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Cover Page
1 Search: Reflecting Consciousness and Connecting Commerce
The Mission of Search Engines
The Market Share of Search Engines
The Human Goals of Searching
Who Searches and What Do They Search For?
Determining Searcher Intent: A Challenge for Search Marketers and Search Engines
Navigational Queries
Informational Queries
Transactional Queries
Adaptive Search
Leveraging Searcher Intent
How People Search
How Search Engines Drive E-Commerce
The Mobile Shift
The History of Eye Tracking: How Users Scan Results Pages
Click Tracking: How Users Click on Results, Natural Versus Paid
Distribution of Search Results and Traffic
Conclusion
2 Search Engine Basics
Understanding Search Engine Results
Understanding the Layout of Search Results Pages
How Vertical Results Fit into the SERPs
Google’s Knowledge Graph
Algorithm-Based Ranking Systems: Crawling, Indexing, and Ranking
Crawling and Indexing
Retrieval and Ranking
Evaluating Content on a Web Page
What Content Can Search Engines “See” on a Web Page?
Determining Searcher Intent and Delivering Relevant, Fresh Content
Document Analysis and Semantic Connectivity
Measuring Content Quality and User Engagement
Evaluating Social Media Signals
Problem Words, Disambiguation, and Diversity
A Few Reasons Why These Algorithms Sometimes Fail
The Knowledge Graph
Analyzing Ranking Factors
Negative Ranking Factors
Other Ranking Factors
Using Advanced Search Techniques
Advanced Google Search Operators
Bing Advanced Search Operators
More Advanced Search Operator Techniques
Vertical Search Engines
Vertical Search from the Major Search Engines
Image search
Universal Search/Blended Search
Country-Specific Search Engines
Optimizing for Specific Countries
Conclusion
3 SEO Planning: Customizing Your Strategy
Strategic Goals SEO Practitioners Can Fulfill
Visibility (Branding)
Website Traffic
High ROI
Every SEO Strategy Should be Customized
Understanding Search Engine Traffic and Visitor Intent
Developing an SEO Plan Prior to Site Development
Business Factors That Impact Your SEO Strategy
Understanding Your Audience and Finding Your Niche
Mapping Your Products and Services
Segmenting Your Site’s Audience
Context: Market Competitiveness
SEO for Raw Traffic
SEO for Ecommerce Sales
SEO for Mindshare & Branding
SEO for Lead Generation and Direct Marketing
SEO for Reputation Management
SEO for Ideological Influence
Advanced Methods for Planning and Evaluation
SWOT analysis
SWOT Guidelines
Conclusion
4 SEO Implementation: First Stages
The Importance of Planning
Identifying the Site Development Process and Players
Development Platform & Information Architecture
Technology Decisions
Structural Decisions
Mobile Sites & Mobile Apps
Auditing an Existing Site to Identify SEO Problems
Elements of an Audit
The Importance of Keyword Reviews
Keyword Cannibalization
Example: Fixing an Internal Linking Problem
Server and Hosting Issues
Identifying Current Server Statistics Software and Gaining Access
Web Analytics
Logfile Tracking
Google and Bing Webmaster Tools
Determining Top Competitors
Two Spam Examples
Seeking the Best
Uncovering Their Secrets
Assessing Historical Progress
Maintain a Timeline of Site Changes
Types of Site Changes That Can Affect SEO
Previous SEO Work
Benchmarking Current Indexing Status
Benchmarking Organic Rankings
Benchmarking Current Traffic Sources and Volume
Leveraging Business Assets for SEO
Other Domains You Own/Control
Relationships On and Off the Web
Content or Data You’ve Never Put Online
Customers Who Have Had a Positive Experience
Followers, Friends, and Fans
Conclusion
5 Keyword Research
The Theory Behind Keyword Research
Start by Thinking Strategically
Understanding the Long Tail of the Keyword Demand Curve
Impact of Google Hummingbird
Keyword “not provided” and Co-Occurrence Analysis
Traditional Approaches: Domain Expertise, Site Content Analysis
Include Competitive Analysis
Integrating Keyword Research, Co-Occurrence Analysis, and Knowledge of User Intent
Keyword Research Tools
Things to Keep in Mind
Keyword Research Data from the Engines
Keyword Research with Tools
KeywordSpy
Determining Keyword Value & Potential ROI
Estimating Value, Relevance, and Conversion Rates
Testing Ad Campaign Runs and Third-Party Search Data
Using Landing Page Optimization
Leveraging the Long Tail of Keyword Demand
Extracting Terms from Relevant Web Pages
Mining Keyword Research Tools
Identifying Long Tail Patterns
Editorial Content Strategies for Long Tail Targeting
User-Generated Content Strategies for Long Tail Targeting
Trending, Seasonality, and Seasonal Fluctuations in Keyword Demand
Conclusion
6 Developing an SEO-Friendly Website
Making Your Site Accessible to Search Engines
Indexable Content
Spiderable Link Structures
XML Sitemaps
Creating an Optimal Information Architecture (IA)
The Importance of a Logical, Category-Based Flow
Site Architecture Design Principles
Flat Versus Deep Architecture
