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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Ancient Medicine and Its Practitioners
Primitive Medicine and Folklore
Medicine Man
The Ancient Middle East and Egypt
Imhotep
Traditional Medicine and Surgery in Asia
India
China
Japan
The Roots of Western Medicine
Early Greece
Hippocrates
Hippocratic Oath
Hellenistic and Roman Medicine
Public Baths
Chapter 2: Medicine in the Medieval and Renaissance Eras
Christian and Muslim Reservoirs of Learning
Translators and Saints
Hunayn ibn Ishāq
Arabian Medicine
Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Salerno and the Medical Schools
The Spread of New Learning
The Enlightenment
Harvey and the Experimental Method
The Futile Search for an Easy System
Medicine in the 18th Century
Midwifery
Major Figures in 18th-Century Medicine
William Cullen
Edward Jenner
René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec
Benjamin Rush
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Chapter 3: The Rise of Scientific Medicine in the 19th Century
Emergence of Physiology
Verification of Germ Theory
Discoveries in Clinical Medicine and Anesthesia
Chloroform
Advances at the End of the 19th Century
Filarial Worm
Notable 19th-Century Physicians
William Beaumont
Claude Bernard
Jules Bordet
Gardner Quincy Colton
Carlos J. Finlay
Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle
Sir Patrick Manson
William Thomas Morton
Johannes Peter Müller
Francesco Redi
Sir Ronald Ross
Sir James Young Simpson
John Snow
Chapter 4: Immunology and the 20th-Century Fight Against Infectious Disease
Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy
The Introduction of Antibiotics
Sulfonamide Drugs
Sulfonamide
Penicillin
Antituberculous Drugs
Other Antibiotics
Immunology and Immunization
Antibacterial Vaccination
Typhoid Mary
Immunization Against Viral Diseases
The Immune Response
Major 20th-Century Figures in Immunology and Infectious Disease
Emil von Behring
Sir Ernst Boris Chain
Leonard Colebrook
Paul Ehrlich
Sir Alexander Fleming
Howard Walter Florey
Camille Guérin
Kitasato Shibasaburo
Albert Bruce Sabin
Jonas Edward Salk
Selman Waksman
Chapter 5: Progress in the Understanding of Disease in the 20th Century
Endocrinology
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Insulin
Cortisone
Sex Hormones
Nutrition and Vitamins
Tropical Medicine
Notable Figures in the Advancement of 20th-Century Medicine
Sir Frederick Banting
Sir William Maddock Bayliss
Charles H. Best
Adolf Butenandt
Christiaan Eijkman
Beriberi
Philip Showalter Hench
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
Edward Calvin Kendall
J.J.R. Macleod
George Richards Minot
William P. Murphy
George Redmayne Murray
Tadeus Reichstein
Leopold Ružička
Ernest Henry Starling
Jokichi Takamine
George H. Whipple
Chapter 6: Developments in the Understanding of Cancer
Achieving a Basic Understanding of Cancer
Radium
The Role of Retroviruses
Smoking and Health
Major Figures in the History of Cancer Research
David Baltimore
J. Michael Bishop
Johannes Fibiger
Charles B. Huggins
Salvador Luria
Sir Percivall Pott
Peyton Rous
Elizabeth Stern
E. Donnall Thomas
Harold Varmus
Rudolf Virchow
Bert Vogelstein
Chapter 7: Surgery in the 20th Century and Beyond
Obstacles in the Development of Surgery
Changes Before World War I
Abdominal Surgery
Neurosurgery
Radiology
Surgery and World War I
Dakin’s Solution
Between the World Wars
The Problem of Shock
Anesthesia and Thoracic Surgery
World War II and After
Support From Other Technologies
Heart Surgery
Organ Transplantation
Contemporary Surgery
Notable Figures in Surgery From the 19th Century to Today
Christiaan Barnard
Theodor Billroth
Denton A. Cooley
Harvey Williams Cushing
Michael DeBakey
Clarence Dennis
Charles Richard Drew
William Stewart Halsted
Sir Victor Horsley
Karl Landsteiner
Norman E. Shumway
Daniel Hale Williams
Chapter 8: Nursing and Influential Nurses in History
Historical Overview of Nursing
Florence Nightingale
Family Ties and Spiritual Awakening
Nursing in Peace and War
Homecoming and Legacy
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Florence A. Blanchfield
Mary Breckinridge
Edith Cavell
Sue Sophia Dauser
Jane A. Delano
Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey
Clara Maass
Mary Mahoney
Lucy Minnigerode
Mary Adelaide Nutting
Mary Seacole
Mabel Keaton Staupers
Florence Wald
Lillian D. Wald
Henry Street Settlement
Chapter 9: Pioneers of Modern Medicine
Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
Virginia Apgar
Apgar Score System
Oswald Avery
Sara Josephine Baker
William Bateson
Alexander Gordon Bearn
Elizabeth Blackwell
Baruch S. Blumberg
Emeline Horton Cleveland
Mary Putnam Jacobi
Mayo Family
Menninger Family
Antonia Novello
Sir William Osler
Mary Jane Safford
David Satcher
Marie Stopes
Helen Brooke Taussig
Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
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