Oracle Database 12c Oracle RMAN Backup & Recovery by Freeman, Robert -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Title Page Copyright Page Dedication About the Authors Contents at a Glance Contents Acknowledgments Introduction PART I Getting Started with RMAN in Oracle Database 12c

1 Quick-Start Guide for RMAN and Oracle Database 12c

Preliminary Steps Configuring the Database for RMAN Operations

Determine Where the FRA Should Be Located and Create It Log Into the Database and Configure It to Use the FRA Put the Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode

Backing Up the Database Restoring the Database Summary

2 Oracle Database 12c Backup and Recovery Architecture Tour

What This Book Is About I’m Already an RMAN Expert—Why Do I Need This Book or This Chapter? Let’s Kick Off the Tour Backup and Recovery Essentials

High Availability Backup and Recovery

A Few Oracle Terms to Know Oracle Database Architecture in the Pre-Multitenant Age

The Oracle Processes Oracle Memory and RMAN The Oracle Database More About the Oracle Redo Logs ARCHIVELOG Mode vs. NOARCHIVELOG Mode Oracle Logical Structures

The Combined Picture

Startup and Shutdown of the Database

More Oracle Database Internals Controlling the Database Software Oracle Backup and Recovery Primer

Logical Backup and Recovery Oracle Physical Backup and Recovery Backing Up Other Oracle Components

Summary

3 Introduction to the RMAN Architecture

Server-Managed Recovery The RMAN Utility

RMAN and Database Privileges

The Network Topology of RMAN Backups

RMAN and Scale RMAN and Shared Servers Running RMAN Locally from the Target Database’s ORACLE_HOME

The Database Control File

Record Reuse in the Control File The Snapshot Control File Rebuilding the Control File

The RMAN Server Processes

RMAN Channel Processes

The SYS Packages Used by RMAN

SYS.DBMS_RCVMAN SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE

Backing Up the Data Block

The Data Block Backup Overview The Benefits of Block-Level Backups

RMAN in Memory

Input Memory Buffers RMAN Memory Utilization: PGA vs. SGA

The Recovery Catalog The Auxiliary Database Compatibility Issues

The RMAN General Compatibility Rules

The RMAN Process: From Start to Finish The Fast Recovery Area Summary

4 Oracle Database 12c Multitenant

Introducing Oracle Multitenant

The CDB Pluggable Databases How Does Oracle Multitenant Impact RMAN Backup and Recovery?

Administering Container Databases

Starting and Stopping the CDB Common Users

The Pluggable Database

The PDB Name Creating a PDB PDB Users Connecting to a PDB Asking for Directions: Determining Which PDB You Are In Architecture of a Pluggable Database PDB Constraints PDB Performance PDB Resource Management

CDBs and PDBs and the Data Dictionary

The Multitenant Database Data Dictionary PDB Administration

Other CDB-Related Topics

Dropping a CDB Dropping a PDB PDB Cloning and Plugging and Unplugging PDBs

Summary

PART II RMAN Configuration, Backup, and Recovery Essentials

5 RMAN Setup and Configuration

Configuring Your Database to Run in ARCHIVELOG Mode

ARCHIVELOG Destination Directories The Fast Recovery Area Should You Use the FRA? Switching Between ARCHIVELOG Modes If You Created Your Database with the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant RMAN Workshop: Put the Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode

The Oracle Database Fault Diagnosability Infrastructure

The ADR and Related Fault Diagnosability Infrastructure Components Configuring the Fault Diagnosability Infrastructure

The RMAN Command Line

Connecting via the RMAN Command Line Exiting the RMAN Client

Configuring the Database for RMAN Operations

Setting Up the Database User RMAN Workshop: Create the Target Database RMAN Backup Account Setting Up Database Security Setting the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME Parameter

Configuring RMAN Default Settings

Introducing the configure Command Configuring Various RMAN Default Settings Examples of Using the configure Command If You Are Using Shared Servers

Summary of RMAN Configuration Tasks Other Backup and Recovery Setup and Configuration Considerations Summary

6 The RMAN Recovery Catalog

What Is the Recovery Catalog?

