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Index
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Consultants and Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Dedication
About The Authors
Acknowledgments
Guide to Special Features
Unit I: Foundations for Medical-Surgical Nursing
Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing
National Patient Safety Goals
Protecting Five Million Lives from Harm
Institute of Medicine/Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Core Competencies
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 2: Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Overview
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Cam Categories
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 3: Common Health Problems of Older Adults
Overview
Health Issues for Older Adults in Community-Based Settings
Health Care Issues for Older Adults in Hospitals and Nursing Homes
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 4: Cultural Aspects of Health and Illness
Culture and Cultural Competence
Health and Health Care Disparities
Purnell’s Domains of Culture
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 5: Pain: The Fifth Vital Sign
Overview
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 6: Genetic Concepts for Medical-Surgical Nursing
Genetic Biology
Patterns of Inheritance
Genetic Testing
The Role of the Medical-Surgical Nurse in Genetic Counseling
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 7: Evidence-Based Practice in Medical-Surgical Nursing
Overview
Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-based Practice Improvement (Ebpi) Model
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 8: Rehabilitation Concepts for Chronic and Disabling Health Problems
Overview
Patient-centered Collaborative Care
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 9: End-of-Life Care
Overview of Death and Dying
Signs and Symptoms at End of Life
Postmortem Care
Euthanasia
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit II: Concepts of Emergency Care and Disaster Preparedness
Chapter 10: Concepts of Emergency and Trauma Nursing
The Emergency Department Environment of Care
Staff and Patient Safety Considerations
Scope of Emergency Nursing Practice
Emergency Nursing Principles
Trauma Nursing Principles
Get Ready for The Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 11: Care of Patients with Common Environmental Emergencies
Heat-Related Illnesses
Snakebites
Arthropod Bites and Stings
Lightning Injuries
Cold-Related Injuries
Altitude-Related Illnesses
Drowning
Chapter 12: Concepts of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness
Types of Disasters
Impact of Recent External Disasters
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Event Resolution and Debriefing
Role of Nursing in Community Emergency Preparedness and Response
Psychosocial Response of Survivors to Mass Casualty Events
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Unit III: Management of Patients with Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Imbalances
Chapter 13: Assessment and Care of Patients with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
Homeostasis
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Fluid Balance
Fluid Imbalances
Electrolyte Balance and Imbalances
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 14: Assessment and Care of Patients with Acid-Base Imbalances
Acid-Base Balance
Acid-Base Imbalances
Chapter 15: Infusion Therapy
Overview
Peripheral Intravenous Therapy
Central Intravenous Therapy
Infusion Systems
Nursing Care for Patients Receiving Intravenous Therapy
Complications of Intravenous Therapy
IV Therapy and Care of the Older Adult
Alternative Sites for Infusion
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit IV: Management of Perioperative Patients
Chapter 16: Care of Preoperative Patients
Overview
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 17: Care of Intraoperative Patients
Overview
Chapter 18: Care of Postoperative Patients
Overview
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Concept Overview: Protection
Concept Overview
Protection
Unit V: Problems of Protection: Management of Patients with Problems of the Immune System
Chapter 19: Inflammation and the Immune Response
Overview
Inflammation
Immunity
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 20: Care of Patients with Arthritis and Other Connective Tissue Diseases
Osteoarthritis
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic Sclerosis
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Gout
Other Connective Tissue Diseases
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 21: Care of Patients with HIV Disease and Other Immune Deficiencies
Acquired (Secondary) Immune Deficiencies
Congenital (Primary) Immune Deficiencies
Chapter 22: Care of Patients with Immune Function Excess: Hypersensitivity (Allergy) and Autoimmunity
Hypersensitivities/Allergies
Autoimmunity
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 23: Cancer Development
Pathophysiology
Cancer Development
Cancer Prevention
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 24: Care of Patients with Cancer
General Disease-Related Consequences of Cancer
Cancer Management
Oncologic Emergencies
Chapter 25: Care of Patients with Infection
Overview of the Infectious Process
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Transmission-Based Guidelines
Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infections and Colonizations
Occupational Exposure to Sources of Infection
Problems from Inadequate Antimicrobial Therapy
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Critical Issues: Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Unit VI: Problems of Protection: Management of Patients with Problems of the Skin, Hair, and Nails
Chapter 26: Assessment of the Skin, Hair, and Nails
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 27: Care of Patients with Skin Problems
Minor Skin Irritations
Trauma
Pressure Ulcers
Common Infections
Cutaneous Anthrax
Parasitic Disorders
Common Inflammations
Psoriasis
Benign Tumors
Skin Cancer
Plastic or Reconstructive Surgery
Other Skin Disorders
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the nclex® Examination!
