CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide (Paulo De Tarso Alves Silva's Library) by Wallace, Kevin -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

About This eBook Title Page Copyright Page About the Author About the Technical Reviewers Dedication Acknowledgments Contents at a Glance Contents Icons Used in This Book Command Syntax Conventions Introduction

The CCNP ROUTE Exam

Contents of the ROUTE Exam How to Take the ROUTE Exam Who Should Take This Exam and Read This Book Format of the CCNP ROUTE Exam

CCNP ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide

Book Features and Exam Preparation Methods Book Organization

For More Information

Part I: Fundamental Routing Concepts

Chapter 1. Characteristics of Routing Protocols

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Routing Protocol Fundamentals

The Role of Routing in an Enterprise Network Routing Protocol Selection

Scalability Vendor Interoperability IT Staff’s Familiarity with Protocol Speed of Convergence Capability to Perform Summarization Interior or Exterior Routing Routing Protocol Categories

Network Technology Fundamentals

Network Traffic Types

Unicast Broadcast Multicast Anycast

Network Architecture Types

Point-to-Point Network Broadcast Network NBMA

TCP/IP Fundamentals

IP Characteristics

Routing Review Asymmetric Routing Maximum Transmission Unit ICMP Messages

TCP Characteristics

Three-Way Handshake TCP Sliding Window Out-of-Order Delivery

UDP Characteristics

Network Migration Strategies

Routing Protocol Changes IPv6 Migration Spanning Tree Protocol Migration Migration to Easy Virtual Networking

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Definitions of Key Terms

Chapter 2. Remote Site Connectivity

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Remote Connectivity Overview

MPLS-Based Virtual Private Networks Tunnel-Based Virtual Private Networks Hybrid Virtual Private Networks

MPLS VPN

Layer 2 MPLS VPN Layer 3 MPLS VPN

GRE DMVPN Multipoint GRE NHRP IPsec

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Part II: IGP Routing Protocols

Chapter 3. IPv6 Review and RIPng

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting

Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise Prefix Terminology

IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses Assignment

Stateful DHCP for IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration Learning the Prefix/Length and Default Router with NDP Router Advertisements Calculating the Interface ID Using EUI-64 Finding the DNS IP Addresses Using Stateless DHCP Static IPv6 Address Configuration

Survey of IPv6 Addressing

Overview of IPv6 Addressing Unicast IPv6 Addresses

Unique Local IPv6 Addresses Link-local Unicast Addresses IPv6 Unicast Address Summary

Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses Layer 2 Addressing Mapping and Duplicate Address Detection

Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Layer 2 Mapping Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) Inverse Neighbor Discovery

Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Cisco Routers

Configuring Static IPv6 Addresses on Routers Multicast Groups Joined by IPv6 Router Interfaces Connected Routes and Neighbors The IPv6 Neighbor Table Stateless Autoconfiguration

RIP Next Generation (RIPng)

RIPng: Theory and Comparisons to RIPv2 Configuring RIPng Verifying RIPng

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 4. Fundamental EIGRP Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

EIGRP Fundamentals

Configuration Review Verification Review Internals Review

Exchanging Topology Information Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing Table

EIGRP Neighborships

Manipulating EIGRP Hello and Hold Timers

Configuring the Hello/Hold Timers Verifying the Hello/Hold Timers

Preventing Unwanted Neighbors Using Passive Interfaces Controlling Neighborships with Static Configuration

Configuring Static EIGRP Neighbors Caveat When Using EIGRP Static Neighbors

Configuration Settings That Could Prevent Neighbor Relationships

Configuring EIGRP Metric Components (K-values) EIGRP Router ID

Neighborship over WANs

Neighborship on Frame Relay Neighborship on MPLS VPN Neighborship on Metro Ethernet

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 5. Advanced EIGRP Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Building the EIGRP Topology Table

Seeding the EIGRP Topology Table The Content of EIGRP Update Message The EIGRP Update Process WAN Issues for EIGRP Topology Exchange

Split Horizon Default on Frame Relay Multipoint Subinterfaces EIGRP WAN Bandwidth Control

