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Index
List of Tables and Charts .
Chapter One: What Postmodernism Is .
The postmodern vanguard .
Modern and postmodern .
Modernism and the Enlightenment .
Postmodernism versus the Enlightenment .
Postmodern academic themes .
Postmodern cultural themes .
Why postmodernism? .
Chapter Two: The Counter-Enlightenment Attack on Reason ..
Enlightenment reason, liberalism, and science .
The beginnings of the Counter-Enlightenment .
Kant’s skeptical conclusion .
Kant’s problematic from empiricism and rationalism ...
Identifying Kant’s key assumptions .
Why Kant is the turning point .
After Kant: reality or reason, but not both .
Metaphysical solutions to Kant: from Hegel to Nietzsche .
Dialectic and saving religion .
Hegel’s contribution to postmodernism ...
Epistemological solutions to Kant: irrationalism from Kierkegaard to Nietzsche .
Summary of irrationalist themes .
Chapter Three: The Twentieth-Century Collapse of Reason ..
Heidegger’s synthesis of the Continental tradition .
Setting aside reason and logic .
Emotions as revelatory .
Heidegger and postmodernism ...
Positivism and Analytic philosophy: from Europe to America .
From Positivism to Analysis .
Recasting philosophy’s function .
Perception, Concepts, and Logic .
From the collapse of Logical Positivism to Kuhn and Rorty .
Summary: A vacuum for postmodernism to fill
First thesis: Postmodernism is the end result of Kantian epistemology .
Chapter Four: The Climate of Collectivism ...
From postmodern epistemology to postmodern politics .
The argument of the next three chapters .
Responding to socialism’s crisis of theory and evidence .
Back to Rousseau .
Rousseau’s Counter-Enlightenment .
Rousseau’s collectivism and statism ...
Rousseau and the French Revolution .
Counter-Enlightenment politics: Right and Left collectivism ...
Kant on collectivism and war .
Herder on multicultural relativism ...
Fichte on education as socialization .
Hegel on worshipping the state .
From Hegel to the twentieth century .
Right versus Left collectivism in the twentieth century .
The Rise of National Socialism: Who are the real socialists? .
Chapter Five: The Crisis of Socialism ...
Marxism and waiting for Godot .
Three failed predictions .
Socialism needs an aristocracy .
Good news for socialism: depression and war .
Bad news: liberal capitalism rebounds .
Worse news: Khrushchev’s revelations and Hungary .
Responding to the crisis: change socialism’s ethical standard .
From need to equality .
From wealth is good to wealth is bad .
Responding to the crisis: change socialism’s epistemology .
Marcuse and the Frankfurt School: Marx plus Freud, or oppression plus repression .
The rise and fall of Left terrorism ...
From the collapse of the New Left to postmodernism ...
Chapter Six: Postmodern Strategy ..
Connecting epistemology to politics .
Unmasking and rhetoric .
When theory clashes with fact .
Kierkegaardian postmodernism ...
Reversing Thrasymachus .
Using contradictory discourses as a political strategy .
Machiavellian postmodernism ...
Machiavellian rhetorical discourses .
Deconstruction as an educational strategy .
Ressentiment postmodernism ...
Nietzschean Ressentiment .
Foucault and Derrida on the end of man .
Ressentiment strategy .
Post-postmodernism
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
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