Unix in a Nutshell, 4th Edition by Robbins, Arnold -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Unix in a Nutshell, 4th Edition

Preface

Audience Scope of This Book Conventions Using Code Examples Safari® Enabled How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

I. Commands and Shells

1. Introduction

1.1. Unix in the 21st Century 1.2. Obtaining Compilers

1.2.1. Solaris 1.2.2. GNU/Linux 1.2.3. Mac OS X

1.3. Building Software 1.4. What's in the Quick Reference 1.5. Beginner's Guide

1.5.1. Communication 1.5.2. Comparisons 1.5.3. File Management 1.5.4. Miscellaneous 1.5.5. Printing (BSD Commands) 1.5.6. Printing (System V Commands) 1.5.7. Programming 1.5.8. Searching 1.5.9. Shells 1.5.10. Shell Programming 1.5.11. Storage 1.5.12. System Status 1.5.13. Text Processing

1.6. Solaris: Standard Compliant Programs

2. Unix Commands

2.1. Introduction

2.1.1. Finding Commands on Solaris 2.1.2. Finding Commands on GNU/Linux and Mac OS X

2.2. Alphabetical Summary of Common Commands

aclocal apropos ar as at atq atrm autoconf autoheader automake awk banner basename bash batch bc biff bison bzip2 cal calendar cancel cat cc cd chgrp chmod chown cksum clear cmp comm cp cpio crontab csh csplit ctags curl cut date dc dd df diff diff3 dig dirname dos2unix du echo ed egrep eject emacs env etags evim ex expand expr factor false fdformat fgrep file find finger flex fmt ftp g++ gcc gcore gdb getconf getopts gettext ghostscript gprof grep groff groups gs gunzip gzcat gzip head hexdump hostname iconv id info join kill ksh ld ldd less lex link ln locale locate logger login logname look lp lpq lpr lprm lpstat ls m4 mail mailx make man mesg mkdir mkisofs mktemp more mount msgfmt mv nawk nice nl nm nohup nroff od passwd paste patch pathchk pax perl pr printenv printf ps pwd python r Commands rcs reset rm rmdir rsync samba scp screen script sdiff sed sftp sh size sleep soelim sort spell split ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen strings strip stty su tail talk tar tcsh tee telnet test time touch tr troff true tset tty type umask uname umount unexpand uniq units unix2dos unzip uptime users uudecode vi view vim vimdiff w wait wc whatis which who whoami xargs xgettext yacc zcat zip zipinfo

2.3. Alphabetical Summary of Solaris Commands

cde cdrw chkey decrypt digest dircmp dis encrypt enhance filesync gpatch keylogin keylogout line listusers mac mount nawk openwin page ps rksh setpgrp sotruss timex truss umount vacation volcheck whocalls

2.4. Alphabetical Summary of GNU/Linux Commands

aspell cdda2wav cdparanoia cdrdao cdrecord dir dircolors dvdrecord gawk gettextize igawk ispell ltrace lynx mac2unix md5sum mount mutt ooffice pdksh ps rename seq sha1sum shred skill slocate splint strace umount watch wget xmlto

2.5. Alphabetical Summary of Mac OS X Commands

apply chflags chfn chpass chsh defaults developer ditto lam leave mount nano open-x11 pbcopy pbpaste pico ps pstopdf pythonw say shar shlock srm umount

2.6. Alphabetical Summary of Java Commands

appletviewer apt jar jarsigner java javac javadoc javah javap jdb keytool rmic rmid rmiregistry

3. The Unix Shell: An Overview

3.1. Introduction to the Shell 3.2. Purpose of the Shell

3.2.1. Interactive Use 3.2.2. Customization of Your Unix Session 3.2.3. Programming

3.3. Shell Flavors

3.3.1. Which Shell Do I Want?

3.4. Shell Source Code URLs 3.5. Common Features 3.6. Differing Features

4. The Bash and Korn Shells

4.1. Overview of Features 4.2. Invoking the Shell

4.2.1. Options

4.2.1.1. Common options 4.2.1.2. Bash options

4.2.2. Arguments

4.3. Syntax

4.3.1. Special Files 4.3.2. Filename Metacharacters

4.3.2.1. Examples

4.3.3. Quoting

4.3.3.1. Examples

4.3.4. Command Forms

4.3.4.1. Examples

4.3.5. Redirection Forms

4.3.5.1. Simple redirection 4.3.5.2. Redirection using file descriptors 4.3.5.3. Multiple redirection 4.3.5.4. Examples

4.3.6. Coprocesses

4.3.6.1. Examples

4.4. Functions 4.5. Variables

4.5.1. Variable Substitution

4.5.1.1. Examples

4.5.2. Built-in Shell Variables 4.5.3. Other Shell Variables 4.5.4. Arrays 4.5.5. Discipline Functions (ksh93 Only) 4.5.6. Special Prompt Strings

