Just the Arguments by Bruce, Michael, Barbone, Steven -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title page Copyright page Dedication Acknowledgments Introduction: Show Me the Arguments

Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics Epistemology Ethics Philosophy of Mind Science and Language How to Use This Book

Part I: Philosophy of Religion

1 Aquinas’ Five Ways

2 The Contingency Cosmological Argument 3 The Kalam Argument for the Existence of God 4 The Ontological Argument 5 Pascal’s Wager 6 James’ Will to Believe Argument 7 The Problem of Evil 8 The Free Will Defense to the Problem of Evil 9 St. Anselm on Free Choice and the Power to Sin 10 Hume’s Argument against Miracles 11 The Euthyphro Dilemma 12 Nietzsche’s Death of God 13 Ockham’s Razor

Part II: Metaphysics

14 Parmenides’ Refutation of Change 15 McTaggart’s Argument against the Reality of Time 16 Berkeley’s Master Argument for Idealism 17 Kant’s Refutation of Idealism 18 The Master Argument of Diodorus Cronus 19 Lewis’ Argument for Possible Worlds 20 A Reductionist Account of Personal Identity

Defining Premises Arguments in Defense of the Reductionist View

21 Split-Case Arguments about Personal Identity 22 The Ship of Theseus 23 The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics 24 A Modern Modal Argument for the Soul 25 Two Arguments for the Harmlessness of Death

Epicurus’ Death is Nothing to Us Argument Lucretius’ Symmetry Argument

26 The Existence of Forms: Plato’s Argument from the Possibility of Knowledge 27 Plato, Aristotle, and the Third Man Argument 28 Logical Monism 29 The Maximality Paradox 30 An Argument for Free Will 31 Frankfurt’s Refutation of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities 32 Van Inwagen’s Consequence Argument against Compatibilism

Van Inwagen’s First Formalization

33 Fatalism 34 Sartre’s Argument for Freedom

Part III: Epistemology

35 The Cogito Arguments of Descartes and Augustine

Descartes’ Cogito Augustine’s “Si fallor, sum” Argument (If I Am Mistaken, I Exist)

36 The Cartesian Dreaming Argument for External-World Skepticism 37 The Transparency of Experience Argument 38 The Regress Argument for Skepticism 39 Moore’s Anti-Skeptical Arguments 40 The Bias Paradox 41 Gettier’s Argument against the Traditional Account of Knowledge 42 Putnam’s Argument against Cultural Imperialism

Extension of Putnam’s Argument

43 Davidson on the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme

Part I: Shorter Version (Leaves Key Premises Unsupported) Part II: Detailed Version Complete Failure of Translation Partial Failure of Translation The Unintelligibility of the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme

44 Quine’s Two Dogmas of Empiricism 45 Hume and the Problem of Induction

Hume’s Problem of Induction Hume’s Negative Argument concerning Induction

46 Argument by Analogy in Thales and Anaximenes 47 Quine’s Epistemology Naturalized 48 Sellars and the Myth of the Given 49 Sellars’ “Rylean Myth” 50 Aristotle and the Argument to End All Arguments

Part IV: Ethics

51 Justice Brings Happiness in Plato’s Republic 52 Aristotle’s Function Argument 53 Aristotle’s Argument that Goods Are Irreducible 54 Aristotle’s Argument for Perfectionism 55 Categorical Imperative as the Source for Morality 56 Kant on Why Autonomy Deserves Respect 57 Mill’s Proof of Utilitarianism

58 The Experience Machine Objection to Hedonism 59 The Error Theory Argument 60 Moore’s Open Question Argument 61 Wolff’s Argument for the Rejection of State Authority 62 Nozick’s Taxation Is Forced Labor Argument 63 Charity is Obligatory 64 The Repugnant Conclusion 65 Taurek on Numbers Don’t Count 66 Parfit’s Leveling Down Argument against Egalitarianism 67 Nozick’s Wilt Chamberlain Argument 68 Liberal Feminism

The Nature of Women’s Disadvantage and Oppression The Source of Women’s Disadvantage and Oppression Achieving Gender Justice

69 Moral Status of Animals from Marginal Cases 70 The Ethical Vegetarianism Argument 71 Thomson and the Famous Violinist 72 Marquis and the Immorality of Abortion 73 Tooley on Abortion and Infanticide 74 Rachels on Euthanasia

Part V: Philosophy of Mind

75 Leibniz’ Argument for Innate Ideas

Three Arguments

Part VI: Science and Language

89 Sir Karl Popper’s Demarcation Argument 90 Kuhn’s Incommensurability Arguments

Rationality and Paradigm Shifts Incommensurable Paradigms and Holism

91 Putnam’s No Miracles Argument 92 Galileo’s Falling Bodies 93 Eliminative Materialism 94 Wittgenstein’s Private Language Argument 95 Fodor’s Argument for Linguistic Nativism 96 Fodor and the Impossibility of Learning 97 Quine on the Indeterminacy of Translation 98 Davidson’s Argument for the Principle of Charity 99 Frege’s Argument for Platonism 100 Mathematical Platonism

Appendix A: Learning the Logical Lingo Appendix B: Rules of Inference and Replacement Notes on Contributors Index