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Index
Cover
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Note on Transliteration
Chronology
Thematic Table of Contents
List of Maps
1. The Eighteenth Century: Ferment and Change
The Reorganization of Political Power
Aurangzeb: Letters to His Sons
Shah Wali-Allah: The Urgency of Political Instability
Iradat Khan: Decay at the Center of the Empire
Rebelling Against the Mughals: The Sikhs
Muhammad Qasim on Banda Bahadur’s Sikh Army
The Sikh Religious Code: Lives of Discipline and Devotion
Marathas: Courtiers, Rebels, Raiders, and State Builders
The History of KhafiKhan and the Story of Tara Bai
Ahilya Bai Holkar: A Maratha Woman Ruler
The Marathas as Raiders: A Bengali Perspective
Forts and War: The Essential Features of Any Kingdom
The Reality of War for a Common Soldier
The Chronicle of Bhausahib: Defeat in 1761 of the Marathas at Panipat
Tipu Sultan: Visionary Ruler of Mysore
The Influence of Commerce
Bankers and Traders: The Powers Behind the Thrones
“Business Men are the Glory and Ornament of the Kingdom”
Ananda Ranga Pillai: Merchant and Agent of the French
Ghulam Husain Khan: The Nawab of Bengal, the Marathas, and the Jagat Seths
Abu Talib: Cultural Comparisons, India Versus the West
On the Margins of Power
The Sannyāsī Uprising
Himmat Bahadur, the People’s Hero
Religious Expressions, Devotional and Intellectual
Ramprasad Sen: Singing to the Goddess in Bengal
The Poetry of Nagaridas: Krishna Devotion in Vrindavan
Tyagaraja: Telegu Composer and Poet
Dayaram of Gujarat: Unchanging Devotion in a Changing World
Muddupalani: A Telegu Poet Advises Krishna How to Make Love
Shah Abd ul-Latif: Sufism in Sindh
Bullhe Shah: Neither Hindu nor Muslim
Waris Shah: Mystics and Lovers
Khwaja Mir Dard: Pain and Poetry
Shah Wali Allah and the Reconciliation of Difference
A General Approach to Legal Interpretation
The Causes for Disagreement Among the Schools of the Jurists
The Need for a Religion Which Abrogates the Other Religions
“Revolution in Bengal”: The East India Company
The Nawab of Bengal: “I Have No Remedy”
Richard Becher: “This Fine Country is Verging towards its Ruin”
Shah Abd ul-Aziz: Islam in Danger
Harsukh Rai’s Epitaph for the Eighteenth Century: Recognition of the Winners and Losers
2. The Early to Mid Nineteenth Century: Debates Over Reform and Challenge to Empire
Henry Derozio: Poet and Educator
Letter Protesting His Dismissal
Poem to India
The Decision to Introduce English Education
Sir William Jones: The Orientalist Viewpoint
Preface to the Grammar of the Persian Language
Rammohan Roy and the Uselessness of Orientalist Policies
A Letter on Education
Thomas Babington Macaulay and the Case for English Education
Speech to Parliament on the Government of India Bill
The Minute on Education
Rammohan Roy: Pioneer in East-West Exchange
How the British Took Control of India
The Need for a More Humane Morality and a Purer Mode of Worship
Hinduism Is Not Inferior to Christianity
In Defense of Hindu Women
For Freedom of the Press
The Future of India
Ishvarchandra Vidyasagar: Social Reformer and Champion of Women’s Rights
Arguments for the Compassionate Treatment of Girls and Women
Nilakantha Goreh: A Traditional Pandit Takes on the Missionaries
Doubts Concerning Christianity
Rassundari Devi: The First Bengali Autobiographer Looks Back on a Restricted Life
Learning to Read
Bibi Ashraf: A Young Muslim Girl Struggles to Educate Herself
Learning to Write
Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib: Do Not Worship the Dead
Refusing Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan
The Indian Rebellion of 1857: Deliberations, Fatalities, and Consequences
An Attempted Mughal Restoration: The Azamgarh Proclamation
The Rani of Jhansi: An Eyewitness Account