4.6. Arithmetic Expressions

4.6.1. Operators 4.6.2. Built-in Mathematical Functions (ksh93 Only) 4.6.3. Examples

4.7. Command History

4.7.1. Line-Edit Mode

4.7.1.1. Common editing keystrokes

4.7.2. The fc and hist Commands

4.7.2.1. Examples

4.7.3. Programmable Completion (Bash Only)

4.7.3.1. Examples

4.8. Job Control 4.9. Command Execution 4.10. Restricted Shells 4.11. Built-in Commands (Bash and Korn Shells)

! # #!shell : . [[ ]] name () alias autoload bind bg break builtin builtin caller case cd command compgen complete continue declare dirs disown disown do done echo echo enable esac eval exec exit export false fc fc fg fi for for function functions getconf getopts hash hash help hist history history if integer jobs kill let local login logout nameref nohup popd print printf pwd pushd r read readonly redirect return select set shopt shift sleep source stop suspend test time times times trap true type type typeset ulimit umask unalias unset until wait whence while filename

5. tcsh: An Extended C Shell

5.1. Overview of Features 5.2. Invoking the Shell

5.2.1. Options 5.2.2. Arguments

5.3. Syntax

5.3.1. Special Files 5.3.2. Filename Metacharacters

5.3.2.1. Examples

5.3.3. Quoting

5.3.3.1. Examples

5.3.4. Command Forms

5.3.4.1. Examples

5.3.5. Redirection Forms

5.3.5.1. Simple redirection 5.3.5.2. Multiple redirection 5.3.5.3. Examples

5.4. Variables

5.4.1. Variable Substitution

5.4.1.1. Examples

5.4.2. Variable Modifiers

5.4.2.1. Examples using pathname modifiers 5.4.2.2. Examples using quoting modifiers

5.4.3. Predefined Shell Variables 5.4.4. Formatting for the Prompt Variable 5.4.5. Sample .tcshrc File 5.4.6. Environment Variables

5.5. Expressions

5.5.1. Operators

5.5.1.1. Assignment operators 5.5.1.2. Arithmetic operators 5.5.1.3. Bitwise and logical operators 5.5.1.4. Comparison operators 5.5.1.5. File inquiry operators

5.5.2. Examples

5.6. Command History

5.6.1. Command Substitution 5.6.2. Command Substitution Examples 5.6.3. Word Substitution 5.6.4. Word Substitution Examples 5.6.5. History Modifiers

5.6.5.1. Printing, substitution, and quoting 5.6.5.2. Truncation

5.6.6. History Modifier Examples 5.6.7. Special Aliases

5.6.7.1. Examples

5.7. Command-Line Manipulation

5.7.1. Completion 5.7.2. Related Shell Variables 5.7.3. Related Command-Line Editor Commands 5.7.4. Related Shell Built-ins 5.7.5. Command-Line Editing

5.7.5.1. Emacs mode 5.7.5.2. vi mode

5.8. Job Control 5.9. Built-in Commands

@ # #! : alias alloc bg bindkey break breaksw built-ins bye case cd chdir complete continue default dirs echo echotc else end endif endsw eval exec exit fg filetest foreach glob goto hashstat history hup if jobs kill limit log login logout ls-F newgrp nice nohup notify onintr popd printenv pushd rehash repeat sched set setenv settc setty shift source stop suspend switch telltc termname time umask unalias uncomplete unhash unlimit unset unsetenv wait watchlog where which while

6. Package Management

6.1. Linux Package Management 6.2. The Red Hat Package Manager

6.2.1. RPM Package Concepts 6.2.2. The rpm Command

6.2.2.1. General options 6.2.2.2. Install, upgrade, and freshen options 6.2.2.3. Query options 6.2.2.4. Uninstall options 6.2.2.5. Verify options 6.2.2.6. Database rebuild options 6.2.2.7. Signature check options 6.2.2.8. Miscellaneous options 6.2.2.9. FTP/HTTP options

