Cassandra · The Definitive Guide by Hewitt, Eben -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cassandra: The Definitive Guide Dedication SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly A Note Regarding Supplemental Files Foreword Preface

Why Apache Cassandra? Is This Book for You? What’s in This Book? Finding Out More Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Enabled How to Contact Us Acknowledgments

Why Apache Cassandra? Is This Book for You? What’s in This Book? Finding Out More Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Enabled How to Contact Us Acknowledgments 1. Introducing Cassandra

What’s Wrong with Relational Databases? A Quick Review of Relational Databases

RDBMS: The Awesome and the Not-So-Much

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary Web Scale

RDBMS: The Awesome and the Not-So-Much

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary Web Scale The Cassandra Elevator Pitch

Cassandra in 50 Words or Less Distributed and Decentralized Elastic Scalability High Availability and Fault Tolerance Tuneable Consistency Brewer’s CAP Theorem Row-Oriented Schema-Free High Performance

Large Deployments Lots of Writes, Statistics, and Analysis Geographical Distribution Evolving Applications

Large Deployments Lots of Writes, Statistics, and Analysis Geographical Distribution Evolving Applications Who Is Using Cassandra? Summary

What’s Wrong with Relational Databases? A Quick Review of Relational Databases

RDBMS: The Awesome and the Not-So-Much

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary Web Scale

RDBMS: The Awesome and the Not-So-Much

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary

Transactions, ACID-ity, and two-phase commit Schema Sharding and shared-nothing architecture Summary Web Scale The Cassandra Elevator Pitch

Large Deployments Lots of Writes, Statistics, and Analysis Geographical Distribution Evolving Applications

Large Deployments Lots of Writes, Statistics, and Analysis Geographical Distribution Evolving Applications Who Is Using Cassandra? Summary 2. Installing Cassandra

Installing the Binary

Extracting the Download What’s In There?

Extracting the Download What’s In There? Building from Source

Additional Build Targets Building with Maven

Additional Build Targets Building with Maven Running Cassandra

On Windows On Linux Starting the Server

On Windows On Linux Starting the Server Running the Command-Line Client Interface Basic CLI Commands

Help Connecting to a Server Describing the Environment Creating a Keyspace and Column Family Writing and Reading Data

Help Connecting to a Server Describing the Environment Creating a Keyspace and Column Family Writing and Reading Data Summary

Installing the Binary

Extracting the Download What’s In There?

Extracting the Download What’s In There? Building from Source

Additional Build Targets Building with Maven

Additional Build Targets Building with Maven Running Cassandra

On Windows On Linux Starting the Server

On Windows On Linux Starting the Server Running the Command-Line Client Interface Basic CLI Commands

Help Connecting to a Server Describing the Environment Creating a Keyspace and Column Family Writing and Reading Data

Help Connecting to a Server Describing the Environment Creating a Keyspace and Column Family Writing and Reading Data Summary 3. The Cassandra Data Model

The Relational Data Model A Simple Introduction Clusters Keyspaces Column Families

Column Family Options

Column Family Options Columns

Wide Rows, Skinny Rows Column Sorting

Wide Rows, Skinny Rows Column Sorting Super Columns

Composite Keys

Composite Keys Design Differences Between RDBMS and Cassandra

No Query Language No Referential Integrity Secondary Indexes Sorting Is a Design Decision Denormalization

No Query Language No Referential Integrity Secondary Indexes Sorting Is a Design Decision Denormalization Design Patterns

Materialized View Valueless Column Aggregate Key

Materialized View Valueless Column Aggregate Key Some Things to Keep in Mind Summary

The Relational Data Model A Simple Introduction Clusters Keyspaces Column Families

Column Family Options

Column Family Options Columns

Wide Rows, Skinny Rows Column Sorting

Wide Rows, Skinny Rows Column Sorting Super Columns

Composite Keys

Composite Keys Design Differences Between RDBMS and Cassandra

No Query Language No Referential Integrity Secondary Indexes Sorting Is a Design Decision Denormalization

No Query Language No Referential Integrity Secondary Indexes Sorting Is a Design Decision Denormalization Design Patterns

Materialized View Valueless Column Aggregate Key

Materialized View Valueless Column Aggregate Key Some Things to Keep in Mind Summary 4. Sample Application

Data Design Hotel App RDBMS Design Hotel App Cassandra Design Hotel Application Code

Creating the Database

Loading the schema

Loading the schema Data Structures Getting a Connection Prepopulating the Database The Search Application

