Applied Chemistry and Physics by Robert A. Burke -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Author Applied Chemistry and Physics

Applied Chemistry Applied Physics Introduction What Constitutes a Hazardous Materials Incident? When Hazardous Materials Are Present Actors in Hazardous Materials Incidents

Chemicals Incompatible Chemicals Inert Materials Container Damage

Incident Caused Container Damage Post-Incident Container Damage

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion Weather Geography

Applied Chemistry

States of Matter

Solids Liquids Gases Temperature and Pressure Physical State and Chemical Hazards

Periodic Table of Elements

Elements

Into the Atom

Atomic Weight Atomic Number Metals and Nonmetals Element Families

Compounds, Mixtures, Solubility and Miscibility

Chemical Compounds Mixtures Solubility Miscibility

Common and Site-Specific Hazardous Materials Recognition-Primed Decision Model Incident Frequency/Risk Model

High-Frequency, Low-Risk Incidents Low-Frequency, Low-Risk Incidents High-Frequency, High-Risk Incidents Low-Frequency, High-Risk Incidents

Families of Compounds

Salt Families and Hazards Salts—LF/LR Nonsalt Compounds Hydrocarbons—HF/HR Hydrocarbon Naming Systems Hydrocarbon Families Hydrocarbon Derivatives Hydrocarbon Derivative Families Polar Compounds Complex Hydrocarbon Derivative Compounds

Nine DOT Hazard Classes Class 1 Explosives (LF/HR)

DOT Definition of Explosive Forbidden Explosives Explosive Families of Compounds (Figure 3.70)

Inorganic Explosives LF/HR Metal Azides LF/HR Aliphatic Explosive Compounds (Nitro Hydrocarbon Derivatives) LF/HR Aromatic Explosive Compounds Explosive Chemicals Not Considered to Be Explosives Military Explosives

Historic Incidents Involving Common Explosives Homeland Security Monitoring of Ammonium Nitrate Chemical Notebook Categories of Chemical Explosions

Physical Explosion Physical/Chemical Explosion Chemical Explosion Explosives Tetrahedron

Types of Chemical Explosions

Detonation Deflagration Yield vs. Order

Explosive Effects

Phases of Explosions Overpressure Dust Explosion

Historic Dust Explosion Incidents

Chicago, IL August 5, 1897 Grain Elevator Explosion Milwaukee, WI April 22, 1926 Sawdust Explosion Corpus Christi, TX April 7, 1981 Grain Elevator Explosion Bellwood, NE April 7, 1981 Grain Elevator Explosion Nuclear Explosions

Hazard Class 2 Compressed Gases (LF/HR)

Division 2.1 Flammable Gases LF/HR Division 2.2 Nonflammable Gases LF/LR Division 2.3 Poison Gases LF/HR Toxicological Terms Common Class 2 Hazardous Materials

Liquefied Compressed Gases Liquefied Petroleum Gases—LF/HR Class 2 Multiple Hazard Bad Actors

Historic Chlorine Incidents

World War I Usage Henderson, NV, 1991 Sun Bay, FL, 1998 St. Louis, MO, 2002 Atlanta, GA North Carolina, 2003 Glendale, AZ, 2003

Cryogenic Liquids LF/HR

Chemical Notebook

Expansion Ratios Hazards to Responders

Chemical Notebook

Historic Anhydrous Ammonia Incidents

Crete NE February 19, 1969 Derailment and Anhydrous Ammonia Release Tecumseh, NE March 2014 Anhydrous Ammonia Release

Confined Space Gases

Chemical Notebook

Compressed Gas Containers

Containers Cryogenic Containers Tube Banks Bulk Containers

Hazard Class 3 Flammable Liquids (HF/LR)

Chemistry of Fire

Alkyl Halide (Halogenated Hydrocarbons) Ether (Oxide) Amine Ketone Aldehyde Alcohol Ester

Plastics and Polymerization

Polymers Polymer Family Tree Manufacturing Plastics

Combustion Products Hazards to Responders Organic Acid Flammable Liquid Containers Nonpressure/Low-Pressure Rail Cars Fixed Facility Flammable Liquid Bulk Storage Tanks

Cone-Roof Tanks Open Floating Roof Tanks Internal Floating Roof Tank Horizontal Tanks Emergency Response to Ethanol Spills and Fires Crude Oil and Its Response Challenges Propane suspended in oil may have caused railcar explosions

Hazard Class 4 Flammable Solids (LF/LR)

Division 4.1 Flammable Solids—LF/LR

Chemical Notebook

Division 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible—LF/LR

Liquids Solids Chemical Notebook

Phenomenon of Spontaneous Combustion

Chemical Notebook

Division 4.3 Dangerous When Wet—LF/LR

Chemical Notebook

Hazard Class 5 Oxidizers (LF/HR)

Hypergolic Combustion

Hypergolic Propellant Oxidizers Chemical Notebook Chemical Notebook

Division 5.2 Organic Peroxide LF/HR

Chemical Notebook

Containers for Oxidizers

Hazard Class 6 Poisons and Infectious Substances HF/HR

Division 6.1 Poisons

Routes of Exposure Cyanides and Isocyanates Chemical Notebook Sulfur Compounds Chemical Notebook Alkyl Halide Aldehyde Ester Chemical Notebook Organic Acid Chemical Notebook

Military Chemical Agents

Nerve Agents Chemical Notebook

Division 6.2 Infectious Substances LF/LR

Biological Notebook

(WMD) Unit of the FBI developed guidelines for emergency responders.

Pesticides

Signal Word Toxicity Comparison Protective Measures Synthetic Opioids and the Dangers to Emergency Responders Illicit Uses Clandestine Manufacture

Naloxone/Narcan Weapons Grade Narcotic

Protecting Personnel

Chemistry of Clandestine Methamphetamine Drug Labs

Detection Drug Lab Chemicals

Homemade Ammonia

Cleanup Concerns

Class 7 Radioactive (LF/LR)

Types of Radiation Isotopes Radiation Exposure

Chemical Notebook

Uranium Compounds

Chemical Notebook

Radium Compounds

Chemical Notebook

Containers for Radioactive Materials

Hazard Class 8 Corrosive (HF/LR)

Organic Acid

Chemical Notebook

Inorganic Acid

Chemical Notebook

Base Dilution vs. Neutralization Corrosive Containers

Hazard Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials (LF/LR)

Chemical Notebook Batteries Solid Materials

Chemical Notebook

Molten Materials

Applied Physics (Physical Characteristics)

Combustion Analysis

Hydrocarbons

Boiling Point Vapor Pressure Vapor Content Vapor Density Polarity Molecular Weight Branching Sublimation Pyrophoric Materials Volatility Flash Point Flash Point Solids Fire Point Ignition Temperature Relationship of Physical Characteristics Flammable Range or Explosive Limits Specific Gravity Critical Temperature and Pressure Hazards of the “Invisible Force”

Glossary Bibliography Index

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