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Index
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Toxicology in Antiquity
List of Contributors
Foreword
References
Preface to the Series and Volumes 1 and 2
Chapter 1. Toxicology in Ancient Egypt
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Snakes as Described in the Brooklyn Papyrus
1.3 Scorpions
1.4 Tetanus
1.5 Plant and Mineral Toxins
References
Chapter 2. The Death of Cleopatra: Suicide by Snakebite or Poisoned by Her Enemies?
2.1 Cleopatra’s Ancestry and Historical Background of the Era
2.2 Cleopatra’s Reign. Her Downfall and Her Death
2.3 Epilogue
References
Chapter 3. Mithridates of Pontus and His Universal Antidote
3.1 Influences
3.2 Pharmacological and Toxic Riches
3.3 Avoiding Assassination by Poison
3.4 The Secret Antidote
3.5 Mithridatium’s Legacy
References
Chapter 4. Theriaca Magna: The Glorious Cure-All Remedy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theriac in Antiquity
4.3 Theriac in the Medieval Period
4.4 Theriac in the Renaissance
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Nicander, Thêriaka, and Alexipharmaka: Venoms, Poisons, and Literature
5.1 The Thêriaka
5.2 The Alexipharmaka
5.3 The Nicandrean Question
5.4 Ancient Toxicology
5.5 Venoms, Poisons, and Art
Reference
Chapter 6. Alexander the Great: A Questionable Death
6.1 Alexander’s Last Days
6.2 Modern Theories of Natural Causes
6.3 Modern Theories of Poisoning
6.4 The Styx River Poison Plot
References
Chapter 7. Harmful Botanicals
7.1 Classical Toxicology
7.2 Sources and Data
7.3 Analysis
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. The Case Against Socrates and His Execution
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Historical Literature
8.3 Hemlock in Ancient Scientific Literature
8.4 Modern Pharmacological Analysis
8.5 Toward a Renewed Interpretation
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. The Oracle at Delphi: The Pythia and the Pneuma, Intoxicating Gas Finds, and Hypotheses
References
Recommended Reading
Chapter 10. The Ancient Gates to Hell and Their Relevance to Geogenic CO2
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Why Enter the Realm of the Shadows?
10.3 The Geologic Background
10.4 The Physicochemical Properties of CO2
10.5 The Biological, Medical, and Physiological Background
10.6 Actual Gas Concentrations Around and Within Gates to Hell
10.7 The Known Sites of Ancient Gates to Hell
10.8 The Historical Relevance
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 11. Lead Poisoning and the Downfall of Rome: Reality or Myth?
11.1 The Lead Industry in Ancient Rome
11.2 Human Effects of Lead
11.3 Clinical Picture of Lead Toxicity [9]
11.4 Archaeological Determination of Lead Toxicity
11.5 Occurrence of Lead Toxicity
11.6 Discussion
References
Recommended Reading
Chapter 12. Poisons, Poisoners, and Poisoning in Ancient Rome
12.1 Sources
12.2 Poisons
12.3 Poisons Used
12.4 Incidents of Poisoning During the Roman Republic
12.5 Poisoners and Incidents of Poisoning During the Empire
12.6 Conclusion
References
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