Creating the Recovery Catalog Owning Schema in a Nonmultitenant Database RMAN Workshop: Create the Recovery Catalog User Account Creating the Recovery Catalog–Owning Schema in a Multitenant Database Creating the Recovery Catalog Schema Objects RMAN Workshop: Create the Recovery Catalog RMAN Workshop: Register Your Database in the Recovery Catalog Utilizing an RMAN Virtual Private Catalog RMAN Workshop: Create a Virtual Private Catalog for Oracle 12.1.0.1 and Earlier Databases

Merging Multiple Recovery Catalogs

RMAN Workshop: Merge Two Recovery Catalogs

RMAN Stored Scripts

Creating Stored Scripts Querying the Recovery Catalog for Stored Script Information Changing Stored Scripts Deleting Stored Scripts Using Stored Scripts Printing Stored Scripts RMAN Workshop: Using RMAN Stored Scripts

Recovery Catalog Maintenance

Unregistering a Database in RMAN Database Migration/Upgrade Issues Manually Resetting the Database Incarnation (reset catalog) Manually Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog (resync catalog) Purging Recovery Catalog Records

Backing Up the Recovery Catalog Recovery Catalog Views

The Purpose of the Recovery Catalog Views and the Database Data Dictionary Views The Recovery Catalog Base Tables, Views, and Database Data Dictionary Views Examples of Using the Recovery Catalog Base Tables and Views Catalog Views Intended for Use by Oracle Enterprise Manager

Summary

7 RMAN Backups

Using the RMAN Backup Command

The Backup Command The Backup Command, Channels, and Performance

RMAN Backup Command Options

Backing Up to a Specific Device Type Controlling Attributes of Backup Sets and Backup Set Pieces Multisection Backups RMAN Compression Tags Restore Points The duration Command: Putting Limits on Backups Archival Backups Overriding the Configure Exclude Command Skipping Offline, Inaccessible, or Read-Only Datafiles Override Backup Optimization Backing Up Datafiles Based on Their Last Backup Time Checking for Logical Corruption during a Backup Making Copies of Backups on Your RMAN Copier Capturing the Elusive Control File

Using the RMAN Set Command Offline RMAN Database Backups

Offline Backups Using Configured Settings RMAN Workshop: Perform an Offline Backup Breaking Down the Workshop Output Offline Backups without Using Configured Defaults

Online RMAN Database Backups

Online Database Backups RMAN Workshop: Perform an Online Backup

Variations on a Theme: Other Types of RMAN Online Backups

Tablespace Backups Datafile Backups Archived Redo Log Backups Control File and Parameter File Backups Backup Set Backups Fast Recovery Area Backups

Copies

Image Copies Database, Tablespace, and Datafile Image Copies Control File Copies ARCHIVELOG Image Copies

Incremental RMAN Backups

The Block Change Tracking File The Base Backup Differential vs. Cumulative Incremental Backups

Incrementally Updated Backups

RMAN Workshop: Perform an Incremental Backup

Getting Started

RMAN Workshop: Get Your Database Backed Up!

RMAN Best Practices Introduced in This Chapter Summary

8 RMAN Restore and Recovery

RMAN Restore and Recovery Basics Types of Oracle Database Recoveries About Restoring Multitenant Databases Preparing for an RMAN Restore Staging RMAN Backup Set Pieces for Restores

Restoring the SPFILE RMAN Workshop: Recover Your SPFILE Restoring the Control File RMAN Workshop: Recover Your Control File

Restore and Recover the Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Preparing for the Restore Restoring to a Different Location RMAN Workshop: Recover Your NOARCHIVELOG Mode Database

Database Recoveries in ARCHIVELOG Mode

Point-of-Failure Database Recoveries RMAN Workshop: Complete Recovery of Your ARCHIVELOG Mode Database Tablespace Recoveries Datafile Recoveries What If I Use Incremental Backups?

