Log In
Or create an account ->
Imperial Library
Home
About
News
Upload
Forum
Help
Login/SignUp
Index
Cover
Half Title
Series Editor
Title
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Immunosensors
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Principles of an Immunosensor
1.2.1 Antibodies and Their Application to Immunosensors
1.2.2 Immunosensor Format
1.3 Architectures of Transducers and Their Potential Applications
1.3.1 Electrochemical Immunosensor
1.3.2 Optical Immunosensors
1.3.3 Piezoelectric Immunosensor
1.3.4 Thermometric Immunosensor
1.4 Conclusions and Future Outlooks
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 2 Structure, Function, Orientation, Characterization and Immobilization of Antibodies for Immunosensor Development
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fundamentals, Structural Feasibility and Functions of Antibodies
2.3 Immunosensor Development Using Antibodies
2.3.1 Monoclonal Antibodies
2.3.2 Polyclonal Antibodies
2.3.3 Chopped/Half-antibodies
2.3.4 Synthetic Antibodies (Aptamers/Imprinted Polymers)
2.4 Strategies Towards Immobilization of Antibodies
2.5 Characterization Techniques
2.6 Label-free and Labeled Immunosensing Techniques
2.6.1 Optical Immunosensor
2.6.2 Piezoelectric Immunosensor
2.6.3 Impedimetric Immunosensor
2.6.4 Thermal Immunosensor
2.7 Recent Developments and Applications
2.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3 Immunosensing With Electro-active Photonic Devices
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Immunosensing with Single-mode, Electro-active, Integrated Optical Waveguides
3.2.1 Methodology
3.2.2 Sample Preparation
3.2.3 Experimental Set-up
3.3 Immunosensing with Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance
3.3.1 Methodology
3.3.2 Sample Preparation and Functionalization Protocol of the EC-SPR Surface with an Immunoassay Targeting an Influenza Virus Antigen
3.3.3 Experimental Set-up
3.4 Results and Discussions
3.4.1 SM-IOW-IOW Results
3.4.2 EC-SPR Results
3.4.3 Comparative Analysis
3.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4 Nanostructure-based Sensitive Electrochemical Immunosensors
4.1 Electrochemical Immunosensors: Structure and Principles of Construction
4.1.1 Construction of an Electrochemical Immunosensor
4.1.2 Electrochemical Immunosensor Detection Mode
4.1.3 Different Strategies for Immobilization of Capture Probes
4.2 Nanostructure-based Materials for Improving the Sensitivity of Electrochemical Immunosensors
4.2.1 Principles for Collections of Nanostructured-based Materials for Electrochemical Immunosensors
4.2.2 Highly Electroactive Surface-based Nanomaterials
4.2.3 Bio-conjugated Nanomaterials for Amplifying an Electrochemical Signal
4.2.4 Magnetoimmunosensors
4.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Rapid and Repeated Measurement of Mite Allergens Using a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Immunosensor
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sensors for Mite Allergen Detection
5.2.1 Established Methods for Mite Allergen Tests
5.2.2 Emerging Mite Allergen Biosensors with Improved Characteristics
5.3 Airborne Mite Allergen Monitoring Systems
5.3.1 Bioaerosol Sampling System
5.3.2 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Immunosensors for Rapid and Repeated Measurement of Mite Allergens
5.4 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 6 Electrochemical Magneto-immunosensors as Fast and Efficient Tools for Point-of-care Diagnostics
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Introduction to POCT
6.2.1 Requirements for POCT
6.2.2 Limitations of Current Diagnostic Methods for Their Application to POCT
6.3 Magnetic Particles (MP) as a Versatile Tool in Analytical Chemistry and Immunoassay Development
6.3.1 Magnetic Particles: Types, Properties, Advantages and Drawbacks
6.3.2 Strategies for MP Immunofunctionalisation
6.3.3 Clues for the Optimisation of a Magneto-immunoassay
6.4 MP in the Development of Electrochemical Magneto-immunosensors
6.4.1 The Advent of Disposable Low-cost Electrodes in the Production of Electrochemical Biosensors
6.4.2 Confinement of the MP onto the WE
6.4.3 Electrochemical Detection of the Magneto-immunoassay
6.5 Simplification, Automation, and Integration of Electrochemical Magneto-immunosensors in LOC Microfluidic Platforms for POC Diagnostics
6.5.1 Simplification of Sample Pre-treatment, Reagent Preparation and Assay Performance
6.5.2 Automation and Multiplexing of the Electrochemical Detection
6.5.3 Use of Paper Microfluidics and Paper Electrodes
6.6 Implementation of Portable Measurement Equipment
6.6.1 Exploiting Standard Portable Electrochemical Measurement Equipment: Glucose Meters, pH Meters and Smartphones
6.6.2 Integration of Portable Measurement Equipment in POC Platforms
6.7 Conclusions and Future Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Immunosensors for Food Allergens: An Overview
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Immunosensors for Food Analysis: Definitions, Principles and Classification
7.3 Allergen Immunoassays
7.3.1 Milk Allergens
7.3.2 Cereal Allergens
7.3.3 Peanut Allergens
7.3.4 Egg Allergens
7.3.5 Fish Allergens and Related Compounds
7.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 8 Graphene Based Immunosensors
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Properties of Graphene with Different Morphologies
8.2.1 Graphene Quantum Dots (QDs)
8.2.2 2D Graphene Sheets
8.2.3 3D Graphene Matrix
8.2.4 Graphene-based Nanocomposites