Bahadur Shah: The Last Days of the Last Mughal Emperor
Ghalib’s Delhi Diary: Storm and Turmoil
Bahadur Shah’s Defense
Queen Victoria’s Proclamation, November 1, 1858
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan on the Causes of the Mutiny
Can Muslims Live in a Christian State? Ulema Who Speak for the British in 1871
Sir William Wilson Hunter: Decisions of Ulema in Mecca, Lucknow, and Rampur
3. The Later Nineteenth Century: Leaders of Reform and Revival
Debendranath Tagore: Renewer of the Brahmo Samaj
The Conflict Between Sanskritic and Western Education
The Call to Renunciation, and a Decisive Dream
The Brahmo Samaj and Its Relation to Orthodox Hinduism
Keshab Chandra Sen and the Indianization of Christianity
Loyalty to the British Nation
The Asiatic Christ
An Indian National Church
A New Sacramental Ceremony
Dayanand Sarasvati: Vedic Revivalist
Awakening Against Idolatry
Critique of Islam
A Debate with a Christian
The Virtues of Europeans
Against the Hindu Reform Movements of the Nineteenth Century
Shri Ramakrishna: Mystic and Spiritual Teacher
The First Encounter with Kālī
Meeting Jesus
The Deification of Ramakrishna’s Wife
With the Brahmo Samaj
Swami Vivekananda: Hindu Missionary to the West
Sisters and Brothers of America
Man Is God
Image Worship Has a Place
The Kindergartens of Religion
Vivekananda and His Master
The Origins, Rationale, and Degradation of Caste
India and the West
Modern India
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan: Enlightened Islam in a British Context
Lessons from London
The Importance of Modern Western Education
Hindu-Muslim Peaceful Coexistence Possible Only Under British Rule
Amir Ali and “The Spirit of Islam”
Islam as an Ethical Spirit That Is Beneficial for Women
Mahadev Govind Ranade: Pioneer Maharashtrian Reformer
Revivalism Versus Reform
Jotirao Phule: Radical Reformer
The Tyranny of a Brahman-Dominated History
Letter to Mahadev Govind Ranade
Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati: Pioneering Feminist and Reformer
The Plight of Indian Women
An Autobiographical Account
Tarabai Shinde and a Feminist Defense of Women
The Treachery of Men
D. K. Karve and Anandibai Karve: Living with Widow Remarriage
Marrying a Widow: Memoirs
Ashraf Ali Thanawi: Instructing the Respectable Muslim Woman
The Evils of Going Out
Nagendrabala Dasi and the New Companionate Marriage
Advice for a New Patriarchy
4. Liberal Social and Political Thought in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century: The Moderates
Dadabhai Naoroji: Architect of Indian Nationalism
The Pros and Cons of British Rule
The Blessings of British Rule
The Moral Impoverishment of India
Sir Surendranath Banerjea: Bengali Moderate
The Need for Indian Unity
Faith in England
Faith in Social Progress
Mahadev Govind Ranade: Economic Proposals
India’s Need: State Guidance of Economic Development
Hindu-Muslim Cooperation
Gopal Krishna Gokhale: Servant of India
Taxation Without Representation
Improving the Lot of Low-Caste Hindus
The Servants of India Society
Romesh Chunder Dutt: Pioneer Economic Historian
The Causes of India’s Poverty
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan: An Anti-Congress Speech
The Indian National Congress as a Danger and a Folly
Badruddin Tyabji and Rahmatullah Sayani: Why Muslims Should Join the Congress
The Congress Presidential Address by Tyabji
The Congress Presidential Address of Sayani
Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain: A Feminist Utopia and the Challenge to Women’s Seclusion
Men in the Zenana
The Secluded Ones: Stories of Purdah
Cornelia Sorabji: India’s First Woman Barrister
Advocating for Women
Sarojini Naidu: Congress Nightingale and Champion of Women’s Rights
Equality of Sexes
5. Radical Politics and Cultural Criticism, 1880–1914: The Extremists
