[Expositor's Bible Commentary 01] • Deuteronomy by Tremper Longman, III -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Contributors Preface Abbreviations Deuteronomy Introduction I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION (PREAMBLE) (1:1–5) II. HISTORICAL RETROSPECT (1:6–4:49)

A. Yahweh’s Past Dealings with Israel (from Horeb to the Jordan River) (1:6–3:29)

1. Events at Horeb (1:6–18)

a. Yahweh Exhorts Israel to Advance toward Canaan (1:6–8) b. Yahweh Commands Moses to Appoint Qualified Leaders (1:9–18)

2. Events at Kadesh Barnea (1:19–46)

a. Israel Arrives at Kadesh Barnea and Sends Out the Spies (1:19–25) b. Israel’s Rebellion against the Lord (1:26–33) c. The Lord’s Judgment on Israel (1:34–40) d. Israel’s Unsuccessful Attempt to Invade Canaan (1:41–46)

3. Israel’s Passage through Edom, Moab, and Ammon without Fighting (2:1–25)

a. Events in the Hill Country of Seir (2:1–8) b. Events in the Territory of Moab (2:9–15) c. Events in the Territory of Ammon (2:16–25)

4. Israel’s Conquest of the Transjordanian Kingdoms (2:26–3:11)

a. Israel’s Conquest of Sihon, King of Heshbon (2:26–37) b. Israel’s Conquest of Og, King of Bashan (3:1–11)

5. The Distribution of the Land in Transjordan (3:12–20)

a. The Division of the Transjordanian Land (3:12–17) b. All Twelve Tribes Must Participate in the Conquest of Canaan (3:18–20)

6. Preparations for the Israelite Invasion of the Land of Canaan (3:21–29)

a. Joshua Needs to Look Forward with the Past in Mind (3:21–22) b. Moses Needs to Rejoice in the Future in Spite of the Past (3:23–29)

B. Moses Exhorts God’s People to Obey God’s Law (4:1–40)

1. Observe God’s Commands: The Extent and Result (4:1–8) 2. The Dangers and Consequences of Idolatry (4:9–31)

a. A Reminder of God’s Revelation at Mount Sinai (4:9–14) b. The Intangible Nature of Israel’s God (4:15–24) c. The Potential Punishment for Covenantal Treachery (Idolatry) (4:25–31)

3. Observe God’s Commands: The Motivation (4:32–40)

C. Internal Matters, Recapitulation, and Transition (4:41–49)

1. The Cities of Refuge (4:41–43) 2. Recapitulation and Preparation (4:44–49)

III. EXPOSITION OF THE COVENANTAL STIPULATIONS (5:1–26:19)

A. General Stipulations of the Covenant (5:1–11:32)

1. The Ten Commandments (5:1–6:3)

a. The Historical Background for and Relevance of these Commandments (5:1–5) b. The Ten Commandments (5:6–21)

i. The preamble (5:6) ii. The First Commandment: Give exclusive allegiance to Yahweh (5:7) iii. The Second Commandment: Allow Yahweh alone to define his image (5:8–10) iv. The Third Commandment: Honor and respect Yahweh (5:11) v. The Fourth Commandment: Celebrate Yahweh’s accomplishments (5:12–15) vi. The Fifth Commandment: Respect Your Parents (5:16) vii. The Sixth Commandment: Guard life (5:17) viii. The Seventh Commandment: Protect the purity of marriage (5:18) ix. The Eighth Commandment: Do not steal (5:19) x. The Ninth Commandment: Do not destroy an honest reputation (5:20) xi. The Tenth Commandment: Do not covet (5:21)

c. The Mediatorial Role of Moses (5:22–6:3)

i. The rehearsal of the theophany (5:22–27) ii. The preparations for the covenantal stipulations (5:28–31) iii. The rationale for this covenant/law (5:32–6:3)

2. Moses Exhorts Israel to Manifest Tangibly Their Love for Yahweh (6:4–25)

a. Yahweh’s Uniqueness and Humanity’s Obligation to Love Him (6:4–9)

i. The focus and essence of allegiance (6:4–5) ii. The internal and generational impact of allegiance (6:6–9)

b. Yahweh Demands That Israel Worship and Obey Him Exclusively (6:10–19) c. Yahweh Demands That Israel Remember Past Divine Activity in Their Behalf (6:20–25)

3. The Blessings and Requirements Occasioned by Yahweh’s Choice of Israel (7:1–26)

a. Destroy the Canaanites from the Land (7:1–6) b. God Has Chosen Israel, Therefore Obey (7:7–11) c. Obey, and God Will Provide Covenantal Blessings (7:12–16) d. God Will Destroy the Canaanites From Before You (7:17–26)

