Sources of Japanese Tradition by Bary, Wm. Theodore de -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half title Introduction to Asian Civilizations Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Explanatory Note Chronology List of Contributors Part IV. The Tokugawa Peace

Chapter 20. Ieyasu and the Founding of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Code for the Warrior Households Code for the Imperial Court and Court Nobility Ieyasu’s Revenge and Compassion Tales from Mikawa Account of Tokugawa Letter from Honda Masazumi and Konchiin Sūden to Katagiri Katsumoto Letter from Toyotomi Hideyori to Shimazu Iehisa The Reasons for Ieyasu’s Frugality A Story Illustrating Ieyasu’s Frugality Letter from Konchiin Sūden The Story of the Miike Sword The Reign of Emperor Go-Daigo

Chapter 21. Confucianism in the Early Tokugawa Period

Fujiwara Seika and the Rise of Neo-Confucianism ‘‘The Four Landscapes Are Mine’’ Letter to the Korean Scholar Kang Hang Fujiwara Seika’s New/Old Learning Letter to the Head of Annam The Meeting of Minds Teachings of Zhu Xi Brought to Japan Digest of the Great Learning Hayashi Razan On Meeting with Ieyasu The Investigation of Things The Sagely Ideal Versus Practical Compromise Responses to Questions by Ieyasu ‘‘The Three Virtues’’ The Later History of the Hayashi Family School The Way of Heaven The Learning of the Mind-and-Heart and the Five Human Relationships The Way of Heaven Principles of Human Nature, in Vernacular Japanese

Chapter 22. The Spread of Neo-Confucianism in Japan

Yamazaki Ansai and Zhu Xi Studies Reverence and Rightness (Duty) Lecture Concerning the Chapters on the Divine Age Anecdotes Concerning Yamazaki Ansai A Question of Loyalties Yamazaki Ansai and His Three Pleasures Asami Keisai Treatise on the Concept of the Middle Kingdom Satō Naokata Collected Arguments on the Concept of the Middle Kingdom The Mito School Tokugawa Tsunaeda Preface to the History of Great Japan Asaka Tanpaku Appraisal [Appended] to the Chronology of Emperor Go-Daigo Kaibara Ekken: Human Nature and the Study of Nature Elementary Learning for Children Record of Great Doubts The Ōyōmei (Wang Yangming) School in Japan Nakae Tōju Control of the Mind Is True Learning Dialogue with an Old Man The Divine Light in the Mind The Supreme Lord and God of Life Kumazawa Banzan: Confucian Practice in Seventeenth-Century Japan The Way and Methods The Categories of Morality The Transmission of the Way to Japan in Early Antiquity Buddhism Deforestation The Relevance of Ritual to Modern Times The Economy Questions on the Great Learning Nakae Tōju’s Successors in the Ōyōmei School Fuchi Kōzan Innate Knowledge (Filiality) as the Essential Life Force Miwa Shissai Everyday Method of the Mind Regarding Wang Yangming’s ‘‘Four Maxims’’

Chapter 23. The Evangelic Furnace: Japan’s First Encounter with the West

European Documents A Christian Critique of Shinto A Summary of the Errors in Which the Heathen of Japan Live and of Some Heathen Sects on Which They Principally Rely Alexandro Valignano’s Japanese Mission Policy Summary of Japanese Matters A Jesuit Priest’s Observations of Women Jesus Maria Japanese Documents The Anti-Christian Edicts of Toyotomi Hideyoshi Notice Decree Letter to the Viceroy of India Statement on the Expulsion of the Bateren Fabian Fucan Pro and Contra The Myōtei Dialogue Deus Destroyed A Buddhist Refutation of Christianity Christians Demolished: Tract and Glosses