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: Nationalist Author
Hail to the Mother
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: “Father of Indian Unrest”
The Gītā Versus the Penal Code
The Tenets of the New Party
Agitation Against the Bengal Partition and for Swadeshi: The Position of Surendranath Banerjea
Swadeshi in the Air
Aurobindo Ghose: Mystic Patriot
The Doctrine of Passive Resistance
The Morality of Boycott
Nationalism Is the Work of God
India’s Mission: The Resurrection of Hinduism
Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and the Revival of Revolutionary Feeling
Reminiscences Political and Personal
The Development of Linguistic Consciousness: Hindi vs. Urdu
[Vakil Ratnachand]: Hindi and Urdu in the Courtroom
Lala Lajpat Rai: “Lion of the Punjab”
An Open Letter to Sayyid Ahmad Khan
Reform Versus Revival
The Coming Political Struggle
Untouchability Must Go
Addressing the British Public
Why India Is in Revolt Against British Rule
Rabindranath Tagore: Poet, Educator, and India’s Ambassador to the World
“The Exercise Book”
Tagore’s Congress “Presidential Address”
“The Problem of India”
Where the Mind Is Without Fear
The Renunciation of Renunciation
To Yone Noguchi
The Sunset of the Century
Muhammad Iqbal: Poet and Philosopher of Islam
Songs for Children
Indian Song
Song of the Religious Community
Love
Time
Muslims Are One in Soul
The Need for Understanding Islam in the Light of Modern Knowledge
From Prophecy to Individual Judgment of One’s Inner and Outer Experience
Muslim Legislatures as a Means for the Evolution of Islamic Law
Fragments from Kashmir
Art for the Nation
Art and Swadeshi: The Contribution of Ananda Coomaraswamy
Swadeshi: True and False
The “Oriental Art” of Abanindranath Tagore
When Artists Can Take Liberty
The Death-knell of Orientalist Art: Amrita Sher-Gil and the “True” India
My Destiny as a Painter
6. Mahatma Gandhi and Responses
Writings of Mahatma Gandhi
Hind Swaraj and the Proper Relationship Between Means and End, Power, and Freedom
A Disagreement with B. G. Tilak Over Swaraj
Gandhi Before the British: At the Disorders Inquiry Committee of 1920
The Crime of Chauri Chaura
The Great Trial: March 1922
Constructive Work in the Mid 1920s
Hindu-Muslim Tension, Its Cause and Cure: Tired of Non-Violence
Untouchability and Swaraj
The Sin of Untouchability
Untouchability, Women, and Swaraj
The Salt Satyagraha of 1930: The Letter to Lord Irwin
From the Gandhi-Irwin Pact to Quit India
Gandhi’s Responses to India’s Civil War in His Last Year
True Altruism
Responses to Gandhi
The Heir Apparent: Jawaharlal Nehru
“Be Not Afraid”
Salt, the Word of Power
Sarojini Naidu: Colleague and Devotee
The First Meeting
The Rowlatt Bills Controversy
Gandhi—My Master
The Challenge of Rabindranath Tagore
Non-Cooperation as Political Asceticism
“The Call of Truth”: Tagore’s Critique of Gandhi
“The Great Sentinel”: Gandhi’s Response to Tagore
Communist Responses to Gandhi
M. N. Roy’s Analysis of Gandhi’s “Reactionary” Movement
Rajani Palme Dutt: An Indian Communist’s View from Britain
Muslim Responses to the Mahatma: Mohamed and Shaukat Ali—Allies Then Adversaries
Mohamed Ali: To Self-Government Through Hindu-Muslim Unity, Nonviolence, and Sacrifice
Mohandas Gandhi: Response to the Ali Brothers’ Critique
Terrorism Versus Non-violence
A Manifesto Against Gandhi, the Impossible Visionary
Gandhi’s Reply: The Cult of the Bomb
Kartar Singh’s Rejoinder: “The Philosophy of the Bombs”
The Gandhi-Ambedkar Debate
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar: The Evils of Caste
Mohandas Gandhi: Responses to Dr. Ambedkar’s Indictment
Periyar Responds to Gandhi on Caste
On How Gandhi’s Program Initially Differed from Those of Other Congress Leaders