6.2.3. RPM Examples 6.2.4. The rpmbuild Command

6.2.4.1. rpmbuild options

6.3. Yum: Yellowdog Updater Modified

6.3.1. The yum Command

6.3.1.1. General options

6.3.2. Yum Command Summary

check-update clean generate-rss groupinfo groupinstall grouplist groupremove groupupdate info install list localinstall localupdate makecache provides remove search update upgrade whatprovides

6.4. up2date: Red Hat Update Agent

6.4.1. Options

6.5. The Debian Package Manager

6.5.1. Files 6.5.2. Package Priorities 6.5.3. Package and Selection States 6.5.4. Package Flags 6.5.5. Scripts 6.5.6. Debian Package Manager Command Summary

apt-cache apt-cdrom apt-config apt-extracttemplates apt-ftparchive apt-get apt-sortpkgs aptitude dpkg dpkg-deb dpkg-query dpkg-split dselect synaptic

6.6. Mac OS X Package Management

6.6.1. Fink and Fink Commander 6.6.2. The GNU Mac OS X Public Archive 6.6.3. Building from Source

6.7. Solaris Package Management

6.7.1. Solaris Package Management Command Summary

installf pkgadd pkgadm pkgask pkgchk pkginfo pkgmk pkgparam pkgproto pkgrm removef

II. Text Editing and Processing

7. Pattern Matching

7.1. Filenames Versus Patterns 7.2. Metacharacters

7.2.1. Search Patterns 7.2.2. Replacement Patterns

7.3. Metacharacters, Listed by Unix Program 7.4. Examples of Searching

7.4.1. Examples of Searching and Replacing

8. The Emacs Editor

8.1. Conceptual Overview

8.1.1. Modes 8.1.2. Buffer and Window 8.1.3. Point and Mark 8.1.4. Kill and Yank 8.1.5. Notes on the Tables 8.1.6. Absolutely Essential Commands

8.2. Command-Line Syntax 8.3. Summary of Commands by Group

8.3.1. File-Handling Commands 8.3.2. Cursor-Movement Commands 8.3.3. Deletion Commands 8.3.4. Paragraphs and Regions 8.3.5. Stopping and Undoing Commands 8.3.6. Transposition Commands 8.3.7. Search Commands 8.3.8. Capitalization Commands 8.3.9. Word-Abbreviation Commands 8.3.10. Buffer-Manipulation Commands 8.3.11. Window Commands 8.3.12. Special Shell Characters 8.3.13. Indentation Commands 8.3.14. Centering Commands 8.3.15. Macro Commands 8.3.16. Basic Indentation Commands 8.3.17. Detail Information Help Commands 8.3.18. Help Commands

8.4. Summary of Commands by Key

8.4.1. Control-Key Sequences 8.4.2. Meta-Key Sequences

8.5. Summary of Commands by Name

9. The vi, ex, and vim Editors

9.1. Conceptual Overview 9.2. Command-Line Syntax

9.2.1. Command-Line Options

9.3. Review of vi Operations

9.3.1. Command Mode 9.3.2. Insert Mode 9.3.3. Syntax of vi Commands

9.3.3.1. Examples 9.3.3.2. Visual mode (vim only)

9.3.4. Status-Line Commands

9.4. vi Commands

9.4.1. Movement Commands

9.4.1.1. Character 9.4.1.2. Text 9.4.1.3. Lines 9.4.1.4. Screens 9.4.1.5. Searches 9.4.1.6. Line numbering 9.4.1.7. Marks

9.4.2. Insert Commands 9.4.3. Edit Commands

9.4.3.1. Changing and deleting text 9.4.3.2. Copying and moving

9.4.4. Saving and Exiting 9.4.5. Accessing Multiple Files 9.4.6. Window Commands (vim) 9.4.7. Interacting with the System 9.4.8. Macros 9.4.9. Miscellaneous Commands

9.5. vi Configuration

9.5.1. The :set Command 9.5.2. Options Used by :set 9.5.3. Example .exrc File

9.6. ex Basics

9.6.1. Syntax of ex Commands 9.6.2. Addresses 9.6.3. Address Symbols 9.6.4. Options

9.7. Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands

abbreviate append args bdelete buffer buffers cd center change close copy delete edit file fold foldclose foldopen global hide insert join jumps k left list map mark marks mkexrc move new next nohlsearch number only open preserve previous print put qall quit read read recover redo resize rewind right sbnext sbuffer set shell snext source split sprevious stop substitute suspend sview t tag tags unabbreviate undo unhide unmap v version view visual visual vsplit wall wnext write write wq wqall X xit yank z & @ = ! < > ~ address ENTER