Building the IP Routing Table

Calculating the Metrics: Feasible Distance and Reported Distance EIGRP Metric Tuning

Configuring Bandwidth and Delay Choosing Bandwidth Settings on WAN Subinterfaces Metric Weights (K-values) Offset Lists

Unequal Metric Route Load Sharing

Optimizing EIGRP Convergence

Fast Convergence to Feasible Successors

Successor and Feasible Successor Concepts Verification of Feasible Successors

Converging by Going Active

The Impact of Stub Routers on Query Scope

The Impact of Summary Routes on Query Scope Stuck in Active

Route Filtering

Filtering by Referencing ACLs Filtering by Referencing IP Prefix Lists

IP Prefix List Concepts Samples of Prefix List Matching Using IP Prefix Lists to Filter EIGRP Routes Filtering by Using Route Maps Route Map Concepts Using Route Maps to Filter EIGRP Routes

Route Summarization

Calculating Summary Routes Choosing Where to Summarize Routes Influencing the Choice of Best Route for Summary Routes Suboptimal Forwarding with Summarization Route Summarization Benefits and Trade-offs Configuring EIGRP Route Summarization Auto-summary

Default Routes

Default Routing to the Internet Router Default Routing Configuration with EIGRP

Advertising Static Default Routes with EIGRP Configuring a Default Network

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 6. EIGRP for IPv6 and Named EIGRP

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

EIGRP for IPv6

EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6: Theory and Comparisons Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 Verifying EIGRP for IPv6

Named EIGRP

The Named EIGRP Hierarchical Structure Traditional EIGRP and Named EIGRP Configurations Compared Verifying Named EIGRP

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 7. Fundamental OSPF Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

OSPF Review

OSPF Link-State Concepts OSPF Configuration Review OSPF Verification Review OSPF Feature Summary

OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on LANs

Enabling OSPF Neighbor Discovery on LANs Settings That Must Match for OSPF Neighborship

Optimizing Convergence Using Hello and Dead Timers Using a Unique OSPF Router ID Using the Same IP MTU

OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on WANs

OSPF Network Types OSPF Neighborship over Point-to-Point Links Neighborship over Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces Neighborship on MPLS VPN Neighborship on Metro Ethernet

Virtual Links

Understanding OSPF Virtual Link Concepts Configuring OSPF Virtual Links Verifying the OSPF Virtual Link

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 8. The OSPF Link-State Database

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

LSAs and the OSPF Link-State Database

LSA Type 1: Router LSA LSA Type 2: Network LSA

Background on Designated Routers Type 2 Network LSA Concepts Type 2 LSA show Commands

LSA Type 3: Summary LSA Limiting the Number of LSAs Summary of Internal LSA Types

The Database Exchange Process

OSPF Message and Neighbor State Reference Exchange Without a Designated Router

Discovering a Description of the Neighbor’s LSDB Exchanging the LSAs

Exchange with a Designated Router Flooding Throughout the Area Periodic Flooding

Choosing the Best OSPF Routes

OSPF Metric Calculation for Internal OSPF Routes

Calculating the Cost of Intra-Area Routes Calculating the Cost of Interarea Routes Special Rules Concerning Intra-Area and Interarea Routes on ABRs Metric and SPF Calculations

Metric Tuning

Changing the Reference Bandwidth Setting Bandwidth Configuring Cost Directly

Verifying OSPF Cost Settings

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 9. Advanced OSPF Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Route Filtering

Type 3 LSA Filtering Filtering OSPF Routes Added to the Routing Table

Route Summarization

Manual Summarization at ABRs Manual Summarization at ASBRs

Default Routes and Stub Areas

Domain-Wide Defaults Using the default-information originate Command Stubby Areas

Introducing Stubby Area Types Configuring and Verifying Stubby Areas Configuring and Verifying Totally Stubby Areas The Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA)

OSPF Version 3

OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 Comparison OSPFv3 Traditional Configuration OSPFv3 Address Family Configuration

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Part III: Route Redistribution and Selection