On Gandhi’s Lunacy or Strategy to Build Consensus at the Cost of Compromising His Commitment to Social Reform
On Gandhi’s Apotheosis and Assassination
Subhas Chandra Bose: Fervent Nationalist and Socialist
The Role of Mahatma Gandhi in Indian History
Address to Mahatma Gandhi Over the Rangoon Radio on July 6, 1944
Nathuram Godse: Gandhi’s Assassin
Trial Speech
Nirad Chaudhuri’s Critique of Gandhi’s Non-Violence
The Old and New Militarisms of Hindu History
Jayaprakash Narayan: From Marxist to Gandhian
A Plea for a Communitarian Polity and Economy
7. To Independence and Partition
The Congress-Muslim League Scheme of Reforms, or Lucknow Pact, 1916
Sarojini Naidu: Hindus, Muslims, and Indian Unity
In Support of the Lucknow Pact
For the Evolution of National Life
Rabindranath Tagore on Hindus and Muslims
A Letter to Kalidas Nag
The Bengal Pact: A Provincial Effort at Communal Rapprochement, 1923–1924
Lala Lajpat Rai: A Plan to Divide the Punjab and Bengal
The Hindu-Muslim Problem, 1924
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar: Hindu Nationalist
The Glories of the Hindu Nation
Muhammad Iqbal: Political Spokesman for India’s Muslims
A Separate State for Muslims Within India
Letters to Jinnah
Choudhary Rahmat Ali: Giving a Name to Pakistan
“The Fatherland of the Pak Nation”
Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Founder of Pakistan
“We Have to Live Together … We Have to Work Together”
Hindus and Muslims: Two Separate Nations
The Push Toward a New Muslim Nation
C. Rajagopalachari’s Approach to Congress-League Settlement, and the Gandhi-Jinnah Letters, 1944
Letter to M. A. Jinnah
The Gandhi-Jinnah Correspondence on Rajagopalachari’s Formula
G. D. Adhikari and the Views of the Communist Party of India
National Unity Now!
Subhas Chandra Bose: On the Rani of Jhansi Regiment and Congress-League Negotiations
“The Rani of Jhansi Regiment”
On the Gandhi-Jinnah Meeting
The Cabinet Mission, May 16, 1946, and Congress’s Response
The Last British Offer
Congress’s Response to the Plan
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Considers Partition
Must There Be a Pakistan?
Gurbachan Singh and Lal Singh Gyani: The Sikhs’ Dilemma
Demanding a Sikh State
Sarat Chandra Bose Takes the Lead: Efforts for a United Bengal
Proposing a Bengal Free State
On the Mountbatten Plan
Lord Louis Mountbatten: Negotiations for Independence and Partition
Difficulties with Jinnah and the Imperceptible Nod
Jawaharlal Nehru: The Future Prime Minister of India Reflects
“A Time of Trial and Sorrow”
Mohandas Gandhi on Partition
Speeches at Four Prayer Meetings in June–July, 1947
Abul Kalam Azad: Muslim Nationalist
The Muslims of India and the Future of India
The Steps to Partition
Begum Shaista Ikramullah: A Muslim League View of Partition
Cherished Encounters with Jinnah
Urvashi Butalia: Survivors’ Oral Accounts
Stories of Flight, Abduction, and Honor Killing
8. Issues in Post-Independence India
Giving Birth to the Nation
Rabindranath Tagore: India’s National Anthem
Prime Minister Nehru: India’s “Tryst with Destiny”
Constituent Assembly, 1947–1950
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Law Minister
Defending the Nation
Looking to the Future in Light of the Past
The Constitution of India
The Unity and Integrity of the Nation
V. P. Menon and the Integration of the Indian States
The States Reorganization Commission
Self-Determination and Succession: Threats to Unity and Integrity
Kashmir
The Treaty of Amritsar
India’s Appeal to the United Nations Security Council
The Council’s Resolution
Article 370 of the Constitution
Sheikh Abdullah: Kashmiri Patriot
Home Minister G. B. Pant: Rethinking the Plebiscite
Punjab
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale’s Call “For Our Faith, For the Sikh Nation, For the Oppressed”