Search-Friendly Site Navigation
Root Domains, Subdomains, and Microsites
When to Use a Subfolder
When to Use a Subdomain
When to Use a Separate Root Domain
Microsites
When to Use a TLD Other Than .com
Optimization of Domain Names/URLs
Optimizing Domains
Picking the Right URLs
Keyword Targeting
HTML Title Tags
Meta Description Tags
Heading (H1, H2, H3) Tags
Document Text
Image Filenames and Alt Attributes
Boldface Text
Avoiding Keyword Cannibalization
Keyword Targeting in CMS’ and Automatically Generated Content
Encouraging Effective Keyword Targeting by Content Creators
Long Tail Keyword Targeting
Content Optimization
Content Structure
CSS and Semantic Markup
Content Uniqueness and Depth
Content Themes
Duplicate Content Issues
Consequences of Duplicate Content
How Search Engines Identify Duplicate Content
Identifying and Addressing Copyright Infringement
How to Avoid Duplicate Content on Your Own Site
Controlling Content with Cookies and Session IDs
What’s a Cookie?
What Are Session IDs?
How Do Search Engines Interpret Cookies and Session IDs?
Why Would You Want to Use Cookies or Session IDs to Control Search Engine Access?
Content Delivery and Search Spider Control
Cloaking and Segmenting Content Delivery
When to Show Different Content to Engines and Visitors
How to Display Different Content to Search Engines Versus Visitors
Redirects
Why and When to Redirect
Good and Bad Redirects
Methods for URL Redirecting and Rewriting
Redirecting a Home Page Index File Without Looping
Content Management System (CMS) Issues
Selecting a CMS
Third-Party CMS Add-ons
Flash Coding Best Practices
Best Practices for Multilanguage/Country Targeting
Targeting a Specific Country
Problems with Using Your Existing Domain
The Two Major Approaches
Multiple-Language Issues
Semantic Search
Google’s Hummingbird
Semantic Search and SEO
Entities and Semantic Search
What About Structured Data?
Schema.org
Overview
How to use Schema.org
Summary
Google Authorship and Author Authority
A Brief History of Google Authorship
Why Did Google End Support for rel=author?
Is Author Authority Dead for Google?
Google+ Authors in Personalized Search
The Future of Author Authority at Google
Building Author Authority
Google’s Publisher Tag
Google’s Knowledge Graph and the Knowledge Vault
Overview of Changes in Search Complexity
Fair Use?
How the Knowledge Vault Works
The Future of the Knowledge Vault
Conclusion
7 Content Marketing
How Links Historically Influenced Search Engine Rankings
The Original PageRank Algorithm
Additional Factors That Influence Link Value
How Search Engines Use Links
Further Refining How Search Engines Judge Links
Additional Link Evaluation Criteria
How Search Engines Determine a Link’s Value
Creating Content That Attracts Links
How are Links Earned?
How Can Sites Approach Getting Links?
Introduction to Content Marketing
Content Marketing Basics
Content Types
Content Marketing Strategies
Developing Content That Works
Content Ideation and Creativity
Repurposing Content
What Makes Content “High Quality”?
Emotional Triggers, Titles, and Images
The Power of Memes
The Role of Engagement in Content Marketing
Choosing the Right Content Marketing Strategy
Identify types of sites that might link to a site like yours
Placing a Value on the Sites
Find out where your competitors get links
Review your website assets
Segmentation, Identifying Personas and Targeting Content
Content Marketing Process Summary
Putting It All Together
Types of Content Marketing Campaigns
Guest Posting
Create High Quality, Differentiated Content
Aim high
Quality Trumps Quantity
Picking targets
Content Syndication
Creating Link Worthy or Viral Content
Leveraging User-Generated Content
Building an Audience
Other People’s Audiences
Influencers and Influencer Marketing
Get Active in Social Media
Paid Social Media
Social Distribution
Social Amplification Steps
Psychographic Targeting
Social Advertising Can Drive Links to Your Site
Offline Relationship Building
Relationships and Outreach
Building Relationships with Influencers
Creating a value proposition for a relationship
What about direct email pitches
Other Ways to Earn Links
Web Directories
Manual Social Media Link Creation
Gray Hat/Black Hat
Purchasing links for SEO
Google’s policy on paid links
Strategies that are not considered buying links
Link Swapping
Link farms/link networks
How Search Engines Fight Link Spam
Google’s Penguin Algorithm
Other Algorithmic Approaches to Fighting Link Spam
Negative Link Building
Unnatural Links Messages
Other Search Engine Courses of Action
Social Networking for Links
Blogging for Links
Leverage Major Social Media Platforms
Social Media Networking Tips
Content Marketing Success Stories Using YouTube
Guest Post Success Story
Social Media Summary
Conclusion
8 How Social Media and User Data Play a Role in Search Results and Rankings
Correlation between Social Signals and Google Rankings
What is the Value of Social Signals?