Chapter 10. Route Redistribution

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Route Redistribution Basics

The Need for Route Redistribution Redistribution Concepts and Processes

Redistribution into EIGRP

EIGRP redistribute Command Reference Baseline Configuration for EIGRP Redistribution Examples Configuring EIGRP Redistribution with Default Metric Components Verifying EIGRP Redistribution

Redistribution into OSPF

OSPF redistribute Command Reference Configuring OSPF Redistribution with Minimal Parameters Setting OSPF Metrics on Redistributed Routes LSAs and Metrics for External Type 2 Routes

Determining the Next Hop for Type 2 External Routes—Intra-area Determining the Next Hop for Type 2 External Routes—Interarea

Redistributing into OSPF as E1 Routes A Brief Comparison of E1 and E2 Routes External Routes in NSSAs

Redistribution with Route Maps and Distribute Lists

Overview of Using Route Maps with Redistribution Filtering Redistributed Routes with Route Maps

Configuring Route Filtering with Redistribution Verifying Redistribution Filtering Operations

Setting Metrics When Redistributing

Configuring the Metric Settings Verifying the Metric Settings

Setting the External Route Type Redistribution Filtering with the distribute-list Command

Issues with Multiple Redistribution Points

Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Higher Metrics Preventing Routing Domain Loops with Administrative Distance

EIGRP Default AD Defeats Loop from EIGRP to OSPF to EIGRP EIGRP Default AD Defeats Loop from OSPF to EIGRP to OSPF Setting AD per Route Source for Internal and External Routes

Domain Loop Problems with More Than Two Routing Domains

Using Per-Route Administrative Distance Settings Preventing Domain Loops by Filtering on Subnet While Redistributing Preventing Domain Loops by Filtering on Route Tag Using Distribute Lists

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 11. Route Selection

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Cisco Express Forwarding

Operation of Process Switching Operation of Fast Switching Operation of Cisco Express Forwarding

Policy-Based Routing

Matching the Packet and Setting the Route PBR Configuration Example How the default Keyword Impacts PBR Logic Ordering Additional PBR Functions

Applying PBR to Locally Created Packets Setting IP Precedence PBR with IP SLA

IP Service-Level Agreement

Understanding IP SLA Concepts Configuring and Verifying IP SLA Tracking SLA Operations to Influence Routing

Configuring a Static Route to Track an IP SLA Operation Configuring PBR to Track an IP SLA

VRF-Lite

VRF-Lite Configuration VRF Verification

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Definitions of Key Terms

Part IV: Internet Connectivity

Chapter 12. Fundamentals of Internet Connectivity

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Provider-Assigned IPv4 Addresses

Static IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address Assignment

NAT

Basic NAT

Dynamic NAT Configuration and Verification Static NAT Configuration and Verification

PAT NAT Design Considerations NVI

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 13. Fundamental BGP Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

The Basics of Internet Routing and Addressing

Public IP Address Assignment Internet Route Aggregation The Impact of NAT/PAT Private IPv4 Addresses and Other Special Addresses

Introduction to BGP

BGP Basics BGP ASNs and the AS_SEQ Path Attribute Internal and External BGP Public and Private ASNs

Outbound Routing Toward the Internet

Comparing BGP and Default Routing for Enterprises Single-Homed Dual-Homed

Preferring One Path over Another for All Destinations Choosing One Path over Another Using BGP Partial and Full BGP Updates

Single-Multihomed Dual-Multihomed

External BGP for Enterprises

eBGP Neighbor Configuration Requirements for Forming eBGP Neighborships Issues When Redundancy Exists Between eBGP Neighbors eBGP Multihop Concepts BGP Internals and Verifying eBGP Neighbors

Verifying eBGP Neighbor Status Administratively Controlling Neighbor Status BGP Message Summary

Verifying the BGP Table

The BGP Update Message Examining the BGP Table Viewing Subsets of the BGP Table

Injecting Routes into BGP for Advertisement to the ISPs

Injecting Routes Using the network Command The Effect of auto-summary on the BGP network Command Injecting Routes Using Redistribution

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 14. Advanced BGP Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Internal BGP Between Internet-Connected Routers

Establishing the Need for iBGP with Two Internet-Connected Routers Configuring iBGP Verifying iBGP Examining iBGP BGP Table Entries Understanding Next-Hop Reachability Issues with iBGP