10. The sed Editor

10.1. Conceptual Overview

10.1.1. Typical Uses of sed 10.1.2. sed Operation

10.2. Command-Line Syntax

10.2.1. Standard Options 10.2.2. GNU sed Options

10.3. Syntax of sed Commands

10.3.1. Pattern Addressing 10.3.2. Examples 10.3.3. GNU sed Regular Expression Extensions

10.4. Group Summary of sed Commands

10.4.1. Basic Editing 10.4.2. Line Information 10.4.3. Input/Output Processing 10.4.4. Yanking and Putting 10.4.5. Branching Commands 10.4.6. Multiline Input Processing

10.5. Alphabetical Summary of sed Commands

# : = a b c d D e g G h H i l n N p P q Q r R s t T v w W x y

11. The awk Programming Language

11.1. Conceptual Overview 11.2. Command-Line Syntax

11.2.1. Standard Options 11.2.2. Important gawk Options

11.3. Patterns and Procedures

11.3.1. Patterns 11.3.2. Procedures 11.3.3. Simple Pattern-Action Examples

11.4. Built-in Variables 11.5. Operators 11.6. Variable and Array Assignment

11.6.1. Escape Sequences 11.6.2. Octal and Hexadecimal Constants in gawk

11.7. User-Defined Functions 11.8. Gawk-Specific Features

11.8.1. Coprocesses and Sockets 11.8.2. Profiling 11.8.3. File Inclusion 11.8.4. Internationalization

11.9. Implementation Limits 11.10. Group Listing of awk Functions and Commands 11.11. Alphabetical Summary of awk Functions and Commands

# and asort asorti atan2 bindtextdomain break close compl continue cos dcgettext dcngettext delete do exit exp extension fflush for for function gensub getline gsub if index int length log lshift match mktime next nextfile or print printf rand return rshift sin split sprintf sqrt srand strftime strtonum sub substr system systime tolower toupper while xor

11.12. Output Redirections

11.12.1. printf Formats

11.13. Source Code

III. Software Development

12. Source Code Management: An Overview

12.1. Introduction and Terminology 12.2. Usage Models 12.3. Unix Source Code Management Systems 12.4. Other Source Code Management Systems

13. The Revision Control System

13.1. Overview of Commands 13.2. Basic Operation 13.3. General RCS Specifications

13.3.1. Keyword Substitution 13.3.2. Keywords 13.3.3. Example Values 13.3.4. Revision Numbering 13.3.5. Specifying the Date 13.3.6. Specifying States 13.3.7. Standard Options and Environment Variables

13.4. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

ci co ident merge rcs rcsclean rcsdiff rcsfreeze rcsmerge rlog

14. The Concurrent Versions System

14.1. Conceptual Overview

14.1.1. CVS Wrappers 14.1.2. Stickiness

14.2. Command-Line Syntax and Options

14.2.1. cvs Options 14.2.2. Common Subcommand Options

14.3. Dot Files 14.4. Environment Variables

14.4.1. Client Environment Variables 14.4.2. Server Environment Variables

14.5. Keywords and Keyword Modes 14.6. Dates

14.6.1. Legal Date Formats

14.6.1.1. ISO 8601 14.6.1.2. RFC 822 and RFC 1123

14.6.2. Legal Date Keywords 14.6.3. Time Zones

14.7. CVSROOT Variables

14.7.1. Environment Variables in CVSROOT Files 14.7.2. Internal Variables in CVSROOT Files 14.7.3. Shell Variables in CVSROOT Files

14.8. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

add admin annotate checkout commit diff edit editors export history import init kserver log login logout pserver rannotate rdiff release remove rlog rtag server status tag unedit update version watch watchers

15. The Subversion Version Control System

15.1. Conceptual Overview

15.1.1. Basic Version Control Operations 15.1.2. Building a Better CVS 15.1.3. Converting a Repository from CVS to Subversion 15.1.4. Special File Properties

15.2. Obtaining Subversion

15.2.1. Subversion Releases 15.2.2. A View Down the Road 15.2.3. Source Code

15.3. Using Subversion: A Quick Tour 15.4. The Subversion Command Line Client: svn

15.4.1. svn Options 15.4.2. svn Subcommands

add blame cat checkout cleanup commit copy delete diff export help import info list log merge mkdir move propdel propedit propget proplist propset resolved revert status switch update