Recovering from Online Redo Log Loss

Loss of an Inactive Online Redo Log Group Member Loss of an Inactive Online Redo Log Group Loss of an Active but Not Current Online Redo Log Group Loss of the Current Online Redo Log Group

The Data Recovery Advisor

Using the Data Recovery Advisor Through RMAN Data Recovery Advisor Data Dictionary Views

Summary

9 Advanced RMAN Recovery Topics

Recovery of Pluggable Databases

Recovering the Root Container Recovering the Seed Container Recovering PDBs

Incomplete Database Recoveries on Non-CDB and Entire CDB Databases

What Is an Incomplete Recovery? Incomplete Recovery: How Does It Work? Establishing a Point to Recover To Time-Based Recoveries SCN-Based Recoveries Change-Based Recoveries Restore Point–Based Recoveries

Performing Incomplete Recoveries of Pluggable Databases (PDB)

About PDB Point-in-Time Recoveries Restrictions and Requirements Associated with PDB Point-in-time Recoveries PDB Time-Based Recovery PDB SCN-Based Recovery PDB Change-Based Recovery Recovering Based on a Restore Point

Other RMAN Recovery Topics

Read-Only Tablespace Recovery Considerations Archived Redo Log Restores Datafile Copy Restores Recovering Corrupted Data Blocks Recovering to a Previous Incarnation

Table and Partition Point-in-Time Recovery

Prerequisites for Restoring and Recovering Database Tables and Partitions Restrictions on Restoring and Recovering Database Tables and Partitions Options to Consider when Restoring Tables and Partitions How RMAN Implements the Restore and Recovery of Tables and Partitions Restoring Tables and Partitions from PDBs Using RMAN to Restore and Recover a Database Table: An Example

Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

Preparing for the TSPITR Performing the Actual TSPITR Customized Automated TSPITR with an Automatic Instance

Summary

10 Duplication: Cloning the Target Database

RMAN Duplication: A Primer

Why Use RMAN Duplication? Different Types of RMAN Duplication The Duplication Architecture

Duplication: Location Considerations

Duplication to the Same Server: An Overview Duplication to the Same Server, Different ORACLE_HOME Duplication to a Remote Server: An Overview Duplication and the Network RMAN Workshop: Build a Password File

Duplication to the Same Server

RMAN Workshop: Duplication to the Same Server Using Disk Backups Using Tape Backups

Duplication to a Remote Server

RMAN Workshop: Duplication to a Remote Server Using Disk Backups Using Tape Backups for Remote Server Duplication

Targetless Duplication in 12c

Incomplete Duplication: Using the DBNEWID Utility

New RMAN Cloning Features for 12c

Using Compression Duplicating Large Tablespaces

Summary

PART III RMAN Maintenance and Administration

11 Maintaining RMAN

RMAN Maintenance

Crosschecking RMAN Backups RMAN Workshop: Using the Crosscheck Command

Verifying Your Backups

The Restore…Preview Command Using the Restore…Validate and Check Logical Commands Using the validate Command Backup Retention Policies Archive Log Retention Policies The Change Command RMAN Workshop: Using the Change Command The Delete Command RMAN Workshop: Using the Delete Command Cataloging Other Backups in RMAN

RMAN Stored Scripts

When You Just Can’t Take It Anymore Summary

12 Monitoring and Reporting in RMAN

The RMAN List Command

Listing Incarnations Listing Backups Listing Image Copies Listing Restore Points Listing the DB_UNIQUE_NAME

The RMAN Report Command

Reporting on Datafiles that Have Not Been Backed Up Recently Reporting on Backup Redundancy or Recovery Window Reporting on Unrecoverable Operations on Datafiles Reporting on the Database Schema Reporting on Obsolete Backups

Data Dictionary Views for Reporting Summary

13 Performance Tuning RMAN Backup and Recovery Operations

Before You Tune RMAN

RMAN Performance: What Can Be Achieved? Have the Right Hardware in Place Use the Correct Backup Strategy Tune the Database

Tuning RMAN

Tuning RMAN Settings Tuning the MML Layer Identifying Database-Related RMAN Issues

Tracing RMAN Sessions Summary

14 Using Oracle Cloud Control for Backup and Recovery

EM12c Architecture

Oracle Management Repository Oracle Management Service Oracle Management Agents The Cloud Control Console Plug-Ins

Installing and Configuring Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c for Database Backups

Installing an Enterprise Manager Agent Discovering Targets

Configuring Backup and Recovery Settings with EM12c Backing Up a Database with EM12c

Schedule Oracle-Suggested Backup Schedule Customized Backup Backing Up Multiple Databases at Once

Managing Backups Backup Reports Using EM12c for Recovery

Restore Points Performing Recovery

Summary

PART IV RMAN in a Highly Available Architecture

15 RMAN Best Practices

Data Protection

Enterprise Architecture Backup and Recovery High Availability Disaster Recovery Data Governance and Security Monitoring and Scheduling

