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Index
EMPLOYEE MORALE
EMPLOYEE MORALE
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND CHARTS
Figures
Tables
Charts
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
WHAT IS MORALE?
Morale:
WORK LIFE OVER THE AGES
BUILDING A MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL MORALE
Factors which affect everyone’s morale
Factors which affect management morale
Factors which affect sales force morale
NOTES ON THE MORALE MODEL
CHAPTER 2
HOW DO ORGANIZATIONS MEASURE MORALE?
MEASURING MORALE: INFORMAL METHODS
Method 1: The casual chat
Method 2: The “open door”
MEASURING MORALE: FORMAL METHODS
Method 3: Group/team meetings (not including self-directed work teams)
Method 4: Self-directed work teams
Method 5: “360” Reviews
Method 6: The focus group
Method 7: The employee opinion survey
“OPINION” VS. “ATTITUDE”
Goals of the survey process
In-house versus outside?
Methodology of the employee opinion survey
Design of the questionnaire
Distribution of the survey
Response rates
Data processing and analysis
Ranking: The secret of powerful analysis
A simple ranking system
A more complex ranking system
VIEWING THE MORALE INDEX: THE POWER OF A PICTURE
EXTERNAL DATABASES (“NORMS”): TO USE OR NOT TO USE?
The utility industry norm comparison study
The Sirota comparison study
FEEDBACK AND ACTION PLANNING
Step 1: Senior management feedback
Step 2: Planning action, senior group
Step 3: Mid level management feedback and action planning
Step 4: Organization-wide feedback and action planning
Step 5: Consulting with managers on survey results
RESURVEYING
CHAPTER 3
WHY MORALE IS SO IMPORTANT
INTRODUCTION
1. Morale provides a competitive edge in good times and bad
2. High morale supports the implementation of organizational strategies
3. The morale process (measurement-implementation) gives employees a voice
4. High morale helps organizations attract and retain talented people
5. High morale makes the workplace easier to manage and increases productivity
6. High morale reduces workplace accidents, absenteeism, workplace stress, improves employee health and reduces sick days taken
7. High morale, driven by culture, also supports that culture
8. High morale helps organizations work better with unions
9. High morale organizations in the for-profit world have better financial performance than low morale ones
10. High morale organizations can have higher customer satisfaction than low morale ones
11. Morale is a leading indicator and allows organizations to prevent potential negative situations
12. The morale process is one of the most democratic activities in which an organization can participate.
13. High morale at the individual level is connected to job performance by that person, and is as good a predictor of that performance as other, well tested measures
WHY MORALE IS SO IMPORTANT 1: GROUP MORALE, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS
Performance measures
The Gallup research
The Sirota research
Fortune magazine’s “100 best companies to work for” and stock performance
The Hay Group research
The Maister research
Other performance research: High performance management practices, quality award criteria (Baldrige, EFQM) and total quality management
Employee morale/satisfaction and performance in the public sector: A school study
Moving toward causality: factoring in the time element in morale > performance research
Employee satisfaction and engagement compared to later-measured business unit outcomes
WHY MORALE IS SO IMPORTANT 2: INDIVIDUAL MORALE AND PERFORMANCE
WHY MORALE IS SO IMPORTANT 3: MORALE AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Does customer satisfaction really translate into better performance?
The customer experience
Management focus and the customer
Research on the morale-customer satisfaction connection
WHY MORALE IS SO IMPORTANT 4: MORALE, INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH
WHY MORALE IS SO IMPORTANT: CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4
CASE STUDY: CULTURE, MORALE AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: HILTI GROUP, SCHAAN, LIECHTENSTEIN
METHODOLOGY
Identifying morale correlates
The Hilti marketing organization (“MO”)
Results: Morale correlates at the company
Extending the study to customer satisfaction (CUSAT)
Results: Customer satisfaction
Which comes first? Customer satisfaction or employee morale?
Overall conclusions of the Hilti study
INTERVIEW WITH HILTI’S CHAIRMAN
CHAPTER 5
CREATING/MAINTAINING THE HIGH MORALE ORGANIZATION: DO WE CREATE HIGH MORALE – OR STEP OUT OF THE WAY?
The high morale culture
The question of implementation
STEPS FOR THE NEW OR “NEW START” USER OF MORALE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS
Step 1. Making high morale a strategic imperative
Consequences
Step 2: Communication
Step 3. Making it everyone’s responsibility, not just HR’s!
Consequences
Step 4. Measurement: Knowing where you are now
STEPS FOR ALL USERS OF MORALE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS
Step 5: Making decisions about change
Step 6. Making changes: “Upgrading” management
Step 7. Making changes: Flattening the organization structure
Step 8. Making changes: Creating more equality
Step 9 Making changes: Compensation practices
Step 10. Making changes: Recognition
MAINTAINING HIGH MORALE IN YOUR ORGANIZATION
Keys to morale maintenance: 1. Ongoing measurement
Keys to morale maintenance: 2. Quick, decisive action
Keys to morale maintenance: 3. Effective communication with the workforce about morale
Keys to morale maintenance: 4. Identifying and dealing with morale killers
CHAPTER 6
CURRENT TRENDS, ISSUES AND MYTHS IN EMPLOYEE MORALE
INTERNATIONAL TRENDS IN EMPLOYEE OPINIONS
Ranking countries by morale
Engagement drivers by country
Ethics and morale
TECHNOLOGY AND MORALE: THE TELECOMMUTING REVOLUTION
GENERATIONAL ISSUES AND MORALE
MORALE AND TIME ON THE JOB: THE “MIDDLE” YEARS
WORKING FOR THE FAMILY BUSINESS
DEBUNKING TEN MORALE MYTHS WITH SURVEY DATA
Myth 1: Guiding principles, core beliefs and stated values are often really “lived” by the organization
Myth 2: Morale is driven by staffing levels or activity levels (“busyness”) of staff
Myth 3: Pay is a leading driver of morale
Myth 4: Job security is a major factor in morale
Myth 5: Layoffs are an effective management tool
Myth 6: Layoffs always drive down morale of survivors
Myth 7: There are only small differences in morale between groups
Myth 8: If you don’t measure it, it doesn’t exist!
Myth 9: Smaller organizations are higher in morale than big ones
Myth 10: “Morale” is dead and “engagement” has replaced it
CHAPTER 7
EMPLOYEE MORALE AS A RESPONSE TO CHALLENGING TIMES
NOTES
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
W
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