Chapter 24. Confucian Revisionists

Fundamentalism and Revisionism in the Critique of Neo-Confucianism Yamaga Sokō and the Civilizing of the Samurai Preface to the Elementary Learning for Samurai The Way of the Samurai Short Preface to the Essential Teachings of the Sages Essential Teachings of the Sages An Autobiography in Exile Itō Jinsai’s School of Ancient Meanings The Meaning of Terms in the Analects and Mencius Ogyū Sorai and the Return to the Classics The Confucian Way as a Way of Government Distortion of the Way Through Ignorance of the Past Distinguishing Terms Conclusion to Discourses on Government For a Merit System in Government Settlement on the Land Muro Kyūsō’s Defense of Neo-Confucianism In Defense of Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism Economics and Traditional Values The People Should Be as Heaven to the King

Chapter 25. Varieties of Neo-Confucian Education

Principles of Education Yamazaki Ansai Preface to the Collected Commentaries on Zhu Xi’s Regulations of the White Deer Grotto Academy Regulations of the White Deer Grotto Academy Kaibara Ekken Precepts for Daily Life in Japan ‘‘The Great Learning for Women’’ The Shizutani School Regulations of the Shizutani School The Merchant Academy of Kaitokudō Lecture on the Early Chapters of the Analects and Mencius Items of Understanding, Items of Understanding, Ogyū Sorai’s Approach to Learning Learning Principles Hirose Tansō’s School System Roundabout Words

Chapter 26. Popular Instruction

Ishida Baigan’s Learning of the Mind and the Way of the Merchant City and Country Dialogues The House Codes of Tokugawa Merchant Families The Testament of Shimai Sōshitsu The Code of the Okaya House Ihara Saikaku The Japanese Family Storehouse Mitsui Takafusa Some Observations About Merchants Muro Kyūsō The General Sense of the Extended Meaning of the Six Precepts Hosoi Heishū Sermon, December 14, How to Behave at Temple Schools Precepts for the Young

Chapter 27. The Vocabulary of Japanese Aesthetics III

Chikamatsu Monzaemon On Realism in Art Yosaku from Tanba

Chapter 28. Haiku and the Democracy of Poetry as a Popular Art

Matsuo Bashō The Rustic Gate Kyorai’s Conversations with Bashō Issa

Chapter 29. ‘‘Dutch Learning’’

Engelbert Kaempfer Account of Visits to Edo Sugita Genpaku The Beginnings of Dutch Learning Ōtsuki Gentaku Misunderstandings About the Dutch Shiba Kōkan Discussing Western Painting

Chapter 30. Eighteenth-Century Rationalism

Arai Hakuseki’s Confucian Perspective on Government and Society The Function of Rites The Evolution of Japanese History Views on the Course of History Hakuseki’s View of Christianity and the West Tidings of the West Hakuseki’s Approach to Fiscal Policy and Trade Musings by a Brushwood Fire Tominaga Nakamoto’s Historical Relativism Testament of an Old Man Discourses After Emerging from Meditation Andō Shōeki’s Ecological Community The Natural Way of True Self-Operation Miura Baien’s Search for a New Logic ‘‘The Origin of Price’’ Deep Words Baien’s System of ‘‘Logic’’ Space and Time Heaven-and-Earth Is the Teacher Jōri and Science Kaiho Seiryō and the Laws of Economics The Law of the Universe: Commodities Transactions

Chapter 31. The Way of the Warrior II

The Debate over the Akō Vendetta Okado Denpachirō Memorandum Religious Nuances of the Akō Case Hayashi Razan ‘‘Loyal Retainers and Righteous Warriors’’ Hayashi Hōkō ‘‘On Revenge’’ Muro Kyūsō Preface to Records of the Righteous Men of Akō Domain Ogyū Sorai ‘‘Essay on the Forty-seven Samurai’’ Satō Naokata Notes on the Forty-six Men Asami Keisai ‘‘Essay on the Forty-six Samurai’’ Dazai Shundai ‘‘Essay on the Forty-six Samurai of Akō Domain’’ Goi Ranshū Refutation of Dazai Shundai’s ‘‘Essay on the Forty-six Samurai of Akō Domain’’ Fukuzawa Yukichi An Encouragement of Learning The Akō Vendetta Dramatized The Treasury of Loyal Retainers Hagakure and the Way of the Samurai In the Shadow of Leaves