Best Practices

Service-Level Agreements Standards and Processes

RMAN Best Practices Summary

16 Surviving User Errors: Flashback Technologies

Prepared for the Inevitable: Flashback Technology Flashback and the Undo Segment: A Love Story Flashback Query Flashback Versions Query Flashback Table

Performing the Flashback Table Operation from SQL Flashback Table with Oracle Enterprise Manager

Flashback Transaction Flashback Drop

The Recycle Bin

Flashback Database

Flashback Logs Flashback Retention Target RMAN Workshop: Configure for Flashback Database Flashback Database: Tuning and Tweaking

Flashback Data Archive (Total Recall) Summary

17 RMAN and Data Guard

Types of Standby Databases

Physical Standby Database Logical Standby Database

Using RMAN to Create Standby Databases Preparing to Create a Standby Database

Establishing a Naming Convention Putting the Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode and Forced Logging Mode Setting Database Parameters Creating the Auxiliary Database Password File Configuring the Oracle Network Preparing and Starting the Auxiliary Instance Starting RMAN Creating the Standby Database

After the Standby Is Created

RMAN Workshop: Create a Standby Database Using RMAN

Taking Backups from the Standby Database Other RMAN and Data Guard Topics

Restoring a Lost Datafile, Tablespace, or Database from a Standby Database with RMAN Resynchronizing the Standby Database

Archive Log Backups from the Standby Database Summary

18 RMAN and Real Application Clusters

Real Application Clusters: Unique Backup Challenges

Datafile Backups Archive Log Backups

RAC Recovery Challenges

Restore Operations Media Management Considerations During a Restore Recovery Considerations After a Restore

Advanced RMAN/RAC Topics

Duplication to a Single-Node System RMAN Workshop: Duplicating a RAC Database to a Single-Node Database The Single-Node Standby Database RMAN Workshop: Creating a Single-Node Standby Database from a RAC Database Backing Up the Multinode RAC Database

Summary

19 Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance: Evolution of RMAN to Enterprise-wide Database Protection Solution

The Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance: An Overview

Architecture Protected Databases Delta Push Delta Store Replication Autonomous Tape Archival Backup Validation

Protection Policy Cooperative Space Management Monitoring and Administration Scale-out Hardware Summary

20 RMAN in the Workplace: Case Studies

Before the Recovery

What Is the Exact Nature of the Failure? What Recovery Options Are Available? Might Oracle Support Be Needed? Who Can Act as a Second Pair of Eyes During Recovery?

Recovery Case Studies

Case #1: Recovering from Complete Database Loss (NOARCHIVELOG Mode) with a Recovery Catalog Case #2: Recovering from Complete Database Loss (NOARCHIVELOG Mode) Without a Recovery Catalog Case #3: Recovering from Complete Database Loss (ARCHIVELOG Mode) Without a Recovery Catalog Case #4: Recovering from Complete Database Loss (ARCHIVELOG Mode) with a Recovery Catalog Case #5: Recovering from the Loss of the SYSTEM Tablespace Case #6: Recovering Online from the Loss of a Datafile or Tablespace Case #7: Recovering from Loss of an Unarchived Online Redo Log Case #8: Recovering Through resetlogs Case #9: Completing a Failed Duplication Manually Case #10: Using RMAN Duplication to Create a Historical Subset of the Target Database Case #11: Recovering from a Lost Datafile (ARCHIVELOG Mode) Using an Image Copy in the Fast Recovery Area Case #12: Recovering from Running the Production Datafile Out of the Fast Recovery Area Case #13: Using Flashback Database and Media Recovery to Pinpoint the Exact Moment to Open the Database with resetlogs

Summary

PART V RMAN Media Management

21 Media Management Considerations

Tape Backups in a Disk Backup World RMAN and the Media Manager: An Overview

The Media Manager Catalog The Media Manager: Other Software Components Media Management Library RMAN Workshop: Test Tape Channels with the Oracle Default SBT Interface Interfacing with the MML

The SBT API Back Up to Tape: From Start to Finish Restore from Tape: From Start to Finish Using sbttest and loadsbt.exe Media Management Errors Summary

