Hack and HHVM by Yamauchi, Owen -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Hack and HHVM 1. Introduction

What are Hack and HHVM? Who This Book is For Philosophy

Program Types Gradual Migration

How The Book is Organized Versions Acknowledgements

2. Typechecking

Why Use the Typechecker? Setting Up the Typechecker

Autoload Everything Reading Error Messages

Type Annotation Syntax

Function Return Types Function Parameters

Variadic Functions

Properties

Hack’s Type System

Typechecker Modes Code Without Annotations Calling Into PHP

Rules

Using Superglobals Types of Overriding Methods Property Initialization Typed Variadic Arguments Types for Generators Fallthrough in switch Statements

Type Inference

Variables Don’t Have Types Unresolved Types Inference Is Function-Local

Refining Types

Refining Nullable Types to Non-nullable Refining Mixed Types to Primitives Refining Object Types Inference on Properties

Enforcement of Type Annotations at Runtime

3. Generics

Introductory Example Other Generic Entities

Functions and Methods Traits and Interfaces Type Aliases

Type Erasure Constraints Unresolved Types, Revisited Generics and Subtypes

Arrays and Collections

Advanced: Covariance and Contravariance

Syntax When to Use Them

Covariance Contravariance

4. Other Features of Hack

Enums

Enum Functions

Type Aliases

Transparent Type Aliases Opaque Type Aliases Autoloading Type Aliases

Array Shapes Lambda Expressions Constructor Parameter Promotion Attributes

Attribute Syntax Special Attributes

Enhanced Autoloading Integer Arithmetic Overflow Nullsafe Method Call Operator Trait and Interface Requirements Silencing Typechecker Errors

5. PHP Features Not Supported in Hack

References

The global Statement Top-Level Code

Old-Style Constructors Case-Insensitive Name Lookup Variable Variables Dynamic Properties Mixing Method Call Syntax isset, empty, and unset Others

6. Collections

Why Use Collections? Collections Have Reference Semantics Using Collections

Literal Syntax Reading and Writing

Iterating Adding Values Deleting Values Operators Immutable Collections

Type Annotations for Collections

Core Interfaces General Collection Interfaces Specific Collection Interfaces Concrete Collection Classes

Interoperating with Arrays

Conversion to Arrays Use With Builtin and User Functions

The sort Builtins Other Builtins Non-Builtin Functions

7. Async

Introductory Examples Async in Detail

Wait Handles Async and Callable Types await Is Not an Expression Async Generators Exceptions in Async Functions Mapping and Filtering Helpers

Structuring Async Code

Data Dependencies Antipatterns

Awaiting in a Loop The Multi-ID Pattern

Other Types of Waiting

Sleeping Rescheduling

Polling Batching

Common Mistakes

Dropping Wait Handles Memoizing Async Functions

Async Extensions

MySQL

Connecting and Querying Connection Pools Query Results

MCRouter and memcached cURL Streams

8. XHP

Why use XHP?

Runtime Validation Secure by Default

How to Use XHP

Basic Tag Usage

HTML Character References

Attributes Embedding Hack Code Type Annotations for XHP Object Interface Validation

Creating Your Own XHP Classes

Attributes

Attribute Types Inheriting Attributes

children Declarations Categories Context Async XHP XHP Helpers

Transferring Attributes Unique IDs Managing the class Attribute

XHP Best Practices

No Additional Public API Composition, Not Inheritance Don’t Make Control Flow Tags Attributes vs. Children Style Guide

Migrating to XHP

Converting Bottom-Up Getting Around XHP’s Escaping

XHP Internals

The Parser Transformation The Hack Library

9. Configuring and Deploying HHVM

Specifying Configuration Options

Important Options

Server Mode Warming Up the JIT Repo-Authoritative Mode

Building the Repo Deploying the Repo

The Admin Server

10. hphpd: Interactive Debugging

Getting Started Evaluating Code The Execution Environment

Local Mode Remote Mode

Using Breakpoints

Setting Breakpoints

Breakpoint Expressions and Conditions Breaking From Code

Navigating the Call Stack Navigating Code Managing Breakpoints

Viewing Code and Documentation Macros Configuring hphpd

About the Author Copyright

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