Chapter 32. The National Learning Schools

Kada no Azumamaro Petition for the Establishment of a School of National Learning Kamo no Mabuchi Inquiry into the Idea of Poetry Inquiry into the Idea of the Nation Motoori Norinaga Precious Comb-box ‘‘First Steps into the Mountains’’ Love and Poetry Personal Views of Poetry Poetry and mono no aware A Little Boat Breaking a Path Through the Reeds Good and Evil in The Tale of Genji The Exquisite Comb Hirata Atsutane On Japanese Learning The Land of the Gods The Creator God Ancient Japanese Ethics The Art of Medicine Ōkuni Takamasa The New True International Law

Chapter 33. Buddhism in the Tokugawa Period

Suzuki Shōsan Right Action for All Takuan Sōhō Marvelous Power of Immovable Wisdom Bankei Opening of the Sermons Hakuin Ekaku My Old Tea Kettle Jiun Sonja Sermons on the Precepts and Monastic Life

Chapter 34. Orthodoxy, Protest, and Local Reform

The Prohibition of Heterodox Studies The Kansei Edict The Justification for the Kansei Edict The Later Wang Yangming (Ōyōmei) School Satō Issai Attentiveness to One’s Intentions Articulating One’s Resolve Ōshio Heihachirō Ōshio’s Protest Innate Knowledge and the Spiritual Radiance of the Sun Goddess Notes on ‘‘Cleansing the Mind’’ Agrarian Reform and Cooperative Planning Ninomiya Sontoku The Repayment of Virtue The Practice of Repayment The Way of Nature The ‘‘Pill’’ of the Three Religions Society for Returning Virtue

Chapter 35. Forerunners of the Restoration

Rai Sanyō and Yamagata Daini: Loyalism Rai Sanyō’s Unofficial History Unofficial History of Japan Yamagata Daini’s New Thesis Master Ryū’s New Thesis Honda Toshiaki: Ambitions for Japan A Secret Plan of Government Satō Nobuhiro: Totalitarian Nationalism Preface to The Essence of Economics Questions and Answers Concerning Restoration of the Ancient Order The Population Problem Total Government Essays on Creation and Cultivation Confidential Plan of World Unification

Chapter 36. The Debate over Seclusion and Restoration

The Later Mito School Aizawa Seishisai: ‘‘Revere the Emperor, Repel the Barbarian’’ ‘‘New Theses’’ The Opening of Japan from Within Sakuma Shōzan: Eastern Ethics and Western Science Reflections on My Errors Yokoi Shōnan: Opening the Country for the Common Good Three Theses on State Policy Yoshida Shōin: Death-Defying Heroism On Leadership On Being Direct Arms and Learning Facing Death Selfishness and Heroism Fukuzawa Yukichi: Pioneer of Westernization The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi Reform Proposals of Sakamoto Ryōma, Saigō Takamori, and Ōkubo Toshimichi Sakamoto Ryōma: Eight-Point Proposal Letterfrom Saigō Takamori and Ōkubo Toshimichi on the Imperial Restoration

Part V. Japan, Asia, and the West

Chapter 37. The Meiji Restoration

Edict to Subjugate the Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu Letter of Resignation of the Last Shogun Edict to Foreign Diplomats The Charter Oath The Constitution of The Abolition of Feudalism and the Centralization of the Meiji State Memorial on the Proposal to Return the Registers Imperial Rescript on the Abolition of the han The Leaders and Their Vision The Iwakura Mission Kido Takayoshi’s Observations of Education in the United States Kido on the Need for Constitutional Government Kume Kunitake’s Assessment of European Wealth and Power Kido’s Observations on Returning from the West Consequences of the Iwakura Mission: Saigō and Ōkubo on Korea Letters from Saigō Takamori to Itagaki Taisuke on the Korean Question Ōkubo Toshimichi’s Reasons for Opposing the Korean Expedition The Meiji Emperor Letter from the Meiji Emperor to His People Comments from the Imperial Progress of A Glimpse of the Meiji Emperor in 1872 by Takashima Tomonosuke Charles Lanman’s Description of the Meiji Emperor in The Meiji Emperor’s Conversation with Hijikata Hisamoto on the Outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War A Poem by the Meiji Emperor on the Eve of the Russo-Japanese War

