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Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 The Airport as an Operational System
1.1 The Airport as a System
1.2 National Airport Systems
1.3 The Function of the Airport
1.4 Centralized and Decentralized Passenger Terminal Systems
1.5 The Complexity of the Airport Operation
1.6 Management and Operational Structures
References
2 Airport Peaks and Airline Scheduling
2.1 The Problem
2.2 Methods of Describing Peaking
The Standard Busy Rate
Busy-Hour Rate
Typical Peak-Hour Passengers
Busiest Timetable Hour
Peak Profile Hour
Other Methods
Airport Differences
Nature of Peaks
2.3 Implications of Variations in Volumes
2.4 Factors and Constraints on Airline Scheduling Policies
Utilization and Load Factors
Reliability
Long-Haul Scheduling Windows
Long-Haul Crewing Constraints
Short-Haul Convenience
General Crewing Availability
Aircraft Availability
Marketability
Summer-Winter Variations
Landing-Fee Pricing Policies
2.5 Scheduling Within the Airline
2.6 Fleet Utilization
2.7 IATA Policy on Scheduling
2.8 The Airport Viewpoint on Scheduling
2.9 Hubs
References
3 Airport Noise Control
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Aircraft Noise
Single-Event Measures
Cumulative-Event Measures
3.3 Community Response to Aircraft Noise
3.4 Noise-Control Strategies
Quieter Aircraft
Noise-Preferential Runways
Operational Noise-Abatement Procedures
Runway Operations
Insulation and Land Purchase
3.5 Noise Certification
3.6 Noise-Monitoring Procedures
3.7 Night Curfews
3.8 Noise Compatibility and Land Use
References
Further Reading
4 Airport Influences on Aircraft Performance Characteristics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Aircraft
4.3 Departure Performance
4.4 Approach and Landing Performance
4.5 Safety Considerations
4.6 Automatic Landing
4.7 Operations in Inclement Weather
4.8 Specific Implications of the Airbus A380 (New Large Aircraft)
References
5 Operational Readiness
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Aerodrome Certification
5.3 Operating Constraints
Visibility
Crosswind Effects
Bird-Strike Control
5.4 Operational Areas
Pavement Surface Conditions
5.5 Airfield Inspections
5.6 Maintaining Readiness
Maintenance Management
Preventive Maintenance
Electrical Maintenance
Operational Readiness: Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting
Safety Aspects
Airfield Construction
Conclusion
References
6 Ground Handling
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Passenger Handling
6.3 Ramp Handling
6.4 Aircraft Ramp Servicing
Fault Servicing
Fueling
Wheels and Tires
Ground Power Supply
Deicing and Washing
Cooling/Heating
Other Servicing
Onboard Servicing
Catering
6.5 Ramp Layout
6.6 Departure Control
6.7 Division of Ground Handling Responsibilities
6.8 Control of Ground Handling Efficiency
6.9 General
References
7 Baggage Handling
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Context, History, and Trends
7.3 Baggage-Handling Processes
Overview
Bag Drop
Hold Baggage Screening
Bag Storage
Flight Build and Aircraft Loading
Arrivals Reclaim
Transfer Input
Interterminal Transfers
7.4 Equipment, Systems, and Technologies
Baggage-Handling-System Configurations
Check-in and Bag Drop
Sorting
Hold-Baggage Screening
Bag Storage
Flight Build
Reclaim
7.5 Process and System Design Drivers
Appearance Profiles
Bags per Passenger
Transfer Ratios
Processing Times
7.6 Organization
Staffing
7.7 Management and Performance Metrics
Overall
Baggage System
Arrivals Delivery Performance
References
8 Passenger Terminal Operations
8.1 Functions of the Passenger Terminal
8.2 Terminal Functions
8.3 Philosophies of Terminal Management
8.4 Direct Passenger Services
8.5 Airline-Related Passenger Services
8.6 Airline-Related Operational Functions
Flight Dispatch
Flight Planning
Aircraft Weight and Balance
Takeoff
In Flight
Landing
Balance/Trim
Loading
Flight-Crew Briefing
Flight Watch (Flight Control)
8.7 Governmental Requirements
8.8 Non-Passenger-Related Airport Authority Functions
8.9 Processing Very Important Persons
8.10 Passenger Information Systems
8.11 Space Components and Adjacencies
8.12 Aids to Circulation
8.13 Hubbing Considerations
References
9 Airport Security
9.1 Introduction
9.2 International Civil Aviation Organization Framework of International Regulations
9.3 Annex 17 Standards
9.4 The Structure of Planning for Security
9.5 Airport Security Program
9.6 U.S. Federal Involvement in Aviation Security
9.7 Airport Security Program: U.S. Structure
9.8 Airport Security Planning Outside the United States
9.9 Passenger and Carry-On Baggage Search and Screening
Centralized and Decentralized Screening
Security Screening Checkpoint
9.10 Baggage Search and Screening
9.11 Freight and Cargo Search and Screening
9.12 Access Control Within and Throughout Airport Buildings
9.13 Vehicle Access and Vehicular Identification 279
9.14 Perimeter Control for Operational Areas
Fencing
Access Gates
9.15 Aircraft Isolated Parking Position and Parking Area
9.16 Example of a Security Program for a Typical Airport
Security Program for (Official Name of Airport Goes Here)
9.17 Conclusion
References
10 Cargo Operations
10.1 The Cargo Market
Gross Domestic Product
Cost
Technological Improvements
Miniaturization
Just-in-Time Logistics
Rising Consumer Wealth
Globalization of Trade and Asian Development
Loosening of Regulation
Cargo Types
Patterns of Flow
10.2 Expediting the Movement
10.3 Flow Through the Terminal
10.4 Unit Load Devices (IATA 1992, 2010)
10.5 Handling Within the Terminal