Nagaland
A. Z. Phizo: The Demand for Self-Determination
Democracy and Education
B. R. Ambedkar: Can Democracy Survive in India?
“Anonymous” on Nehru as Possible Dictator
The Rule of Indira Gandhi (1966–1977, 1980–1984) and the Emergency: Threats to Indian Democracy
Prime Minister Gandhi: Broadcast to the Nation
Prime Minister Gandhi: Promises for the Future and the Twenty-Point Program
J. P. Narayan: Total Revolution and Denouncing the Emergency
The Shah Commission: Report on the Emergency
Children, Education, Labor, and the State
Myron Weiner: Dialogues on Education
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh: The Fundamental Right of Children to Elementary Education
Amartya Sen: Democracy, Economic Development, and Human Rights
Socialism, Economic Development, and Poverty
Jawaharlal Nehru’s Vision: Socialism and Its Alternatives
Government Action: The First Five-Year Plan, 1952
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya: The Fusion of Socialism, Nationalism, and Art
Jagdish Bhagwati: The Results of Government Control of the Economy
Nandan Nilekani: India Entering a New Era of Growth
Mira Kamdar: Some Despair on Planet India
Toward Equality and Social Justice
Vinoba Bhave: Get Rid of Institutions
Communist Insurgencies: Telangana and Naxalbari
Leftward Move of the CPI, and the Telangana Rebellion
Uprising in Naxalbari: Declarations of the Revolutionaries
Ranajit Guha and the Subaltern School: Challenging Received Interpretations
Smitu Kothari: The Narmada Movement, National Planning, and Popular Resistance
The Continuing Oppressions of Caste
The Mandal Commission and the Other Backward Classes (OBCs)
Viramma: The Life of a Rural Dalit Woman
Kumud Pawde: A Dalit Women Professor Describes Her Professional Life
Kancha Ilaiah: The Shudra Critique of Hindu Cooption
Dalit Poems of Resistance, Rejection, and Hope for Reconciliation
Seeking Women’s Rights: Fulfilling Constitutional Guarantees
Toward Equality: Report of the Committee on the Status of Women
Madhu Kishwar: Reality for Women in Politics
Asghar Ali Engineer: An Indian Muslim Reformer on the Plight of Women
Muslims in Post-Independence India
The Sachar Commission and Indian Muslims
Asghar Ali Engineer: A Muslim’s Reactions to Sachar
Hindu Nationalism, Communalism, and Secularism
Jawaharlal Nehru’s Last Will and Testament
S. P. Mookerjee: Hinduism Is “Synonymous with India’s Widest National Aspirations”
The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: Defining Hindu Nationalism
M. S. Golwalkar: The Central Core of Nationhood
The Hindu Way of Life
Dharma Awakens the Common Inner Bond
The Dangers of Muslims, Christians, and Communists
Balraj Madhok: The Indianization of All Aspects of National Life
Bipan Chandra: What Is Communalism?
Mushirul Hasan: Secularism, Communalism, and the Religious Symbol of the Babri Masjid
The BJP Perspective: The Babri Masjid Was a Symbol of Conquest, Not Religion
Sumit Sarkar: Secularism, Nationalism, and the Right to Conversion
Arun Shourie: Missionaries in India
Cassette Culture and the Provocation of Religious Violence
Partha Chatterjee: Secularism and Tolerance
Aijaz Ahmad: The Rise and Power of the Hindu Right
Foreign Policy: Sovereignty
Prime Minister Nehru: Avoiding Foreign Entanglements
Krishna Menon: Bandung, and the Origin and Meaning of the Term “Non-Alignment”
Prime Minister Nehru: The Betrayal of India by the Chinese
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi: India and the World
Nuclear Power and Foreign Policy: After 1974
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi: “Buddha Smiled”
Dr. Raja Rasmanna: “Noises of Protest”
Prime Minister A. B. Vajpayee: Evolution in India’s Nuclear Policy
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh: On the Nuclear Treaty with the United States
Postscript: Who Speaks for India?
Amartya Sen and the Indian Plurality of Identities
9. Pakistan, 1947 and After: The Struggle for National Identity
Birth of a Nation: Literary Reflections by Faiz Ahmad Faiz
1947–1958: Parliamentary Democracy and Islamic Identity
Visions of Pakistan
Muhammad Ali Jinnah: The Vision of Secular Pakistan
Liaquat Ali Khan: The Objectives Resolution
The Munir Report: Can There Be an Islamic State?