4. The Need for Israel to Depend Totally on Yahweh (8:1–20)

a. Yahweh’s Loving Care for His Covenantal People Should Occasion Wholehearted Obedience (8:1–6) b. Yahweh’s Generous Gift of an Abundant Land Should Occasion Wholehearted Praise (8:7–10) c. Yahweh’s Gracious Provision of Flawless Guidance and Material Prosperity Should Occasion Wholehearted Obedience (8:11–18) d. Israel’s Failure to Live in the Light of All Yahweh Has Done For Them Will Occasion Their Destruction (8:19–20)

5. Moses Warns Israel against Self-righteousness and Rebellion (9:1–10:11)

a. God’s Provision of Victory over the Canaanites Is Totally Unrelated to Israel’s “Righteousness” (9:1–6) b. Israel’s Rebellion and Yahweh’s Forgiveness (9:7–10:11)

i. Israel’s brush with extinction because of rebellion (9:7–24) ii. Yahweh forgives Israel and provides a second revelation of the Ten Commandments (9:25–10:11)

6. Yahweh Deserves and Demands Israel’s Undivided Loyalty (10:12–11:32)

a. The Lord Requires Total Commitment from His Vassals (10:12–11:25)

i. Yahweh demands (and deserves) Israel’s undivided loyalty (10:12–22) ii. God’s deliverance of Israel from Egypt should motivate Israel to be loyal to him (11:1–7) iii. Israel’s enjoyment of the Promised Land is connected to their covenantal obedience (11:8–25)

b. Israel’s Obedience or Treachery Has Far-Reaching Implications (11:26–32)

B. Specific Stipulations of the Covenant (12:1–26:15)

1. The Place and Kind of Worship Yahweh Accepts (12:1–16:17)

a. Being God’s People Demands that Israel Be Totally Distinct in Their Object, Place, and Manner of Worship (12:1–13:18 [19])

i. Worship at the place and in the Way Yahweh prescribes (12:1–32)

(a) Introductory statement (12:1) (b) No God but Yahweh: Destroy idolatrous centers of worship (12:2–4) (c) Demonstrate loyalty to Yahweh alone in every aspect of worship (12:5–28) (d) No God but Yahweh: Do not imitate worship of false gods (12:29–31) (e) Closing statement (12:32 [13:1])

ii. Purge all idolatrous practices (and practitioners) from your midst (13:1–18 [2–19])

b. Daily Implications of Bearing Yahweh’s Name (14:1–21)

i. Mourning practices (14:1–2) ii. The distinction between clean and unclean food (14:3–21)

c. Tribute for Yahweh, the Covenantal Lord (14:22–16:17)

i. Tithes (14:22–29) ii. Sabbatical year—measures to protect the poor (15:1–18) iii. Firstborn animals (15:19–23) iv. Three pilgrimage feasts (16:1–17)

(a) Passover (16:1–8) (b) Feast of Weeks (16:9–12) (c) Feast of Tabernacles (16:13–15) (d) Summary of the pilgrimage feasts (16:16–17)

2. Kingdom Officials (16:18–18:22)

a. Judges and Judicial Procedures (16:18–17:13)

i. The appointment of judges (16:18–20) ii. Guidance for judges (16:21–17:13)

b. Kings (17:14–20) c. Priests and Levites (18:1–8) d. Prophets (18:9–22)

i. Pagan attempts to know or affect the future (18:9–14) ii. Yahweh’s provision of prophets (18:15–22)

3. Laws Delineating the True Administration of Justice (19:1–22:8)

a. Cities of Refuge (19:1–13) b. Boundary Stones (19:14) c. False Witnesses (19:15–21) d. Rules for Warfare (20:1–20) e. Issues of Life and Death (21:1–23)

i. Atonement for unsolved murder (21:1–9) ii. Female prisoners of war (21:10–14) iii. The right of the firstborn (21:15–17) iv. Punishment of rebellious sons (21:18–21) v. Proper treatment of executed criminals (21:22–23)

f. Acts of Justice and Equity (22:1–8)

4. Various Laws of Distinctiveness/Purity (22:9–23:18)

a. Miscellaneous Examples of Distinctiveness (22:9–12) b. Purity in Sexual Conduct (22:13–30 [22:13–23:1]) c. Purity in Public Worship (23:1–8 [2–9]) d. Purity in the Military Camp (Holy War) (23:9–14 [10–15]) e. Purity concerning Escaped Slaves (the Disadvantaged) (23:15–16 [16–17]) f. Purity concerning Cultic Personnel (23:17–18 [18–19])