Chapter 38. Civilization and Enlightenment

Fukuzawa Yukichi Fukuzawa Yukichi’s View of Civilization An Outline of a Theory of Civilization An Encouragement of Learning Enlightenment Thinkers of the Meirokusha: On Marriage Mori Arinori On Wives and Concubines Katō Hiroyuki Abuses of Equal Rights for Men and Women Fukuzawa Yukichi The Equal Numbers of Men and Women Sakatani Shiroshi On Concubines Tsuda Mamichi Distinguishing the Equal Rights of Husbands and Wives Nakamura Masanao: China Should Not Be Despised Japan’s Debt to China

Chapter 39. Popular Rights and Constitutionalism

Debating a National Assembly, 1873–1875 Itagaki Taisuke Memorial on the Establishment of a Representative Assembly Nakamura Masanao On Changing the Character of the People Representative Assemblies and National Progress, February 1879 Editorial from Chōya shinbun Defining the Constitutional State, 1876–1883 Itō Hirobumi Memorial on Constitutional Government Ōkuma Shigenobu Memorial on a National Assembly Chiba Takasaburō ‘‘The Way of the King’’ Nakae Chōmin A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government The Emergence of Political Parties Itagaki Taisuke ‘‘On Liberty’’ Fukuchi Gen’ichirō Teiseitō Platform Ōkuma Shigenobu To Members of the Kaishintō Ozaki Yukio Factions and Parties Bestowing the Constitution on the People, 1884–1889 Itō Hirobumi Reminiscences of the Drafting of the New Constitution Controlling the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement Fukuda Hideko My Life Thus Far Newspaper Accounts of Arrests Under the Peace Preservation Law The Meiji Constitution The Constitution of the Empire of Japan Ubukata Toshirō ‘‘The Promulgation of the Constitution’’

Chapter 40. Education in Meiji Japan

Views in the Early Meiji Period Iwakura Tomomi and Aristocratic Education ‘‘Admonitions to Court Nobles’’ ‘‘Further Admonitions’’ Kido Takayoshi and Itō Hirobumi on Universal Education Kido Takayoshi: Draft Memorial for the Immediate Promotion of Universal Education Itō Hirobumi: ‘‘Principles of National Policy’’ Fukuzawa Yukichi and Education An Encouragement of Learning The First Meiji School System Preamble to the Fundamental Code of Education The Confucian Critique Motoda Eifu and Emperor-Centered Education Great Principles of Education Tani Tateki’s Critique of the West Opinion on Reform of Army Pension Law Nakamura Masanao’s Synthesis of East and West ‘‘Past–Present, East–West: One Morality’’ Mori Arinori and the Later Meiji School System ‘‘Essentials of Educational Administration’’ Military-Style Physical Training Inoue Kowashi and Patriotic Training Public Education and the National Substance ‘‘Plan to Defend the National Interest’’ The Imperial Rescript on Education The Opening The Extended Meaning of the Rescript Teachers and Reform from Below ‘‘Reducing Interference in Textbook Selection’’ State Control over Textbooks Kikuchi Dairoku and the Textbook Scandal of Japanese Education The Education of Women in the Meiji Period Progress of Female Education in Meiji