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi: The Islamist Vision of an Islamic System
The Kashmir Dispute
Prime Minister Chaudhri Muhammad Ali: The Origins of the Dispute
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan: The Cause of Freedom
Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan: Pakistan’s Reply to India’s Complaint to the United Nations
Pakistan’s Answer to the Security Council Resolution
American Ambassador Horace Hildreth: Pakistan Becomes a “Tolerable Risk”
1958–1971: The Hegemony of the Military
General Ayub Khan: Why Military Rule Was Necessary for Pakistan
General Ayub Khan: The Conservative Religious Perspective and the Modern State
The Yahya Military Regime and the Separation of East Pakistan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: The Great Tragedy
Hasan Zaheer: The Separation of East Pakistan
Asif Farrukhi: The 1971 War from a Child’s Perspective in Pakistan
1972–1977: Civilian Rule by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: Democracy and Islamic Socialism
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: Marching Toward Democracy
Mahbub ul-Haq: 22 Families Own 66 Percent of Pakistan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: The Myth of Independence
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: The Death Cell and History
1977–1988: Military Rule and Islamization: The Zia Years
General Zia: The Cold War Redux
The Women’s Movement in Pakistan
The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961
Asma Jahangir and Hina Gilani: The Hudood Ordinances, 1979, and Opposition by Women’s Activists
Farida Shaheed and Tahmina Rashid: Women and the Women’s Movement in Pakistan
Kishwar Naheed and Fahmida Riaz: Mothers and Daughters, in Urdu Poetry
1988–1999: Restoration of Civilian Rule
Benazir Bhutto: The Return to Democracy
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif: Nuclear Explosions
1999–2008: The Military Rule of General Pervez Musharraf and Its Later Civilianization
President Pervez Musharraf: A General Reflects
President Pervez Musharraf: The Symbiosis of Religion and Terrorism
Education in Pakistan
Shahid Javed Burki: Causes for a Deteriorating Educational System
Usman Ali Isani and Latif Virk: Education at All Levels: The National Reports
Pervez Hoodbhoy: Religion, Science, and Education: The Battle for Rationality
A. H. Nayyar: Religious Schools as Alternatives: The Madrasa Issue
2008 and Beyond: Questions of Pakistan’s National Identity
10. Bangladesh: Independence and Controversies Over the Fruits of Freedom
Two National Songs
Rabindranath Tahore: The National Anthem
Kazi Nazrul Islam: “March on, March on, March on!”
The Formative Historical Context, 1905–1947
Life in East Pakistan, 1947–1971: Moving Toward the Split
The Language Movement
Dhirendra Nath Dutta’s Historic Plea and Jinnah’s Address in Dhaka
Abdul Gaffar Chaudhuri’s Famous Elegy for the February 1952 Martyrs
Political Jockeying and the Redressing of Perceived Wrongs: 1952 to 1958
The Twenty-One Point Program of the United Front Party
The Argument for Joint Electorates
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy: Speech Before the Dacca Provincial Assembly
The Transition to Military Rule and the Escalation of Bengali Nationalism: 1958 to 1971
Sheikh Mujib: The Awami League’s Six Points
Moving Toward Civil War: The Horror, the Victory
Jahanara Imam’S Wartime Diary
Poetic Laments: Shamsur Rahman, Jasim Uddin, Sufia Kamal
After 1971: The Awami League Government and the Failure of an Ideal
Abul Masnur Ahmad: The Lahore Resolution Restored
Badruddin Umar: A Leftist Critique of the Constitution
Maulana Bhashani: Islamic Socialism and the Example of Mao Tse Tung
Nirmalendu Goon: Lamenting the Fall of Sheikh Mujib
Military Rule and the Move to Bangladeshi Nationalism, Islamization, and the Rehabilitation of “Collaborators”
Syed Ali Ahsan: The Failed Chance of Pakistan
Ziaur Rahman: The Nineteen-point Program
Khondakar Abdul Hamid: Bengali Versus Bangladeshi Nationalism
Changes to the Constitution of Bangladesh
The Jamaat-e Islami and the Critique of Secularism
Ghulam Azam: The Threat of a Secular West Bengal
The Defense of Secularism in Bangladesh
Maulana Bhashani Warns His Country
Anisuzzaman: A Statement for Secularism in Bangladesh
The Return to Democracy, and Continuing Challenges for Civil Society
The Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Defiance of “National Integrity”
Jana Samhati Samiti: The Chittagong Hill Tracts Guidelines
Literary Critiques of Bangladeshi Society
Taslima Nasrin and the Injustices of Abuse
Humayun Azad: A Prayer for Forgiveness
Muhammad Yunus: Micro-credit and the Bangladeshi Miracle
Notes
Bibliography
Credits
Index
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