Bing’s Experiments with Social Signals
Does Google Use Facebook as a Ranking Signal?
Does Google Use Twitter as a Ranking Signal?
Does Google Use Google+ as a Ranking Signal?
Personalization
Google+ Posts in the SERPs
Brand Pages in the Search Results
Google+ Impact of Non-Personalized Rankings of Content
Study on Google+ as a Ranking Factor
How Might Google Google+ as a Ranking Factor?
The Indirect Influence of Social Media Marketing
Summary of Social Sources to Consider
Monitoring, Measuring, and Improving Social Media Marketing
Best Practices and Recommendations for Social Media Marketing
Claim Key Profiles
Tracking Social Media
User Engagement as a Measure of Search Quality
How Google and Bing Collect Engagement Metrics
Document Analysis
Optimizing User Experience to Improve SEO
Additional Social Media Resources
Social Media Blogs
Conclusion
9 Panda, Penguin & Penalties
Diagnosing the Cause for a Traffic Loss
Summary of Major Google Algorithms
Panda
Causes of Panda
Google Cares about Diversity
Role of Authority
Issues on One Part of Your Site Can Impact the Entire Site
Path to Recovery
Addressing Weak Pages
Expected Timeline to Recovery
What if You Don’t Recover?
Successful Panda Recovery Example
Penguin
Diagnosis
Causes of Penguin
Path to Recovery
Manual Penalties
Google Webmaster Tools Messages
Types of Manual Penalties, Other Than Link Penalties
Thin Content Penalties
Other Types of Manual Penalties
Links Google Does Not Like
Partial Link Penalties
Sitewide Link Penalties
Link Cleanup Process
Sources of Data
Using Tools
The Link Disavow Tool
Link Removal Process Outline
Filing Reconsideration Requests
Expected Reconsideration Request Timeline
Conclusion
10 Mobile, Local, & Vertical SEO
The Mobile Landscape
SEO for Mobile
App SEO: Deep Linking & Indexing for Mobile Search
Vertical Search
Opportunities for Vertical Content Optimization
Universal Search = Blended Search
The Opportunity Unleashed
Optimizing for Local Search
Google Knowledge Graph Carousel
A Note on NAP Consistency
Bing Places for Business
Yahoo! Local
Optimize Your Business Website for Local Search
Optimizing for Image Search
Image Optimization Tips
Optimizing for Google Shopping Search
Getting into Google Shopping
Submitting a Product Feed
Optimizing a Product Feed
Product Feed Promotion in AdWords
Reporting Results of Shopping Ads
Optimizing for News, Blog & Video Search
Blog Search Optimization
News Search Optimization: Getting in to Google News
GETTING INTO GOOGLE NEWS
PAYWALLS & SUBSCRIPTION SITES
Google News Publisher Center
Technical Requirements
Headlines
Meta Tags
Thumbnail Images in Google News
Re-Crawling
Google News Sitemaps
News Sitemap Guidelines
News Sitemap Fields
Example Google News Sitemap
Validating a Google News Sitemap
Submitting a Google News Sitemap
News Crawl Errors
Videos in Google News
Editor’s Picks
Mobile, Video/Multimedia Search
Video Search Optimization
Video SEO for Google.com
Conclusion
11 Tracking Results and Measuring Success
Why Measuring Success Is Essential to the SEO Process
The Tracking Cycle: Produce, Launch, Measure, Refine
How to Establish a Proper Baseline
Using Analytics as a Business Case for SEO
Measuring Search Traffic
Basic Overview
Selecting the Right Analytics Package
Valuable SEO Data in Web Analytics
Segmenting Search Traffic
Referring Sites
Using Custom Analytics Dashboards
A Deeper Look at Action Tracking
Separating the Analytics Wheat from the Chaff
Tying SEO to Conversion and ROI
Attribution
Setting Up Analytics Software to Track Conversions
Segmenting Campaigns and SEO Efforts by Conversion Rate
Increasing Conversion
Determining Project ROI
Competitive and Diagnostic Search Metrics
Search Engine and Competitive Metrics
Site Indexing Data
Link-Based Tracking of Content Marketing
Ranking
SEO Platforms
Crawl Errors
Tracking the Blogosphere
Tracking Your Blog(s)
Search Engine Robot Traffic Analysis
Web Traffic Comparison
Temporal Link Growth Measurements
Key Performance Indicators for Long Tail SEO
Brand-to-Non-Brand Ratio
Unique Crawled URLs
