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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Paediatric Cariology: Management and Myth
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
So Why Should We Restore the Primary Dentition?
The Chronology of the Development of the Dentition
Childhood Fever and Caries Susceptibility
Myths
Calcium Deficiency
Breastfeeding and Teeth?
Do “Soft” Teeth Run in the Family?
Practical Tips
Chapter 2: Diagnosis of Dental Caries
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
The First Visit
Examination
Extra-oral Examination
Intra-oral Examination
Caries Risk Assessment
Previous Disease
Dietary Factors
Social Factors
Fluoride Use and Plaque Control
Medical History
Saliva
Bacteria
Fissure Shape
The Dentist’s Hunch
Risk Categories
The Carious Process
Enamel Caries
Progression of Enamel Caries
Enamel Caries in the Fissures
Caries of the Dentine-Pulp Complex
Cariology in Primary Teeth
Caries Diagnosis
The Caries Diagnostic Examination
Clinical Visual
Radiographs
Adjuncts and Novel Aids to Caries Diagnosis
Magnification
Fibre Optic Transillumination (FOTI)
Temporary Tooth Separation (TTS)
Laser Fluorescence
Electric Caries Meter (ECM)
Recording Caries
Summary
Practical Tips
Further Reading and References
Chapter 3: Treatment Planning and Managing Toothache
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
Pragmatic treatment planning
Problem List
The Stages of a Treatment Plan
Analgesia, Sedation and General Anaesthesia
The Child with Toothache
Reversible or Irreversible Pulpitis?
Caries Risk
Assessing Compliance
Restore or Extract?
Reversible Pulpitis
Irreversible Pulpitis or the Non-Vital Tooth
Restore: Temporise
Balancing and Compensation?
First Permanent Molars
Analgesia and Antibiotics
The Benefit of Drainage
Managing the Child with Active Caries
Stabilisation
The Sequence of Operative Care
Practical Tips
Further Reading
Chapter 4: The Caries Prevention Tool Kit and How to Use it
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
The Caries Prevention Tool Kit
Diet Modification
Fluoride
How does Fluoride Prevent Caries?
Prescribing Fluoride
Fluoride Toothpaste
Fluoride Dose and Caries Reduction
Swallowing and Eating Toothpaste
Caries Risk Assessment and Fluoride Dose
Fluoride Varnish
Fluoride Tablets
Fluoride Mouthwash
Mottling
The Fluoride Future
The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Fluoride Overdose
Fissure Sealants
Monitoring Following Placement
Which Fissure Sealant do I Use?
To Light-cure or Not?
Sealing Over Caries
Enamel Biopsy
Xylitol Chewing Gum
Chlorhexidine Varnish
Community-Based Programmes
The New Dental Team
Multi-Disciplinary Teams
Personalising Preventive Care
Practical Tips
Further Reading
Chapter 5: Intracoronal Restorations for Posterior Primary Teeth
Aims
Outcome
Introduction
Anatomy
Indications for Restoration
Sequential Planning
Cavity Preparation
Moisture Control
Choice of Material and Durability of Restorations
Caries in Primary Posterior Teeth
Useful Instruments for Caries Removal
Pit and Fissure Caries
Approximal Posterior Lesion without Pit and Fissure Caries (Retentive Box)
Approximal Posterior Caries with Pit and Fissure Caries (Class II)
Practical Tips
The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART)
ART Technique
Practical Tips
Minimum Tooth Destruction
The Chemo-Mechanical Removal of Caries
Chemo-Mechanical Caries Removal Technique
Practical Tips For Chemo-Mechanical Caries Removal
Lasers
Air Abrasion
Ozone
Further Reading
Chapter 6: Preformed Crowns Are Easy
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
How are Preformed Metal Crowns Retained?
Indications for Preformed Crowns for Primary Molars
Instruments
Selection of the Crown
Step-by-Step Preparation and Fitting
Step One: Occlusal Reduction
Step Two: Approximal Reduction
Step Three: Peripheral Reduction
Step Four: Try in the Crown
Step Five: The Gingival Contour
Step Six: Cementation
Problem-Solving
Rocking
Canting to One Side
Loss of Space due to Extensive Caries
Loss of Space in the Lower Arch
Loss of Space in the Upper Arch
The Placement of Preformed Crowns with Minimal Preparation
Work Steps for Placing Preformed Crown without Prior Preparation of the Tooth
Advantages of the Minimal Preparation Technique
A Practical Tip to Avoid Aspiration
Practical Tips
Chapter 7: Pulp Therapy in the Primary Dentition
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
Infected and Inflamed Dental Pulp
When is Pulp Therapy Required?
Assessing Inflammation in a Vital Pulp
Indications and Contraindications for Primary Molar Pulp Therapy
The Root Anatomy of Primary Molar Teeth
To Begin …
Pulp Therapy Techniques
Pulp Capping
Primary Molar Pulpotomy
The Ferric Sulphate Vital Pulpotomy
Single-visit vital ferric sulphate pulpotomy technique (Fig 7-10)
The Calcium Hydroxide Pulpotomy
Indications
Technique
Success
Dentine Bridge Formation
Caution
Desensitising Pulpotomy
Indications
Two-stage desensitising pulpotomy technique
Success rate
Pulpectomy
Success rate
Clinical and Radiographic Review
Clinical Review
Radiographic Review
The Formocresol Controversy has Ended
Local Effects
General Effects
Alternatives to Formocresol
Internal Resorption – Is There An Increased Risk Following Pulp Therapy?
Instruments And Medicaments
Medicaments
Ferric sulphate 15% solution
Ledermix™ paste
Practical Tips
References
Chapter 8: Avoiding Extraction of Carious Anterior Primary Teeth
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
Carious Lesions In Primary Anterior Teeth
The Proximal Lesion
Discing
Practical Tips: Discing
Cavity Preparation (Class III)
The Buccal or Labial Lesion (Class V)
Practical Tips
The Circumferential Lesion
Discing Plus Restoration
Composite Crowns
Practical Tips
References
Chapter 9: How to Cheat at Dental Dam
Aim
Outcome
Introduction
Advantages of Dental Dam
Dental Dam Myths
The Bare Essentials
Isolating Anterior Teeth
The Split Dam Technique: Anterior Teeth
The Split Dam Technique: Posterior Teeth
Handy Hints And Shortcuts
Introducing Dental Dam To The Child
Practical Tips
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