Chapter 41. Nationalism and Pan-Asianism

State Shinto The Unity of Rites and Rule The Idea of Shinto as a National Teaching Memorial The Divinity of the Emperor From Article 3 of the Meiji Constitution Katō Genchi: ‘‘Mikadoism’’ The Patriotic Meaning of Shrines ‘‘A Policy for the Unification of the National Faith’’ State Shinto in the Colonies of Imperial Japan On the Refusal to Worship at Shrines The Emperor’s Renunciation of His Divinity Tokutomi Sohō: A Japanese Nationalist’s View of the West and Asia The Early Meiji Vision On Wealth and Power Youth and Revolution On Economic Versus Military Power Advocate of Freedom and People’s Rights Nationalism Supporting the Imperial State and Military Expansion Rejoicing over Victory in the Sino-Japanese War Resentment Resulting from the Triple Intervention Support for the Imperial State, Criticism of Taishō Society Worship of the Imperial House Rejecting the West and Withdrawing from the League of Nations Justification for the China War American–Japanese Relations in 1941 Comments on the Imperial Rescript for War with Great Britain and the United States Analyzing Defeat Final Assessment Okakura Kakuzō: Aesthetic Pan-Asianism The Ideals of the East Tea, the Cup of Humanity Yanagi Muneyoshi and the Kwanghwa Gate in Seoul, Korea For a Korean Architecture About to Be Lost

Chapter 42. The High Tide of Prewar Liberalism

Democracy at Home Minobe Tatsukichi: The Legal Foundation for Liberal Government Lectures on the Constitution Yoshino Sakuzō: Democracy as minpon shugi ‘‘On the Meaning of Constitutional Government and the Methods by Which It Can Be Perfected’’ Kawai Eijirō: A Rebuke to the Military Critique of the February 26 Incident Ishibashi Tanzan: A Liberal Business Journalist ‘‘The Fantasy of Greater Japanism’’ ‘‘Before Demanding the Abolition of Racial Discrimination’’ ‘‘The Only Method for Proper Guidance of Thought Is to Allow Absolute Freedom of Speech’’ Kiyosawa Kiyoshi: Why Liberalism? Present-Day Japan Why Liberalism? Ienaga Saburō: The Formation of a Liberal A Historian’s Progress, Step by Step Peaceful Cooperation Abroad Shidehara Kijūrō: Conciliatory Diplomacy A Rapprochement with China Yamamuro Sōbun: Call for a Peaceful Japan Speech

Chapter 43. Socialism and the Left

The Early Socialist Movement Katayama Sen A Summons to the Workers Anarchism Kōtoku Shūsui ‘‘The Change in My Thought’’ (on Universal Suffrage) Kagawa Toyohiko Before the Dawn Socialism and the Left Ōsugi Sakae Autobiography Kaneko Fumiko ‘‘What Made Me Do What I Did?’’ Marxism The Debate About Japanese Capitalism Kawakami Hajime A Letter from Prison Concerning Marxism Yamada Moritarō Analysis of Japanese Capitalism Uno Kōzō The Essence of Capital Marxist Cultural Criticism Tosaka Jun The Japanese Ideology Nakano Shigeharu ‘‘Farewell Before Daybreak’’ ‘‘Imperial Hotel’’ ‘‘The Rate of Exchange’’ The Tenkō Phenomenon Letter to Our Fellow Defendants

Chapter 44. The Rise of Revolutionary Nationalism

Japan and Asia An Anniversary Statement by the Amur Society Agitation by Assassination Asahi Heigo Call for a New ‘‘Restoration’’ The Plight of the Countryside Gondō Seikyō The Gap Between the Privileged Classes and the Commoners Kita Ikki and the Reform Wing of Ultranationalism An Outline Plan for the Reorganization of Japan The Conservative Reaffirmation Fundamentals of Our National Polity Watsuji Tetsurō The Way of the Japanese Subject