Creating the Database

Loading the schema

Loading the schema Data Structures Getting a Connection Prepopulating the Database The Search Application Twissandra Summary

Data Design Hotel App RDBMS Design Hotel App Cassandra Design Hotel Application Code

Creating the Database

Loading the schema

Loading the schema Data Structures Getting a Connection Prepopulating the Database The Search Application

Creating the Database

Loading the schema

Loading the schema Data Structures Getting a Connection Prepopulating the Database The Search Application Twissandra Summary 5. The Cassandra Architecture

System Keyspace Peer-to-Peer Gossip and Failure Detection Anti-Entropy and Read Repair Memtables, SSTables, and Commit Logs Hinted Handoff Compaction Bloom Filters Tombstones Staged Event-Driven Architecture Managers and Services

Cassandra Daemon Storage Service Messaging Service Hinted Handoff Manager

Cassandra Daemon Storage Service Messaging Service Hinted Handoff Manager Summary

Cassandra Daemon Storage Service Messaging Service Hinted Handoff Manager

Cassandra Daemon Storage Service Messaging Service Hinted Handoff Manager Summary 6. Configuring Cassandra

Keyspaces

Creating a Column Family Transitioning from 0.6 to 0.7

Creating a Column Family Transitioning from 0.6 to 0.7 Replicas Replica Placement Strategies

Simple Strategy Old Network Topology Strategy Network Topology Strategy

Simple Strategy Old Network Topology Strategy Network Topology Strategy Replication Factor

Increasing the Replication Factor

Increasing the Replication Factor Partitioners

Random Partitioner Order-Preserving Partitioner Collating Order-Preserving Partitioner Byte-Ordered Partitioner

Random Partitioner Order-Preserving Partitioner Collating Order-Preserving Partitioner Byte-Ordered Partitioner Snitches

Simple Snitch PropertyFileSnitch

Simple Snitch PropertyFileSnitch Creating a Cluster

Changing the Cluster Name Adding Nodes to a Cluster Multiple Seed Nodes

Changing the Cluster Name Adding Nodes to a Cluster Multiple Seed Nodes Dynamic Ring Participation Security

Using SimpleAuthenticator Programmatic Authentication Using MD5 Encryption Providing Your Own Authentication

Using SimpleAuthenticator Programmatic Authentication Using MD5 Encryption Providing Your Own Authentication Miscellaneous Settings Additional Tools

Viewing Keys Importing Previous Configurations

Viewing Keys Importing Previous Configurations Summary

Keyspaces

Creating a Column Family Transitioning from 0.6 to 0.7

Creating a Column Family Transitioning from 0.6 to 0.7 Replicas Replica Placement Strategies

Simple Strategy Old Network Topology Strategy Network Topology Strategy

Simple Strategy Old Network Topology Strategy Network Topology Strategy Replication Factor

Increasing the Replication Factor

Increasing the Replication Factor Partitioners

Random Partitioner Order-Preserving Partitioner Collating Order-Preserving Partitioner Byte-Ordered Partitioner

Random Partitioner Order-Preserving Partitioner Collating Order-Preserving Partitioner Byte-Ordered Partitioner Snitches

Simple Snitch PropertyFileSnitch

Simple Snitch PropertyFileSnitch Creating a Cluster

Changing the Cluster Name Adding Nodes to a Cluster Multiple Seed Nodes

Changing the Cluster Name Adding Nodes to a Cluster Multiple Seed Nodes Dynamic Ring Participation Security

Using SimpleAuthenticator Programmatic Authentication Using MD5 Encryption Providing Your Own Authentication

Using SimpleAuthenticator Programmatic Authentication Using MD5 Encryption Providing Your Own Authentication Miscellaneous Settings Additional Tools

Viewing Keys Importing Previous Configurations

Viewing Keys Importing Previous Configurations Summary 7. Reading and Writing Data

Query Differences Between RDBMS and Cassandra

No Update Query Record-Level Atomicity on Writes No Server-Side Transaction Support No Duplicate Keys

No Update Query Record-Level Atomicity on Writes No Server-Side Transaction Support No Duplicate Keys Basic Write Properties Consistency Levels Basic Read Properties The API

Ranges and Slices

Ranges and Slices Setup and Inserting Data Using a Simple Get Seeding Some Values Slice Predicate

Getting Particular Column Names with Get Slice Getting a Set of Columns with Slice Range