Chapter 28: Care of Patients with Burns
Introduction to the Burn Problem
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Resuscitation Phase of Burn Injury
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Acute Phase of Burn Injury
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Rehabilitative Phase of Burn Injury
Get ready for the nclex® examination!
Concept Overview: Oxygenation and Tissue Perfusion
Concept Overview
Oxygenation and Tissue Perfusion
Unit VII: Problems of Oxygenation: Management of Patients with Problems of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 29: Assessment of the Respiratory System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 30: Care of Patients Requiring Oxygen Therapy or Tracheostomy
Oxygen Therapy
Tracheostomy
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 31: Care of Patients with Noninfectious Upper Respiratory Problems
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Disorders of the Larynx
Other Upper Airway Disorders
Chapter 32: Care of Patients with Noninfectious Lower Respiratory Problems
Chronic Airflow Limitation
Cystic Fibrosis
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Interstitial Pulmonary Diseases
Occupational Pulmonary Disease
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia
Lung Cancer
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready For The Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 33: Care of Patients with Infectious Respiratory Problems
Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses
Disorders of the Oral Pharynx and Tonsils
Disorders of the Larynx and Lungs
Chapter 34: Care of Critically Ill Patients with Respiratory Problems
Pulmonary Embolism
Acute Respiratory Failure
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
The Patient Requiring Intubation and Ventilation
Chest Trauma
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit VIII: Problems of Cardiac Output and Tissue Perfusion: Management of Patients with Problems of the Cardiovascular System
Chapter 35: Assessment of the Cardiovascular System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 36: Care of Patients with Dysrhythmias
Review of Cardiac Conduction System
Electrocardiography
Normal Rhythms
Dysrhythmias
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 37: Care of Patients with Cardiac Problems
Heart Failure
Valvular Heart Disease
Inflammations and Infections
Cardiomyopathy
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 38: Care of Patients with Vascular Problems
Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion
Aneurysms of Central Arteries
Aneurysms of the Peripheral Arteries
Aortic Dissection
Buerger’s Disease
Subclavian Steal
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Raynaud’s Phenomenon/Disease
Peripheral Venous Disease
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 39: Care of Patients with Shock
Overview
Hypovolemic Shock
Sepsis and Septic Shock
Nursing Concept Review
Get ready for the nclex® examination!
Chapter 40: Care of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Pathophysiology
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Unit IX: Problems of Tissue Perfusion: Management of Patients with Problems of the Hematologic System
Chapter 41: Assessment of the Hematologic System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 42: Care of Patients with Hematologic Problems
Red Blood Cell Disorders
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Concept Overview: Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition
Concept Overview
Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition
Unit X: Problems of Mobility, Sensation, and Cognition: Management of Patients with Problems of the Nervous System
Chapter 43: Assessment of the Nervous System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 44: Care of Patients with Problems of the Central Nervous System: The Brain
Headaches
Seizures and Epilepsy
Infections
Parkinson Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease
Huntington Disease
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 45: Care of Patients with Problems of the Central Nervous System: The Spinal Cord
Back Pain
Cervical Neck Pain
Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Cord Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 46: Care of Patients with Problems of the Peripheral Nervous System
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Myasthenia Gravis
Peripheral Nerve Trauma
Restless Legs Syndrome
Diseases of the Cranial Nerves
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 47: Care of Critically Ill Patients with Neurologic Problems
Transient Ischemic Attack and Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit
Stroke (Brain Attack)
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Traumatic Brain Injury
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Brain Tumors
Brain Abscess
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XI: Problems of Sensation: Management of Patients with Problems of the Sensory System
Chapter 48: Assessment of the Eye and Vision
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 49: Care of Patients with Eye and Vision Problems
Eyelid Disorders
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Conjunctival Disorders
Corneal Disorders
Cataract
Glaucoma
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Uveitis
Retinal Disorders
Refractive Errors
Trauma
Ocular Melanoma
Reduced Vision
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 50: Assessment of the Ear and Hearing
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready For The Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 51: Care of Patients with Ear and Hearing Problems
Conditions Affecting the External Ear
Conditions Affecting the Middle Ear
Conditions Affecting the Inner Ear
Hearing Loss
Unit XII: Problems of Mobility: Management of Patients with Problems of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 52: Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Musculoskeletal Changes Associated with Aging
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 53: Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems
Metabolic Bone Diseases
Osteomyelitis
Benign Bone Tumors
Bone Cancer
Disorders of the Hand
Disorders of the Foot
Scoliosis
Progressive Muscular Dystrophies
Nursing Concept Review
Get ready for the nclex® examination!
