The Purpose of Mark's Gospel · An Early Christian Response to Roman Imperial Propaganda by Winn, Adam -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Acknowledgments Contents Preliminary Remarks and Abbreviations Introduction

1 Purpose of the Present Study 2 Method of the Present Study 3 Outline of the Present Study 4 Preliminary Considerations for the Present Study

4.1 Author/Audience 4.2 Genre 4.3 Markan Redaction

Chapter 1. Surveying the Purpose of Mark's Gospel in the History of New Testament Scholarship

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Historical Purpose

1.2.1 From Pre-modern Times to Present Day 1.2.2 Evaluation of a Historical Purpose

1.3 Theological Purpose

1.3.1 Christology

The Messianic Secret Corrective Christology Christological Purpose

1.3.2 Eschatology

Willi Marxsen Werner Kelber

1.4 Pastoral Purpose 1.5 Evangelistic Purpose: Robert H. Gundry 1.6 Socio-Political Purpose

1.6.1 Defensive Purpose

S. G. F. Brandon H. N. Roskam

1.6.2 Subversive Purpose: Richard Horsley

1.7 Conclusions

Chapter 2. Mark's Date and Provenance

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Dating Mark's Gospel

2.2.1 An Early Date for Mark (Pre-65 C.E.): The External Evidence 2.2.2 An Early Date for Mark (Pre-65 C.E.): The Internal Evidence 2.2.3 Mark's Relationship to the Temple's Destruction: A Pre- or Post-70 Dating?

The Criterion of Specificity The Criterion of Reasonableness The Criterion of Similarity The Criterion of Motivation The Criterion of Risk-Reward Conclusions to be Drawn from the Criteria

2.2.4 Reading Mark 13 in Light of a Post 70 Date of Composition 2.2.5 Conclusions concerning Mark's Date of Composition

2.3 Mark's Provenance

2.3.1 Rome: The External Evidence 2.3.2 Rome: The Internal Evidence 2.3.3 Galilee 2.3.4 Syria 2.3.5 Conclusions concerning Mark's Provenance

Chapter 3. Analysis of Mark's Major Features

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Markan Incipit 3.3 Markan Christology

3.3.1 Christological Identity

Messiah Son of God Son of Man

3.3.2 Christological Presentation

Prologue 1:1-13 (14-15) Galilean Ministry Caesarea Philippi Jerusalem Ministry Passion Narrative Conclusions

3.3.3 Christological Secrecy

Identifying Mark's Secrecy Motif Characterizing Mark's Secrecy Motif

3.3.4 Christological Conclusions

3.4 Markan Discipleship

3.4.1 The Twelve Disciples as Models of Discipleship 3.4.2 Minor Characters as Models of Discipleship 3.4.3 Jesus' Teaching on Discipleship 3.4.4 Conclusions concerning Discipleship

3.5 Markan Eschatology

Chapter 4. Reconstructing Mark's Historical Situation

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Reconstructing the Historical Situation of Mark's Readers

4.2.1 The Emperor Vespasian

Vespasian's Rise to Power Vespasian's Problems and Propaganda Vespasian's Triumph Vespasian, the Second Augustus The Impact of Flavian Propaganda on the Church in Rome

4.2.2 The Aftermath of the Jewish Revolt and Its Impact on the Church in Rome

Eschatological Anxiety? Fear of Persecution?

4.2.3 Conclusions concerning Mark's Historical Situation

4.3 Comparing a Reconstructed Historical Situation with Indicators of Mark's Sitz im Leben

4.3.1 Imperial Cult Intertwined Messianic Hope 4.3.2 False Prophets and Messianic Claimants 4.3.3 Christology of Power 4.3.4 Persecuted Community 4.3.5 Wavering Disciples 4.3.6 Eschatological Confusion 4.3.7 Summarizing Comparisons

Chapter 5. Reading Mark's Major Features in Light of Mark's Historical Situation

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Reading Mark's Incipit in Light of Mark's Historical Situation 5.3 Reading Mark's Christology in Light of Mark's Historical Situation

5.3.1 Jesus' Impressive Resume: Christological Identity Excursus: Mark's use of "Son of God" in light of a polemic against Vespasian 5.3.2 Jesus' Impressive Resume: Christological Presentation

Powerful Exorcist Powerful Healer Power over Nature Powerful Prophet Powerful Benefactor Imperial Modesty Weakness as Strength

5.4 Reading Mark's Presentation of Discipleship in Light of Mark's Historical Situation

5.4.1 Mark's Primary Features of Discipleship 5.4.2 Mark's Secondary Features of Discipleship

5.5 Reading Markan Eschatology in Light of Mark's Historical Situation 5.6 Summary: Formulating a Statement on the Purpose of Mark's Gospel

Summary of Conclusions Bibliography Index of Ancient Sources Index of Modern Authors Index of Subjects

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