Analog Circuit Design by Dobkin, Bob -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Dedication Publisher’s Note

Trademarks

Acknowledgments Introduction

Why write applications?

Foreword Part 1: Power Management

Section 1. Power Management Tutorials

1. Ceramic input capacitors can cause overvoltage transients

Plug in the wall adapter at your own risk Building the Test Circuit Turning on the switch Testing a portable application Input voltage transients with different input elements Optimizing Input Capacitors Conclusion

2. Minimizing switching regulator residue in linear regulator outputs: Banishing those accursed spikes

Introduction References

3. Power conditioning for notebook and palmtop systems

Introduction Battery charging Power supplies for palmtop computers

4. 2-Wire virtual remote sensing for voltage regulators: Clairvoyance marries remote sensing

Introduction “Virtual” remote sensing Applications VRS linear regulators VRS equipped switching regulators VRS based isolated switching supplies VRS halogen lamp drive circuit References

Section 2. Switching Regulator Design

5. LT1070 design manual

Introduction Preface LT1070 operation Pin functions Basic switching regulator topologies Application circuits Negative buck converter Negative-to-positive buck-boost converter Positive buck converter Flyback converter Totally isolated converter Positive current-boosted buck converter Negative current-boosted buck converter Negative input/negative output flyback converter Positive-to-negative flyback converter Voltage-boosted boost converter Negative boost converter Positive-to-negative buck boost converter Current-boosted boost converter Forward converter Frequency compensation External current limiting Driving external transistors Output rectifying diode Input filters Efficiency calculations Output filters Input and output capacitors Inductor and transformer basics Heat sinking information Troubleshooting hints Warning Subharmonic oscillations Inductor/transformer manufacturers Core manufacturers Bibliography

6. Switching regulators for poets: A gentle guide for the trepidatious

Basic flyback regulator −48V to 5V telecom flyback regulator Fully-isolated telecom flyback regulator 100W off-line switching regulator Switch-controlled motor speed controller Switch-controlled peltier 0°C reference Acknowledgments

7. Step-down switching regulators

Basic step down circuit Practical step-down switching regulator Dual output step-down regulator Negative output regulators Current-boosted step-down regulator Post regulation-fixed case Post regulation-variable case Low quiescent current regulators Wide range, high power, high voltage regulator Regulated sinewave output DC/AC converter References

8. A monolithic switching regulator with 100μV output noise: “Silence is the perfectest herald of joy ...”

Introduction References

9. Powering complex FPGA-based systems using highly integrated DC/DC μModule regulator systems: Part 1 of 2 Circuit and electrical performance

Innovation in DC/DC design DC/DC μModule Regulators: Complete Systems in an LGA Package 48A from four parallel DC/DC μModule regulators Start-up, soft-start and current sharing Conclusion

10. Powering complex FPGA-based systems using highly integrated DC/DC µModule regulator systems: Part 2 of 2 Thermal performance and layout

60W by paralleling four DC/DC μModule regulators Thermal performance Simple copy and paste layout Conclusion

11. Diode turn-on time induced failures in switching regulators: Never Has so Much Trouble Been Had By so Many with so Few Terminals

Introduction Diode turn-on time perspectives Detailed measurement scheme Diode Testing and Interpreting Results References

Section 3. Linear Regulator Design

12. Performance verification of low noise, low dropout regulators: Silence of the amps

Introduction Noise and noise testing Noise testing considerations Instrumentation performance verification Regulator noise measurement Bypass capacitor (CBYP) influence Interpreting comparative results References

Section 4. High Voltage and High Current Applications

13. Parasitic capacitance effects in step-up transformer design 14. High efficiency, high density, PolyPhase converters for high current applications

Introduction How do PolyPhase techniques affect circuit performance? Design considerations Design example: 100A PolyPhase power supply Summary

Section 5. Powering Lasers and Illumination Devices

15. Ultracompact LCD backlight inverters: A svelte beast cuts high voltage down to size

Introduction References

16. A thermoelectric cooler temperature controller for fiber optic lasers: Climatic pampering for temperamental lasers

Introduction Temperature Controller Requirements Temperature Controller Details Thermal Loop Considerations Temperature Control Loop Optimization Temperature Stability Verification Reflected Noise Performance References

17. Current sources for fiber optic lasers: A compendium of pleasant current events

Introduction References

18. Bias voltage and current sense circuits for avalanche photodiodes: Feeding and reading the APD

Introduction Summary References

Section 6. Automotive and Industrial Power Design

19. Developments in battery stack voltage measurement: A simple solution to a not so simple problem

The battery stack problem Transformer based sampling voltmeter Detailed circuit operation Multi-cell version Automatic control and calibration Firmware description Measurement details Adding more channels References

Part 2: Data conversion, signal conditioning and high frequency/RF

Section 1. Data Conversion

20. Some techniques for direct digitization of transducer outputs 21. The care and feeding of high performance ADCs: get all the bits you paid for

Introduction An ADC has many “inputs” Ground planes and grounding Supply bypassing Reference bypassing Driving the analog input Choosing an op amp Driving the convert-start input Routing the data outputs Conclusion

22. A standards lab grade 20-bit DAC with 0.1ppm/°C drift: The dedicated art of digitizing one part per million

Introduction References

23. Delta sigma ADC bridge measurement techniques

Introduction Low cost, precision altimeter uses direct digitization How Many Bits? Increasing Resolution with Amplifiers How Much Gain? ADC Response to Amplifier Noise How Many Bits? Faster or More Resolution with the LTC2440 How Many Bits?

