Anatomy of Voice · How to Enhance and Project Your Best Voice by Calais-Germain, Blandine -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Dedication Acknowledgments Foreword in Three Voices . . . Preface Chapter 1. Introduction

Some Rules for Describing Movement The Vocal Apparatus The Moving Body (Including Static Posture), Breathing Body, and Vocal Body

The Moving Body Static Posture The Breathing (or “Pneumatic”) Body The Vocal Body or Vocal Apparatus The Moving, Breathing, and Vocal Bodies Can Interact

Chapter 2. The Skeleton of the Voice

The Spine: The Link between the Trunk, Neck, and Head

The Vertebrae The Vertebrae Articulate with Each Other The Lumbar Spine: Waist, Abdominal Cavity The Thoracic Spine: Back, Thoracic Rib Cage The Cervical Spine The Cervical Vertebrae from C3 to C7 The Atlas The Axis The Head and the Atlas How the Atlas Articulates with the Axis

The Three Major “Blocks”—Pelvis, Rib Cage, Head The First Major Block: The Pelvis

Principal Landmarks (Palpable and Nonpalpable) of the Pelvis The Femurs and the Hip Joints The “Tilting” and “Positioning” of the Pelvis

The Second Major Block: The Rib Cage—the Transformable Block

The Ribs: The Only Flexible Bones The First Rib: An Important Area to Observe The Costal Cartilages The Sternum The Thoracic Spine The Costovertebral Joints Variations of the Costovertebral Axes The Two Kinds of Rib Cage Movements The Shoulder Girdle The Arms and Shoulders

The Third Major Block: The Head—the Vocal Skull

The Base of the Vocal Skull The Posterior Bone of the Skull: The Occiput The Central Bone of the Skull: The Sphenoid The Two Bones of the Ears: The Temporal Bones The Malar Bone The Bones That Make Up the Nose The Ethmoid: The Bone at the Roof of the Nasal Cavity The Superior Maxilla The Bones of the Palate and Nasal Fossa: The Palatines The Mandible (or Inferior Maxilla) The Joints of the Mandible (the Temporomandibular Joint or TMJ) The Movements of the TMJ The Dental Arches and Teeth The Hyoid Bone The Hyoid: Its Environment and Roles

Chapter 3. The Generator

Introduction The Two Cavities

The Thoracic Cavity The Abdominal Cavity The Diaphragm: The “Double-Sided Tape” between the Two Cavities The Breathing Body and Control of Expiratory Air Pressure

The Organs of Respiration and the Surrounding Area

The Lungs: The Organs of Respiration The Bronchi and Trachea

The Muscles of Respiration and the Voice The Expiratory Muscles: The Muscles That Produce the Vocal Breath

The Transverse Abdominis The Obliques The Rectus Abdominis The Abdominals and Vocal Work The Perineum and Pelvic Floor

The Inspiratory Muscles

The Diaphragm The Intercostals The Serratus Anterior The Pectoralis Minor The Pectoralis Major The Levatores Costarum The Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Muscles The Scalenes

The Postural Muscles: Support for the Generator

The Spinal Muscles The Intermediate Muscles: The Long Muscles of the Back The Anterior Postural Muscles

Chapter 4. The Larynx

The Larynx: The Source of Voice The Laryngeal Cartilages

The Cricoid Cartilage (“the Bottleneck”) The Arytenoid Cartilages (“the Little Pyramids”) The Thyroid Cartilage (“the Shield”) The Epiglottis (“the Cover”)

Ligaments and Membranes

Specific Ligaments Link the Larynx to Neighboring Structures Specific Ligaments Link Structures of the Larynx to Each Other

The Laryngeal Joints

The Cricothyroid Joints The Cricoarytenoid Joints Movements of the Laryngeal Cartilages

The Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx

The Muscle That Opens the Glottis: The Cricoarytenoid The Muscle That Brings the Vocal Cords Together: The Interarytenoid The Cricothyroid Muscle The Muscle That Closes the Glottis: The Lateral Cricoarytenoid Back-to-Back with the Vocal Cords: The Vocal Muscle The Muscles of the Ventricular Band The Sphincteral Role of the Larynx

The Laryngeal Mucosa

The Role of the Mucosa in the Production of Sound The Role of the Mucosa in Phonation (the Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory)

The Three Levels of the Larynx

The Subglottal Level The Glottal Level The Supraglottal Level Views of the Larynx by Laryngoscopy and Nasofibroscopy

The Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx

The Suprahyoid Muscles The Subhyoid Muscles

Chapter 5. The Vocal Tract

Anatomy of the Vocal Tract The Skeletal Framework of the Vocal Tract The Role of the Mouth and Pharynx in Resonance The Vocal Tract in the Neck

When the Body Is Vertical Balancing the Head The Suboccipital Muscles The Long Neck Extensors The Splenius The Anterior Cervical Muscles The Sternocleidomastoid or SCM The Scalenes

The Pharynx

The Regions of the Pharynx The Muscles of the Pharynx The Pharynx: Articulation and Resonance

The Mouth

Opening/Closing the Mouth: The Muscles of the Mandible The Mandible: Articulation and Resonance

The Soft Palate

Description of the Soft Palate The Muscles of the Soft Palate The Soft Palate and Respiration The Soft Palate: Articulation and Resonance

The Tongue

Description of the Tongue The Skeleton of the Tongue The Muscles of the Tongue The Dynamics of the Tongue The Tongue: Articulation and Resonance

The Lips

Description of the Lips The Muscles of the Lips The Lips: Articulation and Resonance

The Nose and the Nasal Cavities

Description of the External Part of the Nose The Nasal Fossa The Paranasal Sinuses The Nasal Mucosa

The Ears

The Outer Ear The Middle Ear The Inner Ear

Chapter 6. Some Terms Used in the Vocal Professions

Matter Gas and Pressure From Pressure to Sound Pitch, Intensity, and Duration of Sound Timbre

Bibliography About the Author About Inner Traditions • Bear & Company Books of Related Interest Copyright & Permissions Index

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