Universal Design for Web Applications · Web Applications That Reach Everyone by Chisholm, Wendy -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Universal Design for Web Applications SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly A Note Regarding Supplemental Files Preface

Audience How to Read This Book A Chapter Breakdown Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

Wendy’s Acknowledgments Matt’s Acknowledgments

1. Introducing Universal Design

Accessible Design: A Story Putting Universal Design to Work

2. Selling It

There Is No “Them” Audience Characteristics

Configurability

Growth Opportunity Legal Liability The Standards

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) The Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite (WAI-ARIA) Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP)

Professionalism Early and Often Summary

3. Metadata

What Is Metadata? Images Keys to Writing Good Text Alternatives

Pictures of Recognizable Objects

Links Graphs Logos Webcams CAPTCHA Image dimensions

Document-Level Metadata

Document type Language and character encoding Titles

Role and State Relationships Link Text

Summary

4. Structure and Design

First Principles

GET and POST Semantics

Headings Links Tables Lists Color

Color Differentiation Color Contrast

CSS Highlights

Liquid Layout Text Size Positioning Images Text Versus Images of Text

What works now Web fonts

Flicker and Patterns Designing for Email Summary

5. Forms

Labels fieldset and legend The accesskey Attribute Tab Order Error Handling

Client Side Server Side

CAPTCHA

The Future of Forms

Summary

6. Tabular Data

Data Table Basics Headings and Data

Caption

Complex Data Tables

Summary Specifying Relationships Between Data and Headings

Specifying relationships—another approach

Readability, Layout, and Design

Color Footnotes and Keys CSS

Padding Column widths Borders

pre

Summary

7. Video and Audio

Web Video: The Early Years

Video and Universal Design Optimizing Web Video

Accessibility in Video

Captioning Your Video Hiring a Captioner Audio Description Accessible Mobile Video

Transcripts and Text Alternatives Summary

8. Scripting

Building on a Solid Foundation

Disappearing (and Reappearing) Acts

Keyboard activation Issues with :hover When the item to activate isn’t an active element When you don’t need an equivalent for :hover Issues with device-specific events

Summary

9. Ajax and WAI-ARIA

Taking Stock of Existing Code

Code That Works Well Universally Code That Can Be Made to Work Universally Code That Needs a Workaround Support in Browsers Support in Assistive Technology Direct Accessibility—WAI-ARIA

Process/mindset Roles States and properties Handling navigation and keyboard support Managing focus Dealing with updates aria-flowto aria-labelledby and aria-describedby Error handling, part 2 Disabling controls Maintaining relationships

Summary

10. Rich Internet Applications

Features of RIAs

Assistive Technology Support for RIAs

Other accessibility APIs

Flex Accessibility Creating the Look: Accessible Custom Components Creating the Feel: Accessible Custom Components Backend Considerations

User-Generated Content Testing Your Code

Microsoft Testing Tools ACTF

AccProbe and aDesigner

Photoshop CS4 and Illustrator CS4

Summary

11. The Process

Universal by Design

Tools and Testing Development Tools

Content management systems (CMSs) Building and managing templates Third-party and user-contributed content Mash-ups, repurposing, and community contributions Training and maintaining

Evaluation Tools and Resources

WAT WAVE 4.0 Firebug W3C validation tools inspect32 Accessibility Probe and Accerciser Browsers System accessibility Screen readers Magnification Testing for mobile People

20 Questions

Question 1. Text alternatives Question 2. Multimedia Question 3. Link and control labels Question 4. Control groups Question 5. Meaningful structure Question 6. Nonsensory operation Question 7. Automatic audio Question 8. Keyboard-only operation Question 9. Bypass blocks Question 10. Page titles Question 11. Language Question 12. Predictable behavior Question 13. Error identification and resolution Question 14. Syntactical and runtime errors Question 15. Change notification Question 16. Timed response Question 17. Moving, blinking, and scrolling Question 18. Auto-update Question 19. Flashing content Question 20. Field testing

Team Structures and Strategies

The one-person team Small teams Larger teams Big organizations and free-for-alls

A. Cross-Reference for Universal Design for Web Applications Index About the Authors Colophon SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly

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