24. 1ppm settling time measurement for a monolithic 18-bit DAC: When does the last angel stop dancing on a speeding pinhead?

Introduction DAC settling time Considerations for measuring DAC settling time Sampling based high resolution DAC settling time measurement Developing a sampling switch Electronic switch equivalents Transconductance amplifier based switch equivalent DAC settling time measurement method Detailed settling time circuitry Settling time circuit performance Using the sampling-based settling time circuit References

Section 2. Signal Conditioning

25. Applications for a switched-capacitor instrumentation building block

Instrumentation amplifier Ultrahigh performance instrumentation amplifier Lock-in amplifier Wide range, digitally controlled, variable gain amplifier Precision, linearized platinum RTD signal conditioner Relative humidity sensor signal conditioner LVDT signal conditioner Charge pump F→V and V→F converters 12-bit A→D converter Miscellaneous circuits Voltage-controlled current source—grounded source and load Current sensing in supply rails 0.01% analog multiplier Inverting a reference Low power, 5 V driven, temperature compensated crystal oscillator Simple thermometer High current, “inductorless,” switching regulator

26. Application considerations and circuits for a new chopper-stabilized op amp

Applications Standard grade variable voltage reference Ultra-precision instrumentation amplifier High performance isolation amplifier Stabilized, low input capacitance buffer (FET probe) Chopper-stabilized comparator Stabilized data converter Wide range V→F converter 1Hz to 30MHz V→F converter 16-bit A/D converter Simple remote thermometer Output stages References

27. Designing linear circuits for 5V single supply operation

Linearized RTD signal conditioner Linearized output methane detector Cold junction compensated thermocouple signal conditioner 5V powered precision instrumentation amplifier 5V powered strain gauge signal conditioner “Tachless” motor speed controller 4-20mA current loop transmitter Fully isolated limit comparator Fully isolated 10-bit A/D converter

28. Application considerations for an instrumentation lowpass filter

Description Tuning the LTC1062 LTC1062 clock requirements Internal oscillator Clock feedthrough Single 5V supply operation Dynamic range and signal/noise ratio Step response and burst response LTC1062 shows little aliasing Cascading the LTC1062 Using the LTC1062 to create a notch Comments on capacitor types Clock circuits Acknowledgement

29. Micropower circuits for signal conditioning

Platinum RTD signal conditioner Thermocouple signal conditioner Sampled strain gauge signal conditioner Strobed operation strain gauge bridge signal conditioner Thermistor signal conditioner for current loop application Microampere drain wall thermostat Freezer alarm 12-Bit A/D converter 10-Bit, 100μA A/D converter 20μs sample-hold 10kHz voltage-to-frequency converter 1MHz voltage-to-frequency converter Switching regulator Post regulated micropower switching regulator

30. Thermocouple measurement

Introduction Thermocouples in perspective Signal conditioning issues Cold junction compensation Amplifier selection Additional circuit considerations Differential thermocouple amplifiers Isolated thermocouple amplifiers Digital output thermocouple isolator Linearization techniques References

31. Take the mystery out of the switched-capacitor filter: The system designer’s filter compendium

Introduction Circuit board layout considerations Power supplies Input considerations Filter response Filter sensitivity Output considerations Clock circuitry Conclusions Bibliography

32. Bridge circuits: Marrying gain and balance

Resistance bridges Bridge output amplifiers DC bridge circuit applications Common mode suppression techniques Single supply common mode suppression circuits Switched-capacitor based instrumentation amplifiers Optically coupled switched-capacitor instrumentation amplifier Platinum RTD resistance bridge circuits Digitally corrected platinum resistance bridge Thermistor bridge Low power bridge circuits Strobed power bridge drive Sampled output bridge signal conditioner Continuous output sampled bridge signal conditioner High resolution continuous output sampled bridge signal conditioner AC driven bridge/synchronous demodulator AC driven bridge for level transduction Time domain bridge Bridge oscillator—square wave output Quartz stabilized bridge oscillator Sine wave output quartz stabilized bridge oscillator Wien bridge-based oscillators Diode bridge-based 2.5MHz precision rectifier/AC voltmeter References

33. High speed amplifier techniques: A designer’s companion for wideband circuitry

Preface Introduction Perspectives on high speed design Mr. Murphy’s gallery of high speed amplifier problems Tutorial section Applications Section I — Amplifiers Applications Section II — Oscillators Applications section III — Data conversion APPLICATIONS SECTION IV — MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUITS References

34. A seven-nanosecond comparator for single supply operation: Guidance for putting civilized speed to work

Introduction The LT1394 — an overview Tutorial section Applications References

35. Understanding and applying voltage references

Essential features Reference pitfalls Reference applications Conclusion For further reading

36. Instrumentation applications for a monolithic oscillator: A clock for all reasons

Introduction References

37. Slew rate verification for wideband amplifiers: The taming of the slew

Introduction References

38. Instrumentation circuitry using RMS-to-DC converters: RMS converters rectify average results

Introduction References

39. 775 nanovolt noise measurement for a low noise voltage reference: Quantifying silence

Introduction Noise measurement Noise measurement circuit performance References

Section 3. High Frequency/RF Design

40. LT5528 WCDMA ACPR, AltCPR and noise measurements

Introduction

41. Measuring phase and delay errors accurately in I/Q modulators

Introduction Measurements Applying the method Conclusion

Subject Index

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