructions

Planning Instructions

Learn to Perform the Operation Yourself Assess Your Audience and Purpose

Coworkers Consumers International Readers

Organize the Instructions

Writing Instructions

Write Directly to Your Reader Include Warnings and Cautions

Language of Warnings Visual Symbols and Signal Words

Using Illustrations and Design Principles

Illustrate for Clarity Design for Ease of Use

Testing for Usability Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 12 Writing Proposals

Planning and Writing Proposals

Audience and Purpose Project Management Repurposing Content Organization Persuasive Writing

Internal Proposals

Routine Internal Proposals Formal Internal Proposals

External Proposals

Solicited Proposals Unsolicited Proposals Grant and Research Proposals Sales Proposals

Meeting the Deadline: The Time-Sensitive Proposal Requests for Proposals

RFP Structure Information About Your Company Project Description Delivery Schedule Proposal Description Vendor Qualifications Proposal-Evaluation Criteria Appendixes Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 13 Giving Presentations and Conducting Meetings

Preparing and Delivering Presentations

Determining Your Purpose Analyzing Your Audience Gathering Information Structuring Your Presentation

Introduction Body Transitions Closing

Using Visual Aids

Using Presentation Software Using Flip Charts, Whiteboards, and Chalkboards Using Handouts

Practicing Your Presentation Delivery Techniques That Work

Dealing with Presentation Anxiety

Reaching Global Audiences

Meeting the Deadline: The Time-Sensitive Presentation

Part I: Planning Your Presentation (45 minutes) Part II: Creating Your Presentation (90 minutes) Part III: Practicing Your Presentation (45 minutes) Part IV: Delivering Your Presentation (Allotted Time)

Listening

Fallacies About Listening Steps to More Effective Listening

Make a Conscious Decision Define Your Purpose Take Specific Actions Adapt to the Situation

Conducting Productive Meetings

Planning a Meeting

What Is the Purpose of the Meeting? Who Should Attend? When Should the Meeting Be Held? Where Should the Meeting Be Held? What’s on the Agenda?

Chairing a Meeting

Dealing with Conflict Making a Record of Decisions and Assignments Closing the Meeting

Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Chapter 14 Finding the Right Job

Promoting Your Skills for a Successful Job Search

Establish Your Personal Brand Post an Online Professional Profile

Choose the Appropriate Site Craft Content for Clarity Review for Thoroughness Highlight Experience, Education, and Skills

Create a Personal Website

Conducting the Job Search

Networking Campus Career Services Strategic Web Searches Job Advertisements Trade and Professional Journal Listings Private, Temporary, and Government Employment Agencies Internships and Co-ops

Keep a Record of Your Accomplishments

Direct Queries and Informational Interviews Job-Search Record Keeping

Preparing an Effective Résumé

Analyzing Your Background

Returning Job Seekers

Organizing Your Résumé

The Heading Job Objective vs. Job Title and Tagline Qualifications Summary Education Employment Experience Related Skills and Abilities Honors and Activities References Portfolios

Digital Formats and Media Résumés

Email-Attached Résumés Applicant Tracking System Résumés Plain-Text Résumés Scannable Résumés Web Résumés

Sample Résumés

Writing an Effective Letter of Application

Opening Paragraph Body Paragraphs Closing Paragraph

Proofreading and Follow-Up

Sample Letters

Completing a Job or an Internship Application Form Doing Well in the Interview

Before the Interview During the Interview

Behavior Responses Salary Negotiations Conclusion

Sending Follow-Up Correspondence Sending a Resignation Letter or Memo Chapter Summary

Exercises Collaborative Classroom Projects Research Projects

Part 4 Appendix

Revision Guide: Sentences, Punctuation, and Mechanics

Sentences

Sentence Faults

Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices Sentence Fragments Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers

Nouns

Count and Mass Nouns Articles Prepositions

Pronouns

Pronoun Case

Determining Case Using Who or Whom

Pronoun Reference Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Person Gender Number

Adjectives and Adverbs

Comparatives and Superlatives Placement Usage

Adjective Clauses

Verbs

Subject-Verb Agreement

Intervening Words Inverted Word Order Collective Subjects Compound Subjects Indefinite Pronouns Relative Pronouns Singular Nouns Ending in -s Book Titles Subject Complements

Voice Mood

Traditional (Formal) Use of the Subjunctive Mood Contemporary (Informal) Use of the Indicative Mood

Tense Helping Verbs Conditional Sentences Gerunds and Infinitives

Punctuation

Commas

Linking Independent Clauses Introducing Elements

Clauses and Phrases Words Quotations

Enclosing Elements Separating Elements

Items in a Series Adjectives Dates Numbers Addresses Names

Using Commas with Other Punctuation Avoiding Unnecessary Commas

Semicolons Colons Apostrophes

Showing Possession

Singular Nouns Plural Nouns Compound Nouns Coordinate Nouns Possessive Pronouns

Indicating Omission Forming Plurals

Quotation Marks

Identifying Quotations Setting Off Words, Phrases, and Titles

Words and Phrases Titles of Works

Using Quotation Marks with Other Punctuation

Periods Question Marks Exclamation Marks Parentheses and Brackets Hyphens

Linking Modifiers Separating Prefixes and Suffixes Other Uses

Dashes Ellipses Slashes

Mechanics

Capitalization

Proper Nouns Common Nouns First Words Specific Groups Specific Places Specific Institutions, Events, and Concepts Titles of Works Professional and Personal Titles Abbreviations, Letters, and Units

Numbers

Words or Numerals Plurals Money Measurements Time and Dates Addresses Punctuation Documents

Abbreviations

Names of Organizations Measurements Personal Names and Titles

Italics

Foreign Words and Phrases Titles Proper Names Words, Letters, and Numerals Subheads

Notes Index Index of Sample Documents Inside Back Cover Back Cover

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