22 Oracle Secure Backup

Features of Oracle Secure Backup

Oracle Secure Backup and Recovery Manager Differences Between OSB and OSB Express Backup Encryption Fast Database Backup Compression Oracle Secure Backup Cloud Module

Oracle Secure Backup Interfaces Oracle Secure Backup Components

Oracle Secure Backup Daemons Host Access Modes Administrative Data Oracle Secure Backup Users and Classes Operating System Accounts NDMP Hosts Oracle Secure Backup Rights and Classes

Installing and Configuring Oracle Secure Backup

RMAN Workshop: Install and Configure Oracle Secure Backup

Oracle Database and File System Data Backup Using Oracle Secure Backup

RMAN Workshop: Schedule Oracle Database and File System Data Backups

Oracle Database Backup Using Oracle Secure Backup Cloud Module

RMAN Workshop: Installing OSB Cloud Module and Using It for OSB Backups

Summary

23 Backing Up to Amazon Web Services Using the Oracle Secure Backup Cloud Module

Conventional Backups: Assumptions and Limitations The Oracle Secure Backup Cloud Module What Is Cloud Computing? Oracle and the Amazon Cloud

Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Elastic Block Store (EBS) Simple Storage Service (S3): Oracle’s Cloud Backup Solution RMAN Backup to S3: The Oracle Secure Backup Cloud Module S3 Backup over the Internet or from Amazon EC2

Oracle Cloud Backup Advantages

RMAN Workshop: Deploying RMAN Backups to Amazon S3

Performing Backups by Using the OSB Cloud Module

To Persistently Store S3 as the Default SBT Channel To Specify the OSB Cloud Module Each Time You Allocate a Channel

Listing RMAN Backups and Backup Sets Stored on S3

Optimizing Backups and Recoveries over the Internet Using the OSB Cloud Module and Amazon S3 Example with Multiple Channels and Compressed Backup Sets

Licensing Considerations Summary

24 Enhancing RMAN with Veritas NetBackup for Oracle

Key Features Necessary Components Storage/Media Device Configuration NetBackup Installation

Pre-Installation Tasks for NetBackup for Oracle Agent NetBackup for Oracle Agent Installation Steps

How to Link Oracle to NetBackup Media Manager

Automatic Link Method Manual Link Method

Architecture Configuring NetBackup Policies

Adding New Policies Defining Schedules Defining a Backup Selection Defining Policy Clients

Managing Expired Backup Images

Delete Expired Backups Using NetBackup Repository Delete Expired Backups Using RMAN

RMAN Sample Scripts Troubleshooting

Use NetBackup Logs Determine Which Library Is in Use

Security Best Practices Cost Justification Summary

25 Configuring HP Data Protector for Oracle

Integration of Oracle and Data Protector

Support Matrix Integration Components Integration Restrictions RMAN Workshop: Integration Configuration

RMAN Backup Configuration on Data Protector

RMAN WORKSHOP: Backup Configuration Editing the RMAN Script

Running an RMAN Backup

Backup Methods Backup Procedure

Restoring Oracle Using the Data Protector GUI

Restoring the Control File Restoring Oracle Database Objects

Oracle RMAN Metadata and Data Protector Media Management Database Synchronization Summary

26 RMAN and Tivoli Storage Manager

Overview of Tivoli Storage Manager

TSM Server System Objects TSM Client RMAN Workshop: Configuring TDPO for Oracle

Performing an RMAN Backup Using TDPO

Default Channels

Deleting Database Backups Troubleshooting Common Backup Scenarios

Additional Troubleshooting

Summary

27 RMAN and CommVault Simpana

Simpana Overview

Installation Data Retention Schedule Policies

CommVault Oracle iDA: What Is It?

Configure an Oracle Instance Configure the Subclient

Initiate a Backup Restore Advanced Configurations RMAN Interface Troubleshooting Summary

PART VI Appendixes

A RMAN Scripting Examples

RMAN Scripts for Windows

Creating a Windows Script to Schedule Backups Scheduling the Backup

RMAN Scripts for Unix

B Setting Up an RMAN Test Environment

The Test Box

Match Your Production Environment Go Cheap—At a Price

The Oracle Configuration

Multiple Homes Creating Databases

The RMAN Configuration

Index

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