High Performance Drupal by Jeff Sheltren, Narayan Newton -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

High Performance Drupal Dedication Preface

Does Drupal Scale? Goals of This Book Supported Drupal Versions How This Book Is Organized

Performance Analysis Application Performance Infrastructure Databases Web Servers and Reverse Proxies Ongoing Testing Where to Next?

Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

From Jeff From Narayan From Nat

1. Beginning a Performance Project

Getting Started with Performance Improvements Establishing a Performance Baseline Setting Goals for Website Performance The Many Aspects of Drupal Performance Creating a Prioritized List of Improvements

2. Frontend Performance

Limiting HTTP Requests

Audits

Image Requests Minification

Minification On the Fly Preminification for Modules/Themes Minifying During the Build Process

Compression Cacheable Headers CDNs Keep Third-Party Libraries Up to Date

jQuery Update

External Scripts Single Points of Failure (SPOFs)

3. Drupal Performance Out of the Box

Page Caching When Should You Use Page Caching?

Internal Page Caching Reverse Proxy Caching

CSS and JavaScript Aggregation Logging The Cache and Other Swappable Storage Cron Views

4. Drupal Coding for Optimal Performance

Context Matters False Optimizations Listing Entities

entityQuery() Multiple Entity Loading

Caching

Static Caching Persistent Caching

Cache chains Cache bins getMultiple()/setMultiple()/deleteMultiple() Cache tags CacheArray Render caching

Queues and Workers Cache Stampedes and Race Conditions

5. Drupal Coding for Abysmal Performance

variable_set() Abuse External Requests Sessions Excessive Cache Granularity PHP Errors Debug Code in the Code Base Development Settings

6. Verifying Changes

Analyzing Frontend Performance

YSlow and Google PageSpeed Waterfall Charts Real User Monitoring

Analyzing Application Performance

The Devel Module

Page timing Memory usage Query log

Xdebug XHProf strace

7. Infrastructure Design and Planning

Horizontal and Vertical Scaling Service Categorization Working Well Together Example Two-Layer Configuration Example Larger-Scale Infrastructure Development and Staging Environments Internal Network Layout Utility Servers High Availability and Failover Hosting Considerations Summary

8. Service Monitoring

The Importance of Monitoring Services Monitoring Alerts with Icinga

What to Monitor How to Tune Monitoring

Graphing Monitoring Data Internal Versus Remote Monitoring

9. “DevOps”: Breaking Down Barriers Between Development and Operations

Revision Control Systems

Locally Hosted or External Service Not Just for Code

Configuration Management Systems

Which System to Use

Pulling It Together: In-Depth Example with Puppet and Git Development Virtual Machines

How to Distribute Development VMs with Vagrant

Deployment Workflow

Example Workflow with Git

Deployment with Jenkins CI

10. File Storage for Multiple Web Servers

rsync GlusterFS

Example Configuration

Single NFS Server HA NFS Cluster

Example Configuration Setting Up DRBD Setting Up Heartbeat Setting Up NFS Testing

Storage Area Networks (SANs)

11. Drupal and Cloud Deployments

What Is the Cloud? Why Use the Cloud? Infrastructure Overhead Prepackaged Clouds Common Issues with Cloud Deployments and Their Mitigations

12. Failover Configuration

IP Failover Versus DNS Failover Service-Level Issues Heartbeat

Installation Configuration Usage

13. MySQL

Drupal and MySQL Engines Versions of MySQL

Oracle MySQL MariaDB Percona Server

General Configuration

Global Configuration Per-Thread Configuration Storage Engine Configuration

Replication Virtualized Deployments

14. Tools for Managing and Monitoring MySQL

Percona Toolkit Openark Kit mysqlreport Percona Monitoring Plug-Ins

15. MySQL Query Optimization

Index Basics Base Tables and Join Order Common Issues

The ORDER BY on an Unrelated Table The Useless DISTINCT (“In Case of Accidents!”) Starfish Syndrome (All LEFT JOINS) Node Access

16. Alternative Storage and Cache Backends

Cache, Lock, and Session Storage Memcache In Depth

PHP Extensions for Memcache Assigning Memcached Servers and Bins Memcache Locking and Stampede Protection What to Store in Memcache Configuring the Memcache Daemon

How to Break Your Site with Memcache

Inconsistent Caching Constant Evictions Vanishing Sessions

Entity/Field Storage

EntityFieldQuery/EntityQuery CRUD MongoDB

17. Solr Search

Performance and Scalability Considerations Integrating Solr with Drupal Solr Configuration Indexing Content Infrastructure Considerations Solr Replication Drupal Module Installation

18. PHP and httpd Configuration

APC: PHP Opcode Cache php.ini Settings PHP Apache Module Versus CGI Apache MPM Settings Prefork Thread Settings KeepAlive Cache Headers Logging Server Signature Administrative Directory or VirtualHost Nginx

Why Not Use Nginx Everywhere?

19. Reverse Proxies and Content Delivery Networks

Using a Reverse Proxy with Drupal Understanding Varnish Configuration Language

Defining a Backend Directors: Dealing with Multiple Backend Servers Built-in VCL Subroutines Customizing Subroutines

Cookies and Varnish Caching for Authenticated Users Edge-Side Includes Serving Expired Content Error Pages Memory Allocation Logging and Monitoring Varnish Sample VCL for Drupal Content Delivery Networks

Serving Static Content Through a CDN When to Use a CDN Choosing Between a CDN and a Reverse Proxy

20. Load Testing

Different Types of Load Tests Creating a Valid Test When to Test

Continuous Integration (CI) Periodic Testing Manual Targeted Testing

Interpreting Test Results Server Monitoring During Load Tests Where to Test Example Load Test Using JMeter

Global Test Settings Thread Groups Handling Cookies Login Controller Browse Controller Output Configuration Running a Test Reading Test Results

21. Where to Next?

Official Book Website High Performance Drupal Group Drupal Watchdog Revision Control with Git Varnish Configuration Management Vagrant Jenkins MySQL Performance InnoDB Index Structures

Index About the Authors Colophon Copyright

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