5. Laws of Interpersonal Relationships (23:19 [20]–25:19)

a. Respect for the Needs and Possessions of Fellow Israelites (23:19 [20]–24:7)

i. Laws on lending (23:19–20[20–21]) ii. Laws on making vows (23:21–23 [22–24]) iii. Law on finding provisions for travels (23:24–25 [25–26]) iv. Law concerning remarriage (24:1–4) v. An Exemption from military service (24:5) vi. Law concerning millstones (24:6) vii. Law concerning kidnapping (24:7)

b. Respect for the Dignity of Others (24:8–25:4)

i. Law concerning leprosy (24:8–9) ii. Laws concerning pledges (24:10–13) iii. Laws concerning proper wages (24:14–15) iv. Law concerning individual responsibility (24:16) v. Justice for the poor (24:17–22) vi. Proper limits for punishment (25:1–3) vii. Respect for animals (25:4)

c. Respect for the Sanctity of Others (25:5–16)

i. Levirate marriage (25:5–10) ii. Stopping a fight (the wrong way) (25:11–12) iii. Honest weights and measures (25:13–16)

d. Dealing with the Amalekites (25:17–19)

6. Ceremonial Fulfillment of the Law (26:1–15)

a. Firstfruits (26:1–11) b. Tithes (26:12–15)

C. Mutual Commitments of Covenantal Renewal (26:16–19)

IV. COVENANTAL BLESSINGS AND CURSES (27:1–29:1 [28:69])

A. The Call for Covenantal Renewal (27:1–26)

1. Instructions for the Covenant-Renewal Ceremony (27:1–13) 2. The Pronouncements of Covenantal Curses (27:14–26)

B. Covenantal Blessings and Curses (28:1–68)

1. Covenantal Blessings (28:1–14) 2. Covenantal Curses (28:15–68)

a. A Basic Statement of the Covenantal Curses (28:15–19) b. An Exposition of the Covenantal Curses (28:20–68)

i. Disease and drought (28:20–24) ii. Defeat and deportation (28:25–37) iii. Agricultural deprivation and political subjugation (28:38–44) iv. Military siege (28:45–57) v. Reversal of covenantal love (28:58–68)

C. Narrative Interlude (29:1 [28:69])

V. THE GROUNDS AND NEED FOR COVENANTAL RENEWAL (29:2 [1]–30:20)

A. Reminder of Yahweh’s Faithfulness and Call to Covenantal Renewal (29:2–29 [1–28])

1. Historical Review (29:2–9 [1–8]) 2. The Significance and Scope of This Covenantal Renewal (29:10–15 [9–14]) 3. The Results of Covenantal Treachery (29:16–28 [15–27])

a. From Moses’ Present Perspective, Looking to the Future (29:16–21 [15–20]) b. From a Distant Future Perspective, Looking Back (29:22–28 [21–27])

4. Live Faithfully in the Light of God’s Revelation (29:29[28])

B. The Potential for Restoration after Repentance (30:1–10) C. The Appeal for Covenantal Obedience (30:11–20)

1. The Accessibility of the Covenant (30:11–14) 2. The Significance of One’s Acceptance or Rejection of the Covenant (30:15–20)

VI. THE CONTINUITY OF THE COVENANT FROM MOSES TO JOSHUA (31:1–34:12)

A. Moses’ Final Arrangements (31:1–29)

1. The Succession by Joshua (31:1–8) 2. Moses Arranges for the Regular Reading of the Law (31:9–13) 3. Final Instructions for Moses and Joshua (31:14–23) 4. The Deposition of the Law as a Witness against the Nation (31:24–29)

B. The Song of Moses (31:30–32:52)

1. Introduction (31:30) 2. Call of Witnesses (32:1–3) 3. Yahweh’s Graciousness and Israel’s Ingratitude (32:4–6) 4. Overview of Yahweh’s Care for His Covenantal Nation (32:7–14) 5. Yahweh’s Indictment against His People (32:15–18) 6. Yahweh’s Determination to Judge Israel (32:19–25) 7. Yahweh’s Reconsideration of Judging His Chosen People (32:26–35) 8. Israel and Yahweh Are Vindicated (32:36–43) 9. Epilogue (32:44–52)

C. The Blessing of Moses on the Israelite Tribes (33:1–29)

1. Introduction and Historical Review (33:1–5) 2. The Blessings on the Tribes (33:6–25)

a. Reuben (33:6) b. Judah (33:7) c. Levi (33:8–11) d. Benjamin (33:12) e. Joseph (33:13–17) f. Zebulun and Issachar (33:18–19) g. Gad (33:20–21) h. Dan (33:22) i. Naphtali (33:23) j. Asher (33:24–25)

3. Conclusion (33:26–29)

D. The Death of Moses (34:1–12)

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