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Index
Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics
Contents
Series editors’ introduction
The Introducing Applied Linguistics series
The perspective on applied linguistics in this series
Support to the reader
Reference
Note
1 Introduction
Introduction
The nature of classroom interaction
Control of the interaction
Speech modification
Elicitation techniques
Repair
The IRF exchange structure
Challenges for teachers and learners
Summary
Note
2 Classroom discourse and teaching
Introduction
Classrooms as contexts
Task-based language teaching
Pre-task
Task
Language focus
Interaction and teaching
Direct error correction
Content feedback
Checking for confirmation
Extended wait-time
Scaffolding
Classroom discourse and teacher development
Improving questioning strategies
Making the discourse more communicative
Enhanced interactive decision-making
Dealing with reticence
Summary
3 Classroom discourse and learning
Introduction
Language learning and interaction
Learning as a cognitive activity
Learning as a social process
Learning and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Summary
4 Approaches to studying classroom discourse
Introduction
Recording and transcribing classroom interaction
Recording
Transcription
Interaction analysis approaches
System-based approaches
Teacher talk
Pupil talk
Silence
‘Ad hoc’ approaches
Discourse analysis approaches
Conversation analysis approaches
Summary
5 Alternative approaches to studying classroom discourse
Introduction
Corpus linguistics
Concordancing
Word frequency counts or word lists
Key word analysis
Cluster analysis
Combined approaches
Variable approaches
van Lier (1988)
Jarvis and Robinson (1997)
Kumaravadivelu (1999)
Seedhouse (2004)
Summary
6 Enhancing understandings of classroom discourse
Introduction
The SETT framework: modes
Managerial mode
Materials mode
Skills and systems mode
Classroom context mode
The SETT framework: interactures
Using SETT
Mode switching
Mode side sequences
Summary
7 Classroom discourse as reflective practice
Introduction
The teacher as reflective practitioner
Assumption 1: the research takes place in the classroom
Assumption 2: teacher-researchers reflect and act on what they observe
Assumption 3: understanding emerges through dialogue
Developing reflective practices through SETT
Summary
Note
8 Classroom interactional competence
Introduction
Interactional competence
Classroom interactional competence
Developing CIC in teachers and learners
Summary
9 Conclusions
Classroom discourse: looking back
Classroom discourse: future directions
Task commentaries
Chapter 1
Task 1.1
Task 1.2
Task 1.3
Chapter 2
Task 2.1
Topics
Tasks
Task 2.2
Extract 1
Extract 2
Extract 3
Task 2.3
Chapter 3
Task 3.1
Task 3.2
Chapter 4
Task 4.1
Task 4.2
Task 4.3
Chapter 5
Task 5.1
Task 5.2
Task 5.3
Chapter 6
Task 6.1
Task 6.2
Task 6.3
Task 6.4
Task 6.5
Chapter 7
Task 7.1
Task 7.2
Task 7.3
Task 7.4
Chapter 8
Task 8.1
Task 8.2
Task 8.3
Task 8.4
Task 8.5
Task 8.6
Appendix A
SETT: Self Evaluation of Teacher Talk
Procedure
SETT: Self Evaluation of Teacher Talk
Lesson Cover Sheet
A. Lesson details:
B. Lesson modes identified
C. Self-evaluation of teacher talk
Appendix B
Transcription system
Glossary
Further reading
Books
Journal articles and chapters in books
References
Index
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