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Index
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1 Fluorescent Protein Labeling Techniques
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fluorescent proteins and their mutants
1.2.1 Colorful fluorescent proteins
1.2.2 Fluorescent proteins with LSSs
1.2.3 Photon-activatable and photon-switchable fluorescent proteins
1.2.4 Light-sensitive fluorescent proteins
1.2.5 Timer fluorescent protein
1.3 Reporter fluorescent protein probes
1.3.1 Tracking proteins in live cells
1.3.2 Monitoring of gene expression in live cells
1.3.3 Biological applications of photon-switchable proteins and photon-activatable proteins
1.4 Functional fluorescent protein probes
1.4.1 Redox probes
1.4.2 ATP fluorescent protein probes
1.4.3 pH probes
1.4.4 Voltage-sensitive probes
1.4.5 Calcium probes
1.4.6 Mercury ion probes
1.4.7 Copper ion probes
1.4.8 Zinc ion probes
1.5 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes
1.5.1 Introduction of FRET
1.5.2 FRET imaging in cell biology research
1.5.3 Intramolecular FRET probes
1.5.4 Intermolecular FRET probes
1.6 BiFC technology based on fluorescent proteins
1.6.1 Establishment of the BiFC detection method
1.6.2 Characteristics of BiFC technology
1.6.3 Applications of BiFC technology
1.6.4 Quantitative detection of protein interaction based on fluorescence signal of BiFC
1.6.5 Limiting factors of bimolecular fluorescent complementation
1.6.6 Outlook for BiFC
1.7 Intravital applications of fluorescent proteins in tumor imaging
1.7.1 In vivo tumor optical imaging based on endogenously expressed fluorescent protein
1.7.2 Optical imaging of tumor in vivo with targeting FP probes
1.7.3 Prospects
1.8 Applications of fluorescent protein transgenic mice in intravital immune optical imaging
1.8.1 Fluorescent protein transgenic animal models
1.8.2 Applications of fluorescent protein – labeled pathogens in infection and immune imaging
Bibliography
2 Two-photon Molecular Probe
2.1 Introduction of two-photon absorption
2.1.1 The basic concept of 2PA
2.1.2 Measurements of 2PA effect
2.1.3 Introduction to application of 2PA effect
2.2 Molecular design and structure – property relationships of organic TPA materials
2.2.1 One-dimensional asymmetric D–π–A molecules
2.2.2 One-dimensional symmetric molecules
2.2.3 Porphyrins and expanded porphyrinoids
2.2.4 Multidimensional branched 2PA materials
2.3 The development of two-photon fluorescent probes
2.3.1 Brief introduction to response principle of fluorescent probes
2.3.2 Traditional fluorescent probes for two-photon imaging
2.3.3 Typical fluorophores for TP probes
2.3.4 Research development of TP probes
2.3.5 Research prospection of TP probes
Acknowledgment
Bibliography
3 Super-resolution Localization Microscopy
3.1 Introduction and background
3.1.1 A brief history of optical microscope
3.1.2 Resolution limit of optical microscope
3.1.3 Improving the resolution of optical microscope
3.1.4 A historical overview of super-resolution localization microscopy
3.1.5 Breaking the resolution limit by single-molecule localization
3.2 Fluorescence probes for super-resolution localization microscopy
3.2.1 Ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence
3.2.2 Fluorescence probes and specific labeling
3.2.3 Fluorescence ON/OFF control
3.2.4 Choosing the right fluorescence probes
3.3 Methods and instrumentation in super-resolution localization microscopy
3.3.1 Super-resolution localization microscopy methods: PALM versus STORM
3.3.2 Super-resolution localization microscopy methods: Others
3.3.3 Instrumentation in super-resolution localization microscopy: Basic structure
3.3.4 Instrumentation in super-resolution localization microscopy: Key components
3.3.5 Instrumentation in super-resolution localization microscopy: A typical setup
3.3.6 Advances in super-resolution localization microscopy: Multicolor and 3D imaging
3.3.7 Commercial super-resolution localization microscopes
3.4 Data analysis in super-resolution localization microscopy
3.4.1 Theoretical localization precision
3.4.2 Practical aspects for determining spatial resolution
3.4.3 Single-molecule localization for sparse emitters
3.4.3.1 Centroid
3.4.4 Single-molecule localization for high-density emitters
3.4.5 Key steps in image analysis and reconstruction
3.4.6 Data analysis software
3.5 Example applications in super-resolution localization microscopy
3.5.1 Imaging in 2D
3.5.2 Imaging in 3D
3.6 Conclusions and future prospects
Bibliography
4 Photoacoustic Molecular (Functional) Imaging
4.1 Introduction
4.2 PAI principle, algorithm, and system
4.2.1 PAI principle
4.2.2 Excitation of photoacoustic signal
4.2.3 Photoacoustic scanning method and its imaging algorithm
4.2.4 PAI system
4.2.5 Special problems involved
4.3 Domestic and foreign statuses
4.3.1 Foreign research status
4.3.2 Domestic research status
4.4 Application development trend
4.4.1 Application research of photoacoustic microcirculation imaging and early tumor detection and treatment monitoring
4.4.2 Research on application of living body photoacoustic blood function parameters (blood oxygen and carbon oxygen saturation) detection
4.4.3 Application research on photoacoustic identification and imaging of vulnerable plaque components in blood vessels
4.4.4 Application research on thermoacoustic imaging in testing of low-dentistry foreign bodies
4.4.5 Application research on thermoacoustic imaging in testing of breast cancer
Bibliography
5 Optical Molecular Imaging for Small Animals in vivo
5.1 Models of light propagation in tissue
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Light transport equation
5.1.3 Diffusion approximation method
5.1.4 Monte Carlo method
5.2 Diffuse optical tomography
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 DOT mode
5.2.3 Image reconstruction methods in DOT
5.2.4 Applications in biomedical research
5.3 In vivo optical molecular imaging of small animals
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Planar fluorescence molecular imaging
5.3.3 Fluorescence molecular tomography
5.3.4 Bioluminescence tomography
5.4 Multimodality molecular imaging of small animals in vivo
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Multimodality molecular imaging systems
5.4.3 Image reconstruction and multimodal image fusion
5.4.4 Applications in biomedical research
Bibliography
Index
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