15.5. Repository Administration: svnadmin

15.5.1. svnadmin Options 15.5.2. svnadmin Subcommands

create deltify dump help hotcopy list-dblogs list-unused-dblogs load lstxns recover rmtxns setlog verify

15.6. Examining the Repository: svnlook

15.6.1. svnlook Options 15.6.2. svnlook Subcommands

author cat changed date diff dirs-changed help history info log propget proplist tree uuid youngest

15.7. Providing Remote Access: svnserve

15.7.1. svnserve Options

15.8. Other Subversion Components

svndumpfilter svnversion

16. The GNU make Utility

16.1. Conceptual Overview 16.2. Command-Line Syntax

16.2.1. Options

16.3. Makefile Lines

16.3.1. Special Dependencies 16.3.2. Conditional Input

16.4. Macros

16.4.1. Creating and Using Macros

16.4.1.1. Defining macros 16.4.1.2. Macro values 16.4.1.3. Exporting macros 16.4.1.4. Overriding command-line macros

16.4.2. Internal Macros 16.4.3. Macro Modifiers 16.4.4. Macros with Special Handling 16.4.5. Text Manipulation with Macros and Functions

16.5. Special Target Names 16.6. Writing Command Lines

17. The GDB Debugger

17.1. Conceptual Overview

17.1.1. Source Code Locations

17.2. Command-Line Syntax 17.3. Initialization Files

17.3.1. The .gdbinit File 17.3.2. The .inputrc File

17.4. GDB Expressions

17.4.1. The Value History 17.4.2. Convenience Variables and Machine Registers 17.4.3. Special Expressions

17.5. The GDB Text User Interface 17.6. Group Listing of GDB Commands

17.6.1. Aliases for Other Commands 17.6.2. Breakpoints 17.6.3. Examining Data 17.6.4. Controlling and Examining Files 17.6.5. Running a Program 17.6.6. Examining the Stack 17.6.7. Status Inquiries 17.6.8. Support Facilities 17.6.9. Text User Interface Commands 17.6.10. Frequently Used Commands

17.7. Summary of set and show Commands

annotate architecture args auto-solib-add auto-solib-limit backtrace breakpoint can-use-hw-watchpoints case-sensitive coerce-float-to-double commands complaints confirm convenience copying cp-abi debug-file-directory demangle-style directories disassembly-flavor editing environment exec-done-display extension-language follow-fork-mode gnutarget height history input-radix language listsize logging max-user-call-depth opaque-type-resolution osabi output-radix overload-resolution pagination paths print prompt radix scheduler-locking solib-absolute-prefix solib-search-path step-mode stop-on-solib-events symbol-reloading trust-readonly-sections tui values variable verbose version warranty watchdog width write

17.8. Summary of the info Command 17.9. Alphabetical Summary of GDB Commands

add-symbol-file advance apropos attach awatch backtrace break call catch cd clear commands complete condition continue core-file define delete detach directory disable disassemble display document dont-repeat down down-silently echo edit else enable end exec-file fg file finish focus forward-search frame generate-core-file handle hbreak help if ignore inspect info jump kill layout list macro make mem next nexti nosharedlibrary output path print print-object printf ptype pwd quit rbreak refresh return reverse-search run rwatch search section select-frame set sharedlibrary shell show signal silent source step stepi symbol-file tbreak tcatch thbreak thread tty tui undisplay unset until up up-silently update watch whatis where while winheight x

18. Writing Manual Pages

18.1. Introduction 18.2. Overview of nroff/troff

18.2.1. Command-Line Invocation

18.2.1.1. Example

18.2.2. Conceptual Overview

18.2.2.1. Requests and macros 18.2.2.2. Specifying measurements 18.2.2.3. Requests that cause a line break 18.2.2.4. Embedded formatting controls

18.2.3. Outline of Useful Requests 18.2.4. Useful Escape Sequences 18.2.5. Special Characters

18.3. Alphabetical Summary of man Macros

.B .BI .BR .DT .HP .I .IB .IP .IR .LP .P .PD .PP .RB .RE .RI .RS .SB .SH .SM .SS .TH .TP

18.4. Predefined Strings 18.5. Internal Names 18.6. Sample Document

IV. References

A. ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) Character Set B. Bibliography

Unix Descriptions and Programmer's Manuals Unix Internals System and Network Administration Programming with the Unix Mindset Programming Languages TCP/IP Networking Software Development Emacs Standards O'Reilly Books

Index Colophon

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