Beginning C by Horton, Ivor -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Dedication Contents at a Glance Contents About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Programming in C

The C Language The Standard Library Learning C Creating C Programs

Editing Compiling Linking Executing

Creating Your First Program Editing Your First Program Dealing with Errors Dissecting a Simple Program

Comments Preprocessing Directives Defining the main() Function Keywords The Body of a Function Outputting Information Function Arguments Control Characters Trigraph Sequences

The Preprocessor Developing Programs in C

Understanding the Problem Detailed Design Implementation Testing

Functions and Modular Programming Common Mistakes Points to Remember Summary

Chapter 2: First Steps in Programming

Memory in Your Computer What Is a Variable?

Naming Variables Variables That Store Integers Using Variables Initializing Variables

Basic Arithmetic Operations

More on Division with Integers Unary Operators Unary Minus Operator

Variables and Memory

Signed Integer Types Unsigned Integer Types Specifying Integer Constants

Working with Floating-Point Numbers

Floating-Point Number Representation Floating-Point Variables Division Using Floating-Point Values Controlling the Number of Decimal Places in the Output Controlling the Output Field Width

More Complicated Expressions Defining Named Constants Knowing Your Limitations Introducing the sizeof Operator Choosing the Correct Type for the Job Explicit Type Conversion

Automatic Conversions Rules for Implicit Conversions Implicit Conversions in Assignment Statements

More Numeric Data Types

Character Type Character Input and Character Output Enumerations Choosing Enumerator Values Unnamed Enumeration Types Variables That Store Boolean Values

The op= Form of Assignment Mathematical Functions Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution

Summary

Chapter 3: Making Decisions

The Decision-Making Process

Arithmetic Comparisons The Basic if Statement Extending the if statement: if-else Using Blocks of Code in if Statements Nested if Statements Testing Characters Logical Operators The Conditional Operator Operator Precedence: Who Goes First?

Multiple-Choice Questions

Using else-if Statements for Multiple Choices The switch Statement The goto Statement

Bitwise Operators

The op= Use of Bitwise Operators Using Bitwise Operators

Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution

Summary

Chapter 4: Loops

How Loops Work Introducing the Increment and Decrement Operators The for Loop General Form of the for Loop More on the Increment and Decrement Operators

The Increment Operator The Prefix and Postfix Forms of the Increment Operator The Decrement Operator

The for Loop Revisited

Modifying the for Loop Control Variable A for Loop with No Parameters The break Statement in a Loop Limiting Input Using a for Loop Generating Pseudo-Random Integers More for Loop Control Options Floating-Point Loop Control Variables

The while Loop Nested Loops Nested Loops and the goto Statement The do-while Loop The continue Statement Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution

Summary

Chapter 5: Arrays

An Introduction to Arrays

Programming Without Arrays What Is an Array? Using an Array

The Address of Operator Arrays and Addresses Initializing an Array Finding the Size of an Array Multidimensional Arrays Initializing Multidimensional Arrays Variable Length Arrays Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution

Summary

Chapter 6: Applications with Strings and Text

What Is a String? Variables That Store Strings Arrays of Strings Operations with Strings

Checking for C11 Support Finding the Length of a String Copying Strings Concatenating Strings Comparing Strings Searching a String Tokenizing a String Reading Newline Characters into a String

Analyzing and Transforming Strings

Converting Character Case Converting Strings to Numerical Values

Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution

Summary

Chapter 7: Pointers

A First Look at Pointers

Declaring Pointers Accessing a Value Through a Pointer Using Pointers Testing for a NULL Pointer Pointers to Constants Constant Pointers Naming Pointers

Arrays and Pointers Multidimensional Arrays

Multidimensional Arrays and Pointers Accessing Array Elements

Using Memory As You Go

Dynamic Memory Allocation: The malloc() Function Releasing Dynamically Allocated Memory Memory Allocation with the calloc() Function Extending Dynamically Allocated Memory

Handling Strings Using Pointers

Using Arrays of Pointers Pointers and Array Notation

Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution The Complete Program

Summary

Chapter 8: Structuring Your Programs

Program Structure

Variable Scope and Lifetime Variable Scope and Functions

Functions

Defining a Function The return Statement

The Pass-By-Value Mechanism Function Prototypes Pointers as Parameters and Return Types

const Parameters Perils of Returning Pointers

Summary

Chapter 9: More on Functions

Pointers to Functions

Declaring a Pointer to a Function Calling a Function Through a Function Pointer Arrays of Pointers to Functions Pointers to Functions As Arguments

Variables in Functions

Static Variables: Keeping Track Within a Function Sharing Variables Between Functions

Functions That Call Themselves: Recursion Functions with a Variable Number of Arguments

Copying a va_list Basic Rules for Variable-Length Argument Lists

The main() Function Terminating a Program

The abort() Function The exit() and atexit() Functions The _Exit() Function The quick_exit() and at_quick_exit() Functions

Enhancing Performance

Declaring Functions Inline Using the restrict Keyword The _Noreturn Function Specifier

Designing a Program

The Problem The Analysis The Solution

Summary

Chapter 10: Essential Input and Output

Input and Output Streams Standard Streams Input from the Keyboard

Formatted Keyboard Input Input Format Control Strings Characters in the Input Format String Variations on Floating-Point Input Reading Hexadecimal and Octal Values Reading Characters Using scanf_s() String Input from the Keyboard Single Character Keyboard Input

Output to the Screen

Formatted Output Using printf_s() Escape Sequences Integer Output Outputting Floating-Point Values Character Output

Other Output Functions

Unformatted Output to the Screen Formatted Output to an Array Formatted Input from an Array

Summary

Chapter 11: Structuring Data

Data Structures: Using struct

Defining Structure Types and Structure Variables Accessing Structure Members Unnamed Structures Arrays of Structures Structure Members in Expressions Pointers to Structures Dynamic Memory Allocation for Structures