Search Visitors per Contributing Page
Keywords per Page
Search Visitors per Keyword
Index-to-Crawl Ratio
Search Visitors per Crawled Page
Tracking Duplicate Content
Other Third-Party Tools
MozBar
SEO Quake
SEO for Firefox
SpyFu
SEMRush
Rio SEO Search Analytics
Rio SEO Website Optimizer
Searchmetrics Essentials
Conclusion
12 Domain Changes, Redesigns, and Troubleshooting
The Basics of Moving Content
Large-Scale Content Moves
Mapping Content Moves
Expectations for Content Moves
Maintaining Search Engine Visibility During and After a Site Redesign
Maintaining Search Engine Visibility During and After Domain Name Changes
Unique Challenges of Domain Name Changes
Pre-move Preparations
Changing Servers
Monitoring After Your Server Move
Hidden Content
Identifying Content That Search Engines Don’t See
Identifying the Cause of Non-Spidering
Hidden Content That May Be Viewed as Spam
Spam Filtering and Penalties
Recognizing Low-Quality Domains and Spam Sites
Competitors Can Report You
Duplicate Content
Basic Rules for Spam-Free SEO
Identifying Search Engine Penalties & Reconsideration Requests
Content Theft
Changing SEO Vendors or Staff Members
Potential Problems with SEO Staff Changes
Documenting SEO Actions and Progress
SEO Documentation for Rapid Training
Cleaning Up
Conclusion
13 SEO Education & Research
SEO Research and Search Performance Analysis
SEO Resources
SEO Testing
Analysis of Top-Ranking Sites and Pages
Analysis of Algorithmic Differentiation Across Engines and Search Types
The Importance of Experience
Competitive Analysis
Content Analysis
Internal Link Structure and Site Architecture
External Link Attraction Analysis
What Is Their SEO Strategy?
Competitive Analysis Summary
Using Competitive Link Analysis Tools
Competitive Analysis for Those with a Big Budget
Using Search Engine–Supplied SEO Tools
Search Engine Webmaster Tools
Manual Spam Actions
The SEO Industry on the Web
Blogs
SEO News Outlets, Communities, & Forums
Communities in Social Networks
Participation in Conferences and Organizations
Conclusion
14 SEO Help: In-House, Outsourced, or Both?
The Business of SEO
Understand Your Market Opportunity
Get Buy-in Across the Organization
Lay the Groundwork
Motivate Resources That Don’t Share Your Goals to Help You
Progress Through the Stages of SEO Maturity
Building an SEO team
Using In-House SEO Talent Versus Outsourcing: Dynamics & Challenges
The Value of Bringing SEO In-House
The Value of Outsourced SEO Support
The Case for Working with an Outside Expert
How to Best Leverage Outside Help
Listen to Your Expert – That’s Why You’re Paying Them
Leveraging SEO Knowledge in an Organization
The Impact of Site Complexity on SEO Workload
Solutions for Small Organizations
The In-House SEO Specialist
Working with Limited Resources/Budget
Solutions for Large Organizations
Contracting for Specialist Knowledge and Experience
Applying SEO Recommendations Intelligently
Hiring SEO Talent
How to Select the Right SEO Person
Pitching the Person
Sample Job Opening – an Oldie but Goodie
Making the Offer
Selecting an SEO Firm/Consultant
Getting the Process Started
Preparing a Request for Proposal (RFP)
Communicating with Candidate SEO Firms
Making the Decision
Mixing In-House SEO with Outside SEO Help
Building a Culture of SEO into Your Organization
Conclusion
15 An Evolving Art Form: The Future of SEO
The Ongoing Evolution of Search
The Growth of Search Complexity
Google’s Dominance
More Searchable Content and Content Types
Engines Will Make Crawling Improvements
Engines Are Getting New Content Sources
Multimedia Is Becoming Index-able
Search Becoming More Personalized, Localized and User-Influenced
Determining User Intent
User Interactions
New Search Patterns
Growing Reliance on the Cloud
Increasing Importance of Local, Mobile, and Voice Search
Local Search
Mobile Search
Voice Recognition Search
Increased Market Saturation and Competition
SEO as an Enduring Art Form
The Future of Semantic Search and the Knowledge Graph
Conclusion
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