Changing Problem Behavior by O'Heare, James -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

INTRODUCTION

M ANAGING BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROJECTS T HEORETICAL ORIENTATION

CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIOR

I NTRODUCTION B EHAVIOR AND ITS CAUSE O PERANT CONDITIONING

Contingencies Law of effect Contingencies of reinforcement Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Contingencies of punishment Positive punishment Negative punishment Contingencies of extinction Variables influencing effectiveness of reinforcement Contingency Contiguity Reinforcer characteristics Concurrent contingencies Motivating operations Schedules of positive reinforcement Continuous reinforcement Intermittent reinforcement

Problematic features of using aversive stimulation Punishment Aversive stimulation and its side effects

Problematic emotional arousal and conditioning Escape behaviors General response depression and inhibition

R ESPONDENT CONDITIONING

CHAPTER 2: FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT

I NTRODUCTION E XPLANATORY FICTIONS E THICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ASSESSMENT I NTRODUCTION TO THE THREE STAGES OF A FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT C ONTINGENCIES AND CONTINGENCY STATEMENTS

The contingency statement Antecedent–behavior contingency Behavior–consequence contingency

F UNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT STAGES

Informant interview Direct observation Quantifying behavior

Why track the behavior? What behavior to track?—The behavior of concern What property of the behavior to measure? Establishing a baseline Graphing the behavior

Functional analysis

Reversal design Alternating treatment design Functional analysis of antecedent–behavior contingency Functional analysis of behavior–consequence contingency Guidelines for performing a functional analysis

E NDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS REINFORCEMENT F INAL NOTE ON FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS S UMMARY

CHAPTER 3: INTERVENTION

I NTRODUCTION G ENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROGRAMS

G ENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROGRAMS

Make the behavior irrelevant Make the behavior inefficient Make the behavior ineffective

Failure to trend toward objectives Summary

A NTECEDENT CONTROL PROCEDURES

Discriminative stimulus control Antecedent control of function-altering stimuli Emotional arousal and behavior change procedures Respondent conditioning–based principles and techniques Habituation Respondent extinction Counterconditioning Systematic desensitization

Relaxation Hierarchy of stimulus intensity Graded exposure

P OSTCEDENT CONTROL PROCEDURES

Differential reinforcement Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior Differential reinforcement of other behavior Differential reinforcement of low rate behavior Choosing between DRI, DRA and DRO Shaping: differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a terminal behavior

Shaping procedure Determine form of terminal target behavior Determine conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers Determine approximations Implement shaping program When target behavior is achieved, establish a cue Maintenance Shaping tips

P RODUCING A BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROGRAM DOCUMENT

CHAPTER 4: MAINTENANCE

W ORKING TOWARD MAINTENANCE

S UMMARY

APPENDIX 1. BEHAVIOR CHANGE PROJECT MANAGEMENT STEPS RESOURCES REFERENCES