Chapter 54: Care of Patients with Musculoskeletal Trauma
Fractures
Fractures of Specific Sites
Amputations
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Sports-Related Injuries
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Concept Overview: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Bowel Elimination
Concept Overview
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Bowel Elimination
Unit XIII: Problems of Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination: Management of Patients with Problems of the Gastrointestinal System
Chapter 55: Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Gastrointestinal Changes Associated with Aging
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 56: Care of Patients with Oral Cavity Problems
Stomatitis
Oral Tumors
Disorders Of The Salivary Glands
Chapter 57: Care of Patients with Esophageal Problems
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Hiatal Hernia
Esophageal Tumors
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Esophageal Diverticula
Esophageal Trauma
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready FOR the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 58: Care of Patients with Stomach Disorders
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Gastric Cancer
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 59: Care of Patients with Noninflammatory Intestinal Disorders
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Herniation
Colorectal Cancer
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Intestinal Obstruction
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Abdominal Trauma
Polyps
Hemorrhoids
Malabsorption Syndrome
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 60: Care of Patients with Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders
Acute Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Anal Disorders
Parasitic Infection
Food Poisoning
Nursing Concept Review
Get ready For The NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 61: Care of Patients with Liver Problems
Cirrhosis
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Hepatitis
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Fatty Liver (Steatosis)
Hepatic Abscess
Liver Trauma
Cancer Of The Liver
Liver Transplantation
Nursing Concept Review
Get ready for the nclex® examination!
Chapter 62: Care of Patients with Problems of the Biliary System and Pancreas
Gallbladder Disorders
Pancreatic Disorders
Chapter 63: Care of Patients with Malnutrition and Obesity
Nutrition Standards for Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nutritional Assessment
Malnutrition
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Obesity
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Unit XIV: Problems of Regulation and Metabolism: Management of Patients with Problems of the Endocrine System
Chapter 64: Assessment of the Endocrine System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
Chapter 65: Care of Patients with Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Problems
Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary Gland
Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Hyperaldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 66: Care of Patients with Problems of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Thyroid Disorders
Parathyroid Disorders
Chapter 67: Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Pathophysiology
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Fasting Blood Glucose
Concept Overview: Urinary Elimination
Concept Overview
Urinary Elimination
Unit XV: Problems of Excretion: Management of Patients with Problems of the Renal/Urinary System
Chapter 68: Assessment of the Renal/Urinary System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 69: Care of Patients with Urinary Problems
Infectious Disorders
Noninfectious Disorders
Chapter 70: Care of Patients with Renal Disorders
Congenital Disorders
Obstructive Disorders
Infectious Disorders: Pyelonephritis
Immunologic Kidney Disorders
Degenerative Disorders
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Kidney Trauma
Chapter 71: Care of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
Acute Kidney Injury
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Chronic Kidney Disease
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Concept Overview: Sexuality
Concept Overview
Sexuality
Unit XVI: Problems of Reproduction: Management of Patients with Problems of the Reproductive System
Chapter 72: Assessment of the Reproductive System
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Reproductive Changes Associated with Aging
Assessment Methods
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 73: Care of Patients with Breast Disorders
Benign Breast Disorders
Breast Cancer
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 74: Care of Patients with Gynecologic Problems
Endometriosis
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Vulvovaginitis
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Benign Neoplasms
Gynecologic Cancers
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 75: Care of Male Patients with Reproductive Problems
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Prostate Cancer
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Erectile Dysfunction
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Testicular Cancer
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Other Problems Affecting The Testes And Adjacent Structures
Nursing Concept Review
Get Ready for the Nclex® Examination!
Chapter 76: Care of Patients with Sexually Transmitted Disease
Overview
Infections Associated with Ulcers
Infections of the Epithelial Structures
Other Gynecologic Conditions
Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Bibliography
Appendixes
Appendix A: Do-Not-Use Abbreviations and Symbols
Appendix B: Communication Quick Reference for Spanish-Speaking Patients
Glossary
NCLEX® Examination Challenges—Answer Key
Illustration Credits
Index
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