8.3 Graphene Based Immunosensors
8.3.1 Graphene Based Electrochemical Immunosensors
8.3.2 Graphene Based Photoelectrochemical Immunosensors
8.3.3 Graphene Based Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensors
8.3.4 Graphene Based SPR Immunosensors
8.3.5 Other Types of Immunosensors That Are Graphene Based
8.4 Challenge and Perspective
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 9 Gold-nanoparticles Interface-based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Tumor Biomarkers
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Tumor Biomarkers
9.3 Immunosensors
9.3.1 Electrochemical Immunosensors
9.3.2 Immunosensor Recognition Element
9.4 Gold Nanoparticles
9.4.1 Synthetic Approaches of AuNPs Employed in Electrochemical Immunosensors
9.4.2 Functions and Applications of Gold Nanostructures in Electrochemical Immunosensors
9.5 Electrochemical Analysis of Tumor Biomarkers
9.5.1 Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA)
9.5.2 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
9.5.3 α-Fetoprotein (AFP)
9.5.4 Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125)
9.5.5 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA)
9.5.6 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
9.5.7 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)
9.5.8 Tumor Suppressor Protein (p53)
9.5.9 Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
9.5.10 Protein Kinase
9.6 Conclusion and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10 Nanocomposite-based Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensors
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Biosensors
10.1.2 Components and Constructions of Biosensors
10.1.3 Immunosensors
10.2 Electrochemiluminescence
10.2.1 Electrochemiluminescence: Advantages and Applications
10.2.2 ECL Detection Mechanism
10.3 Nanocomposites
10.4 Nanocomposite-based Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensors
10.4.1 Nanocomposites in Signal Amplification
10.4.2 Nanocomposites as Catalysts
10.4.3 Nanocomposites in Increasing Surface Area
10.4.4 Nanocomposites in Improving Biocompatibility
10.5 Incorporation of Nanocomposites as Electrode Materials
10.5.1 Metallic Nanocomposites
10.5.2 Carbon Nanocomposites
10.5.3 Magnetic Nanocomposites
10.5.4 Quantum Dots Nanocomposites
10.6 Utilization of Nanocomposites as Labeling Materials
10.6.1 Metallic Nanocomposites
10.6.2 Carbon Nanocomposites
10.6.3 Magnetic Nanocomposites
10.6.4 Quantum Dots Nanocomposites
10.7 Typical Set-up of ECL Instruments and Devices
10.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11 Advance Engineered Nanomaterials in Point-of-care Immunosensing for Biomedical Diagnostics
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Transduction Mechanisms
11.2.1 Electrochemical Transducers
11.2.2 Optical Transducers
11.2.3 Mechanical Transducers
11.3 Antibodies: The Bio-receptor in Immunosensors
11.4 Surface Functionalisation Methods
11.5 Nanomaterials for Immunosensing
11.5.1 Metal Nanoparticles
11.5.2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
11.6 Carbon-based Nanomaterials
11.6.1 Carbon Nanotubes: One-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials
11.6.2 Graphene: Two-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials
11.7 Microfluidic Technology in POC Diagnosis
11.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects
11.9 Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 12 Immunosensors Using Screen-printed Electrodes
12.1 Recent Advances in the Fabrication of Screen Printing Technology
12.2 Strategies for the Immobilisation of an Antibody Over Screen-printed Electrodes
12.2.1 Antibody Structure, Functions and Immunoreaction
12.2.2 Immobilisation Techniques Over Screen-printed Electrodes
12.3 Current Screen-printed Electrode-based Immunosensors and Applications
12.3.1 Immunosensors
12.3.2 Immunoreaction Performance
12.3.3 Current Applications of Immunosensors
12.4 Conclusions and Future Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 13 Antibodies Versus Aptamers: A Comparative View
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Antibodies
13.2.1 Background
13.2.2 In Vivo Selection of Antibodies
13.2.3 Application of Antibodies
13.3 Challenges of Antibodies and Their Immunosensor Applications
13.3.1 Issues with Antibody Structure and Production
13.3.2 Issues with Limited Detection Mechanisms
13.4 Aptamers
13.4.1 Background: Conventional In Vitro SELEX Selection
13.4.2 Alternative Selection Strategies
13.4.3 Aptamer Structures and Modes of Binding
13.4.4 Aptamers in Biosensors: Beyond Sandwich and Competitive Assays
13.5 Conclusions and Overall Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 14 Nanoimprinted Immunosensors
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Plasmonic Biosensing
14.2.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Localised Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR)
14.2.2 Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Its Sensing Strategy
14.3 A Review on Recent Studies in Nanostructures Fabricated via NIL Technology for LSPR/SERS Biosensing
14.4 Development of an Au-Capped Nanopillar Structure via Thermal NIL and Its Application in Immunosensing
14.5 Development of a Pressure-free Room-temperature NIL Method and Its Application in Immunosensing
14.6 Development of a LSPR Imaging Platform for Simultaneous Detection Using Nanoimprinted Multiplex Assay Chips
14.7 Conclusion
References
Subject Index
← Prev
Back
Next →
← Prev
Back
Next →