Chapter 45. Empire and War

The Impact of World War I: A Conflict Between Defenders and Opponents of the Status Quo Konoe Fumimaro ‘‘Against a Pacifism Centered on England and America’’ A Plan to Occupy Manchuria Ishihara Kanji Personal Opinion on the Manchuria–Mongolia Problem The Economic Need for Expansion Hashimoto Kingorō Addresses to Young Men Konoe Fumimaro Radio Address National Mobilization Army Ministry On the Basic Meaning of National Defense and Its Intensification Konoe Fumimaro Concerning the New National Structure The Imperial Rule Assistance Association Confronting the Crisis Spiritual Mobilization Ministry of Education The Way of Subjects Economic Mobilization Ryū Shintarō Japan’s Economic Reorganization The Greater East Asia War Arita Hachirō The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere The Decision for War with the United States Statement by Prime Minister Tōjō Hideki Statement by Foreign Minister Tōgō Shigenori on Japanese–American Negotiations Statement by Privy Council President Hara Yoshimichi Concluding Remarks by Prime Minister Tōjō Hideki The War’s Goals Draft of Basic Plan for Establishment of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere The Greater East Asia Conference Inaugural Address to the Greater East Asia Conference Defeat Imperial Rescript on Surrender

Part VI. Postwar Japan

Chapter 46. The Occupation Years, 1945–1952

Potsdam Declaration Initial Official Policies, American and Japanese Initial U.S. Policy for Postsurrender Japan: Required Reforms General MacArthur’s Statement to the Japanese Government Revised Report to the Diet and People by the Shidehara Cabinet A New Basic Document: The 1947 Constitution The New Constitution Introducing a New Civil Code The Revised Civil Code The Revised Family Registration Law The New Educational System The School Education Act The Fundamental Law of Education Labor Unions The Labor Standards Law Rural Land Reform Rural Land Reform Directive Views of Yoshida Shigeru Economic Stabilization and Reconstruction Postwar Reconstruction of the Japanese Economy Japan’s First White Paper on the Economy Revised U.S. Policy for Occupied Japan Reconstructing Japan as a Nation of Peace and Culture Morito Tatsuo ‘‘The Construction of a Peaceful Nation’’ Yokota Kisaburō On Peace Regaining Sovereignty in a Bipolar World Negotiating a Formal Peace Settlement Treaty of Peace Between the Allied Powers and Japan Bilateral Security Treaty Between the United States of America and Japan Some Japanese Views of the War Kurihara Sadako A Dissident Poet’s Critique of War Ōe Kenzaburō Growing Up During the Occupation Tanaka Kōtarō In Search of Truth and Peace

Chapter 47. Democracy and High Growth

The Movement Against the Separate Treaty and the U.S.–Japan Military Alliance Declaration of the Peace Problems Discussion Group on Questions Surrounding an Agreement on Peace Nakasone Yasuhiro: A Critical View of the Postwar Constitution The ‘‘MacArthur’’ Constitution The Government’s View of the Economy in 1956: ‘‘The ‘postwar’ is over’’ Declaration of the Director of the Economic Planning Agency on the Occasion of the Publication of the White Paper on the Economy The Transformation of the Postwar Monarchy The Emperor System of the Masses Two Views of the Security Treaty Crisis of 1960 Maruyama Masao ‘‘8/15 and 5/19’’ Yoshimoto Takaaki ‘‘The End of a Fictitious System’’ The Consumer Revolution in Postwar Japan, 1960 The Economic Planning Agency’s White Paper on the People’s Livelihood The Economic Planning Agency’s New Long-Range Economic Plan of Japan, 1961–1970 The Income-Doubling Plan Environmental Activism in Postwar Japan: Minamata Disease We Citizens: Sit-in Strike Declaration Bulldozing the Archipelago: The Politics of Economic Growth Epilogue of Building a New Japan The Philosophy of Japanese Labor Management in the High-Growth Era Twenty Years of Labor Management The Japanese Middle Class at the End of the Twentieth Century ‘‘Farewell, Mainstream Consciousness!’’