Low Mechanization/High Manpower
Open Mechanized
Fixed Mechanized
10.6 Cargo Apron Operation
10.7 Facilitation (ICAO 2005)
10.8 Examples of Modern Cargo Terminal Design and Operation
10.9 Cargo Operations by the Integrated Carriers
References
11 Aerodrome Technical Services
11.1 The Scope of Technical Services
11.2 Safety Management System
11.3 Air Traffic Control
Fundamental Changes
Function of ATC
International ATC Collaboration
Flight Rules
General Flight Rules
Visual Flight Rules
Instrument Flight Rules
Classes of Airspace
Separation Minima
Operational Structure
Operational Characteristics and Procedures
11.4 Telecommunications
Fixed Services
Mobile Services
Radio Navigation Services
Satellite Navigation
Broadcast Services
11.5 Meteorology
Function
World Area Forecast System
Meteorologic Observations and Reports
Aircraft Observations and Reports
Terminal Airport Forecasts
Significant Weather Forecasts and Charts
Upper-Air Grid-Point Data Forecasts
SIGMETs/AIRMETs
Weather Information Support for General Aviation
Climatologic Information
Services for Operators and Flight Crew Members
Information for ATC, SAR, and AIS
Use of Communication
Trends in Meteorologic Services
11.6 Aeronautical Information
Scope
Urgent Operational Information
Availability of Information
11.7 Summary
References
12 Airport Aircraft Emergencies
12.1 General
12.2 Probability of an Aircraft Accident
12.3 Types of Emergencies
12.4 Level of Protection Required
12.5 Water Supply and Emergency Access Roads
12.6 Communication and Alarm Requirements
12.7 Rescue and Firefighting Vehicles
12.8 Personnel Requirements
12.9 The Airport Emergency Plan
Command
Communications
Coordination
12.10 Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue Procedures
12.11 Foaming of Runways
12.12 Removal of Disabled Aircraft
12.13 Summary
References
13 Airport Access
13.1 Access as Part of the Airport System
13.2 Access Users and Modal Choice
13.3 Access Interaction with Passenger Terminal Operation
Length of Access Time
Reliability of Access Trip
Check-in Procedures
Consequences of Missing a Flight
13.4 Access Modes
Automobile
Taxi
Limousine
Rail
Bus
Dedicated Rail Systems
13.5 In-Town and Other Off-Airport Terminals
13.6 Factors Affecting Access-Mode Choice
13.7 General Conclusions
References
14 Operational Administration and Performance
14.1 Strategic Context
14.2 Tactical Approach to Administration of Airport Operations
14.3 Organizational Considerations
14.4 Managing Operational Performance
Planning for Performance
Operations Program Execution
Operations Program Control
Internal Assessment
External Assessment
Airport Economic Regulatory Oversight
Industry Benchmarking
14.5 Key Success Factors for High-Performance Airport Operations
15 Airport Safety Management Systems
15.1 Safety Management System Framework
Regulatory Framework
ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices
ICAO Annex 14 Aerodromes (Volume 1: Aerodrome Design and Operations )
ICAO’s Stance on the Implementation of a Member State’s Safety Program
15.2 Safety Management Systems and Aerodromes
Introduction of SMSs to Aerodromes
Assessment of the Current Safety Level (Where Are We At Now?)
Acceptable Level of Safety
15.3 SMS Manual
Overview
The Key Elements of an SMS Manual
Policy, Organization, Strategy, and Planning
Risk Management
Safety Assurance
15.4 Implementation
Issues
Guidance and Resources
15.5 Key Success Factors in Airport SMS Implementation
Integration
Communication Technology
References
16 Airport Operations Control Centers
16.1 The Concept of Airport Operations Control Centers
Introduction
Origins to the Present
Management Philosophy
Strategic Significance
Regulatory Requirement for AOCCs
16.2 Airport Operations Control System
AOCS Dynamics
AOCS Users
16.3 The Airport Operations Coordination Function
Purpose
Applications
16.4 Airport Performance-Monitoring Function
Purpose
Application
16.5 Design and Equipment Considerations
Physical Layout
AOCC Systems and Equipment
Ergonomics
16.6 Organizational and Human Resources Considerations
AOCC Management Structure and Reporting Relationships
Staffing and Key Competencies.
16.7 Leading AOCCs
Auckland Airport: A Focus on Customer Service
Beijing Capital International Airport: Tightly Aligned on Best Practices.
Dublin Airport: Real-Time Automated Level-of-Service Measurement.
Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport: Self-Audit and Improvement Plan
Kuala Lumpur International Airport: Monitoring a Network of Airports.
Los Angeles International Airport: Most Recent and Comprehensive
Munich Airport: Direct Impact on Minimum Connecting Times.
Zagreb Airport: Proving the Concept for Small and Medium Airports
16.8 Best Practices in Airport Operations Control Center Implementation (Key Success Factors)
17 The Airport Operations Manual
17.1 The Function of the Airport Operations Manual
17.2 A Format for the Airport Operations Manual
17.3 Distribution of the Manual.
17.4 U.S. Example: Federal Aviation Administration Recommendations on the Airport Certification Manual (FAA 2004)
Suggested Airport Certification Manual: FAA Format
References
18 Sustainable Development and Environmental Capacity of Airports
18.1 Introduction
The Sustainable-Development Challenge
18.2 The Issues
Noise Impacts
Local Air Quality
Airport Carbon Management
Energy
Water Use
The Management of Solid Wastes
Surface and Groundwater Pollution
Adapting to a Changing Climate
Biodiversity
18.3 Environmental Management Systems
18.4 Conclusion
References
Index
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