Counts Reversed

Counts Reversed Getting All Columns in a Row

Getting Particular Column Names with Get Slice Getting a Set of Columns with Slice Range

Counts Reversed

Counts Reversed Getting All Columns in a Row Get Range Slices Multiget Slice Deleting Batch Mutates

Batch Deletes Range Ghosts

Batch Deletes Range Ghosts Programmatically Defining Keyspaces and Column Families Summary

Query Differences Between RDBMS and Cassandra

No Update Query Record-Level Atomicity on Writes No Server-Side Transaction Support No Duplicate Keys

No Update Query Record-Level Atomicity on Writes No Server-Side Transaction Support No Duplicate Keys Basic Write Properties Consistency Levels Basic Read Properties The API

Ranges and Slices

Ranges and Slices Setup and Inserting Data Using a Simple Get Seeding Some Values Slice Predicate

Getting Particular Column Names with Get Slice Getting a Set of Columns with Slice Range

Counts Reversed

Counts Reversed Getting All Columns in a Row

Getting Particular Column Names with Get Slice Getting a Set of Columns with Slice Range

Counts Reversed

Counts Reversed Getting All Columns in a Row Get Range Slices Multiget Slice Deleting Batch Mutates

Batch Deletes Range Ghosts

Batch Deletes Range Ghosts Programmatically Defining Keyspaces and Column Families Summary 8. Clients

Basic Client API Thrift

Thrift Support for Java Exceptions Thrift Summary

Thrift Support for Java Exceptions Thrift Summary Avro

Avro Ant Targets Avro Specification Avro Summary

Avro Ant Targets Avro Specification Avro Summary A Bit of Git Connecting Client Nodes

Client List Round-Robin DNS Load Balancer

Client List Round-Robin DNS Load Balancer Cassandra Web Console Hector

Features The Hector API

Features The Hector API HectorSharp Chirper Chiton Pelops Kundera Fauna Summary

Basic Client API Thrift

Thrift Support for Java Exceptions Thrift Summary

Thrift Support for Java Exceptions Thrift Summary Avro

Avro Ant Targets Avro Specification Avro Summary

Avro Ant Targets Avro Specification Avro Summary A Bit of Git Connecting Client Nodes

Client List Round-Robin DNS Load Balancer

Client List Round-Robin DNS Load Balancer Cassandra Web Console Hector

Features The Hector API

Features The Hector API HectorSharp Chirper Chiton Pelops Kundera Fauna Summary 9. Monitoring

Logging

Tailing General Tips

Following along Warning signs

Tailing General Tips

Following along Warning signs

Following along Warning signs Overview of JMX and MBeans

MBeans Integrating JMX

MBeans Integrating JMX Interacting with Cassandra via JMX Cassandra’s MBeans

org.apache.cassandra.concurrent org.apache.cassandra.db org.apache.cassandra.gms org.apache.cassandra.service

StorageService StreamingService

org.apache.cassandra.concurrent org.apache.cassandra.db org.apache.cassandra.gms org.apache.cassandra.service

StorageService StreamingService

StorageService StreamingService Custom Cassandra MBeans Runtime Analysis Tools

Heap Analysis with JMX and JHAT Detecting Thread Problems

Heap Analysis with JMX and JHAT Detecting Thread Problems Health Check Summary

Logging

Tailing General Tips

Following along Warning signs

Tailing General Tips

Following along Warning signs

Following along Warning signs Overview of JMX and MBeans

MBeans Integrating JMX

MBeans Integrating JMX Interacting with Cassandra via JMX Cassandra’s MBeans

org.apache.cassandra.concurrent org.apache.cassandra.db org.apache.cassandra.gms org.apache.cassandra.service

StorageService StreamingService

org.apache.cassandra.concurrent org.apache.cassandra.db org.apache.cassandra.gms org.apache.cassandra.service

StorageService StreamingService

StorageService StreamingService Custom Cassandra MBeans Runtime Analysis Tools

Heap Analysis with JMX and JHAT Detecting Thread Problems

Heap Analysis with JMX and JHAT Detecting Thread Problems Health Check Summary 10. Maintenance

Getting Ring Information

Info Ring

Range Tokens

Info Ring

Range Tokens

Range Tokens Getting Statistics

Using cfstats Using tpstats

Using cfstats Using tpstats Basic Maintenance

Repair Flush Cleanup

Repair Flush Cleanup Snapshots

Taking a Snapshot Clearing a Snapshot

Taking a Snapshot Clearing a Snapshot Load-Balancing the Cluster

loadbalance and streams

loadbalance and streams Decommissioning a Node Updating Nodes

Removing Tokens Compaction Threshold Changing Column Families in a Working Cluster

