Shaping Education Policy by Mitchell, Douglas E. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

CONTENTS FOREWORD

From Local Schools to Central Control Reference

PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PART I Historical and Theoretical Context

1 THE SURPRISING HISTORY OF EDUCATION POLICY 1950 TO 2010

Schooling in America: Taking a 1950 Perspective Dramatic and Surprising Policy Shifts Produced but Halting School Change

Theoretical Explanations

Opening and Closing Policy Windows

Competing Paradigms of Social Explanation

Goal-Oriented Functionalism Conflict Theory Marketplace Exchange Theory Symbolic Interaction Theory

The Paradigms Clash

Core Social Values Liberty, the Basic Value Quality, the Justification for Policy Efficiency, the Critique of Quality Equity, the Redress Value

Shifting Values Make for Surprising Policies Conclusion References

2 AN ENDURING ISSUE

Purpose and Perspective Analytic Assumptions Data Limitations

The Evolutionary and Revolutionary Shift in the Locus and Balance of Power

The Intensification of Federal Controls The Intensification of State Controls The Contraction of Local Options The New Balance of Power Democratic Governance as a Mechanism for Enhancing Educational Effectiveness

Mixed Reviews of “Local Democracy” Experiments Mixed Reviews of Centralized Controls Alternative Takes on the Mixed Reviews Closing Observations

Notes References

PART II The Fundamental Issues

3 THE INFLUENCE OF PRACTICE ON POLICY1

Policy and Practice Infrastructure and Politics Effects of Weak Governance

Paradoxes of Policy, Politics, and Practice

Notes References

4 EDUCATION POLITICS AND POLICY IN AN ERA OF EVIDENCE

Introduction The Way It Was Challenges and Changes

Reckoning, Realignment, and Resistance

A New Day? References

5 THE MARKET FOR SCHOOLING

Introduction The Historical Evolution of Educational Choice

Drivers of Marketization Economic Theory and Markets

Effects of Markets

Possible Advantages of Markets Possible Disadvantages of Markets

Prospects for the Future Notes References

PART III The Foundations of Educational Equity

References 6 CIVIL RIGHTS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS

School Governance and Individual Students’ Rights First Amendment Expression Rights Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Rights Eighth Amendment and Corporal Punishment Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure Expression and Search and Seizure Cases from the 1980s Onward The Civil Rights of Social Groups Civil Rights—the 1970s and Onward

Special Education Western and Northern Desegregation Rights of Language Minorities in Schools Sex Discrimination Undocumented Students

Notes References

Court Cases Published Works

7 EDUCATION POLITICS AND EQUITY POLICY SINCE 1950

Introduction Purpose of the Chapter Five Political Challenges, Five Education Policies

A Framework for Analysis Interest Group Participation Power Resources

1. Schools and Racial Desegregation 2. Federal Educational Programs for the Poor and Limited English Proficient 3. Politics of Fiscal Equity 4. Federal Legislation for Children with Special Needs 5. No Child Left Behind and National Standards

Politics and Policy: Changes and Developments Conclusion References

PART IV Globalization

8 CURRICULUM POLICY AND EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

The Logic of Expansion and the Contest for Position Civil Rights Revolution and the Legacy of Brown v. Board of Education

The Quest for Inclusion The End of Tracking Standards, Assessments, and Accountability Sputnik and International Competitiveness The New Latin What’s Measured Matters Most The Push for National Standards

Who Decides?

The Trend toward Centralization Accountability for Educators Unions and the Business Lobby Summary

Curriculum Wars

Traditional and Reform Pedagogy Canonical Knowledge Science and Religion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Summary

Conclusion Notes References

9 PATH DEPENDENCE IN GERMAN AND AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION

Path Dependence and Institutional Analysis—Some Essentials

Path Dependence and the Institutionalization of Beliefs

Institutional Paths of Education in Germany and the United States

Germany

The Founding Conditions Education as Lever for National Rebuilding

United States Resistance Against School Centralization

Mass Immigration: A Window of Opportunity for Change Summing Up: Different Origins and Purposes of Public Schooling in the Two Countries

Reaffirmation Trumps Reeducation (1945–1950)

Potsdam and Reeducation The Zook Report: The Common School Meets the Gymnasium Hundhammer’s War Summary The Gesamtschul-Reform

Discussion: Implications for Policy and Theory

Two Paths of Education Understanding Policy Differences

Implications for Theory

Note References

PART V Major Efforts to Improve School Performance

10 GOVERNANCE IN URBAN SCHOOL SYSTEMS

Organization Stability in School Districts Multiple Challenges on Accountability New Institutional Boundaries in School Governance: Two Perspectives

Governing Regimes

Applying Regime Theory to Urban Education Integrated Governance: Mayoral Leadership and Educational Accountability Promising Evidence on School Improvement Conclusions Note References

11 EDUCATION AS CIVIC GOOD

Introduction Background: The Services Coordination Movement Historically Improving the Community Context for Learning Improving the Community’s Support of Classroom Learning School-Community Partnering for Instructional Improvement Conclusion References

PART VI Looking to the Future of Public Schooling

Reference 12 THE POLITICS OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM

Shifting Policy Processes Educational Policy Making in Mid-20th Century

Civil Right Struggles in the Schools The Struggle for Collective Bargaining The Sputnik Challenge

Entrepreneurial Policy Making Since the 1980s.

State and Federal Standard Setting Market-Making in Education

Conclusion Notes References

13 WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT SHAPING EDUCATION POLICY?

References

CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES INDEX

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