Part VII. Aspects of the Modern Experience

Chapter 48. The New Religions

Kurozumikyō Sacred Texts Tenrikyō The Tip of the Writing Brush Songs for the Service The Divine Directions Ōmoto Deguchi Nao Divine Revelations Deguchi Onisaburō Stories from the Spiritual World Divine Signposts The Path of Ōmoto Reiyūkai kyōdan Kubo Kakutarō: Sermon The Blue Sutra Kotani Kimi: The Mission of Reiyūkai Sōka gakkai Makiguchi Tsunesaburō What Is Religious Value? The Relations Among Religion and Science, Morality, and Education Toda Jōsei ‘‘On the Nature of Life’’ Ikeda Daisaku Health and Welfare

Chapter 49. Japan and the World in Cultural Debate

Uchimura Kanzō How I Became a Christian The Disrespect Incident ‘‘Two J’s’’ Natsume Sōseki ‘‘My Individualism’’ Nishida Kitarō The Problem of Japanese Culture Endō Shūsaku ‘‘My Coming into Faith’’ Mishima Yukio ‘‘The National Characteristics of Japanese Culture’’ Ōe Kenzaburō ‘‘Japan, the Ambiguous, and Myself’’

Chapter 50. Gender Politics and Feminism

Gender and Modernization Magazines for Women’s Education Shimizu Toyoko: ‘‘The Broken Ring’’ Women and Labor Yamakawa Kikue: Record of the Generations of Women Hiratsuka Raichō and the Bluestocking Society ‘‘In the Beginning Woman Was the Sun’’ ‘‘New Woman’’ Postwar Japanese Feminism Aoki Yayoi and Ecofeminism Imperialist Sentiments and the Privilege of Aggression Matsui Yayori and Asian Migrant Women in Japan The Victimization of Asian Migrant Women in Japan Ueno Chizuko and the Cultural Context of Japanese Feminism Are the Japanese Feminine? Some Problems of Japanese Feminism in Its Cultural Context Saitō Chiyo and Japanese Feminism What Is Japanese Feminism?

Chapter 51. Thinking with the Past: History Writing in Modern Japan

New Histories in Meiji Japan Taguchi Ukichi A Short History of Japanese Civilization Shigeno Yasutsugu ‘‘Those Who Engage in the Study of History Must Be Impartial and Fair-Minded in Spirit’’ Kume Kunitake ‘‘The Abuses of Textual Criticism in Historical Study’’ Marxist History Writing Lectures on the History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism The Association of Historical Studies Founding Statement Draft of the Charter of the Association of Historical Studies Writing About the Meiji Restoration Tokutomi Sohō Future Japan Noro Eitarō History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism Nakamura Masanori ‘‘The Meaning of the Meiji Restoration Today’’ Banno Junji ‘‘Meiji Japan’s Nation-Building Process’’ Bitō Masahide What Is the Edo Period? Shiba Ryōtarō The Mountain Pass A High-School History Textbook Modern Japanese History Alternative Histories Ifa Fuyū Old Ryūkyū Yanagita Kunio On Folklore Studies Takamure Itsue History of Women Japanese History in Comparison Maruyama Masao ‘‘The Structure of Matsurigoto: The Basso Ostinato of Japanese Political Life’’ Irokawa Daikichi The Culture of the Meiji Period Yasumaru Yoshio ‘‘National Religion, the Imperial Institution, and Invented Tradition: The Western Stimulus’’ The Asia-Pacific War in History and Memory Maruyama Masao ‘‘The Logic and Psychology of Ultranationalism’’ Ienaga Saburō The Pacific War The Ienaga Textbook Trials Ōe Kenzaburō Hiroshima Notes Fujiwara Akira How to View the Nanjing Incident Kobayashi Yoshinori On War Ishizaka Kei A Just War Twentieth-Century Design Stamps Rethinking the Nation Amino Yoshihiko ‘‘Deconstructing ‘Japan’’’ Kano Masanao Is ‘‘Tori-shima’’ Included? Arano Yasunori and Colleagues The History of Japan in Asia

Bibliography Index Series List

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