Removing Tokens Compaction Threshold Changing Column Families in a Working Cluster Summary

Getting Ring Information

Info Ring

Range Tokens

Info Ring

Range Tokens

Range Tokens Getting Statistics

Using cfstats Using tpstats

Using cfstats Using tpstats Basic Maintenance

Repair Flush Cleanup

Repair Flush Cleanup Snapshots

Taking a Snapshot Clearing a Snapshot

Taking a Snapshot Clearing a Snapshot Load-Balancing the Cluster

loadbalance and streams

loadbalance and streams Decommissioning a Node Updating Nodes

Removing Tokens Compaction Threshold Changing Column Families in a Working Cluster

Removing Tokens Compaction Threshold Changing Column Families in a Working Cluster Summary 11. Performance Tuning

Data Storage Reply Timeout Commit Logs Memtables Concurrency Caching Buffer Sizes Using the Python Stress Test

Generating the Python Thrift Interfaces

Getting Thrift

Getting Thrift Running the Python Stress Test

Generating the Python Thrift Interfaces

Getting Thrift

Getting Thrift Running the Python Stress Test Startup and JVM Settings

Tuning the JVM

Tuning the JVM Summary

Data Storage Reply Timeout Commit Logs Memtables Concurrency Caching Buffer Sizes Using the Python Stress Test

Generating the Python Thrift Interfaces

Getting Thrift

Getting Thrift Running the Python Stress Test

Generating the Python Thrift Interfaces

Getting Thrift

Getting Thrift Running the Python Stress Test Startup and JVM Settings

Tuning the JVM

Tuning the JVM Summary 12. Integrating Hadoop

What Is Hadoop? Working with MapReduce

Cassandra Hadoop Source Package

Cassandra Hadoop Source Package Running the Word Count Example

Outputting Data to Cassandra Hadoop Streaming

Outputting Data to Cassandra Hadoop Streaming Tools Above MapReduce

Pig Hive

Pig Hive Cluster Configuration Use Cases

Raptr.com: Keith Thornhill Imagini: Dave Gardner

Raptr.com: Keith Thornhill Imagini: Dave Gardner Summary

What Is Hadoop? Working with MapReduce

Cassandra Hadoop Source Package

Cassandra Hadoop Source Package Running the Word Count Example

Outputting Data to Cassandra Hadoop Streaming

Outputting Data to Cassandra Hadoop Streaming Tools Above MapReduce

Pig Hive

Pig Hive Cluster Configuration Use Cases

Raptr.com: Keith Thornhill Imagini: Dave Gardner

Raptr.com: Keith Thornhill Imagini: Dave Gardner Summary A. The Nonrelational Landscape

Nonrelational Databases Object Databases XML Databases

SoftwareAG Tamino eXist Oracle Berkeley XML DB MarkLogic Server Apache Xindice Summary

SoftwareAG Tamino eXist Oracle Berkeley XML DB MarkLogic Server Apache Xindice Summary Document-Oriented Databases

IBM Lotus Apache CouchDB MongoDB Riak

IBM Lotus Apache CouchDB MongoDB Riak Graph Databases

FlockDB Neo4J

FlockDB Neo4J Key-Value Stores and Distributed Hashtables

Amazon Dynamo Project Voldemort Redis

Amazon Dynamo Project Voldemort Redis Columnar Databases

Google Bigtable HBase Hypertable Polyglot Persistence

Google Bigtable HBase Hypertable Polyglot Persistence Summary

Nonrelational Databases Object Databases XML Databases

SoftwareAG Tamino eXist Oracle Berkeley XML DB MarkLogic Server Apache Xindice Summary

SoftwareAG Tamino eXist Oracle Berkeley XML DB MarkLogic Server Apache Xindice Summary Document-Oriented Databases

IBM Lotus Apache CouchDB MongoDB Riak

IBM Lotus Apache CouchDB MongoDB Riak Graph Databases

FlockDB Neo4J

FlockDB Neo4J Key-Value Stores and Distributed Hashtables

Amazon Dynamo Project Voldemort Redis

Amazon Dynamo Project Voldemort Redis Columnar Databases

Google Bigtable HBase Hypertable Polyglot Persistence

Google Bigtable HBase Hypertable Polyglot Persistence Summary Glossary Index About the Author Colophon SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly Copyright

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