Ensuring That Routes Exist to the Next-Hop Address Using neighbor neighbor-ip next-hop-self to Change the Next-Hop Address

Avoiding Routing Loops When Forwarding Toward the Internet

Using an iBGP Mesh IGP Redistribution and BGP Synchronization

Route Filtering and Clearing BGP Peers

BGP Filtering Overview Inbound and Outbound BGP Filtering on Prefix/Length Clearing BGP Neighbors Displaying the Results of BGP Filtering Peer Groups

BGP Path Attributes and Best-Path Algorithm

BGP Path Attributes Overview of the BGP Best-Path Algorithm Perspectives on the Core Eight Best-Path Steps Memorization Tips for BGP Best Path

Influencing an Enterprise’s Outbound Routes

Influencing BGP Weight

Sample Internetwork Used in the Weight Examples Setting the BGP Administrative Weight Using a Route Map Setting Weight Using the neighbor weight Command

Setting the Local Preference

Sample Internetwork Used in the Local_Pref and AS_Path Length Examples Setting the BGP Local_Pref Using a Route Map

IP Routes Based on BGP Best Paths

Example of a BGP RIB Failure BGP and the maximum-paths Command

Increasing the Length of the AS_Path Using AS_Path Prepend

Influencing an Enterprise’s Inbound Routes with MED

MED Concepts MED Configuration

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choosing Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 15. IPv6 Internet Connectivity

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

IPv6 Internet Connections

Methods of Assigning an IPv6 Address to a Customer Router Manual Configuration of IPv6 Address and Default Route IPv6 Access Control Lists IPv6 Internet Connection Security

BGP Support for IPv6

Multiprotocol BGP Fundamentals IPv6 Routing over an IPv4 BGP Session IPv6 Routing over an IPv6 BGP Session Single IPv4 BGP Session Versus Dual (IPv4 and IPv6) Sessions Filtering IPv6 Routes with Prefix Lists Using Local Preference for IPv6 Path Selection

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Part V: Router and Routing Security

Chapter 16. Fundamental Router Security Concepts

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Elements of a Router Security Policy Access Control Lists

Time-Based ACLs Infrastructure ACLs

Management Plane Security

Secure Shell Versus Telnet Password Encryption

Enable Secret Password Line Password Username Password

Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting SNMP Security NTP Authentication

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Chapter 17. Routing Protocol Authentication

“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics

Authentication Methods

Plain Text Authentication Hashing Authentication Key Chains

EIGRP Authentication

EIGRP for IPv4 Authentication EIGRP for IPv6 Authentication Named EIGRP Authentication

OSPF Authentication

Plain Text OSPFv2 Authentication OSPFv2 MD5 Authentication OSPFv3 Authentication

BGP Authentication

IPv4 BGP Authentication IPv6 BGP Authentication

Exam Preparation Tasks

Planning Practice

Design Review Table Implementation Plan Peer Review Table Create an Implementation Plan Table Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table

Review All the Key Topics Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Define Key Terms

Part VI: Final Preparation

Chapter 18. Final Preparation

Tools for Final Preparation

Exam Engine and Questions on the CD

Install the Exam Engine Activate and Download the Practice Exam Activating Other Exams

Premium Edition The Cisco Learning Network Memory Tables Chapter-Ending Review Tools

Suggested Plan for Final Review/Study

Step 1: Review Key Topics and DIKTA Questions Step 3: Hands-On Practice Step 6: Subnetting Practice Step 7: Use the Exam Engine

Summary

Keep in Touch with Kevin

Part VII: Appendixes

Appendix A. Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17

Appendix B. ROUTE Exam Updates

Always Get the Latest at the Companion Website Technical Content

Appendix C. Conversion Tables

Index CD-Only Appendixes and Glossary

Appendix D. Memory Tables

Chapter 1 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 16 Chapter 17

Appendix E. Memory Tables Answer Key

Chapter 1 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 16 Chapter 17

Appendix F. Completed Planning Practice Tables

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17

Appendix G. Study Planner

Glossary Where are the companion content files? Code Snippets

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