Information Privacy Law by Daniel J. Solove;Paul M. Schwartz; -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Front Matter

Editorial Advisors Title Page Copyright Page About Wolters Kluwer Legal & Regulatory U.S. Dedication Summary of Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgments

1. Introduction

A. Information Privacy, Technology, and the Law

Sidis v. F-R Publishing Corp.

B. Information Privacy Law: Origins and Types

1. Common Law

(a) The Warren and Brandeis Article

Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, The Right to Privacy

(b) The Recognition of Warren and Brandeis’s Privacy Torts

William Prosser, Privacy Lake v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

(c) Privacy Protection in Tort Law (d) Privacy Protection in Evidence Law (e) Privacy Protection via Property Rights (f) Privacy Protection in Contract Law (g) Privacy Protection in Criminal Law

2. Constitutional Law 3. Statutory Law 4. International Law

2. Perspectives on Privacy

A. The Philosophical Discourse about Privacy

1. The Concept of Privacy and the Right to Privacy 2. The Public and Private Spheres

B. The Definition and the Value of Privacy

Daniel J. Solove, Conceptualizing Privacy Julie E. Cohen, Examined Lives: Informational Privacy and the Subject as Object Anita L. Allen, Coercing Privacy Paul M. Schwartz, Privacy and Democracy in Cyberspace Spiros Simitis, Reviewing Privacy in an Information Society

C. Critics of Privacy

Richard A. Posner, The Right of Privacy Fred H. Cate, Principles of Internet Privacy

D. The Feminist Perspective on Privacy

State v. Rhodes Reva B. Siegel, “The Rule of Love”: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy Danielle Keats Citron, Sexual Privacy

E. The Civil Rights Perspective on Privacy

Alvaro M. Bedoya, Privacy as Civil Right

F. Privacy, Poverty, and Social Class

Khiara M. Bridges, Privacy Rights and Public Families

3. Privacy and the Media

A. Information Gathering

1. Intrusion upon Seclusion

Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652B: Intrusion upon Seclusion Nader v. General Motors Corp. Dietemann v. Time, Inc. Desnick v. American Broadcasting Co., Inc. Shulman v. Group W Productions, Inc.

2. Paparazzi

Galella v. Onassis California Anti-Paparazzi Act

3. Video Voyeurism

Video Voyeurism Prevention Act

B. Disclosure of Truthful Information

1. Public Disclosure of Private Facts

(a) Introduction

Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652D: Publicity Given to Private Life

(b) Private Matters

Gill v. Hearst Publishing Co. Daily Times Democrat v. Graham

Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Co. Shulman v. Group W Productions, Inc. Bonome v. Kaysen

2. First Amendment Limitations

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn The Florida Star v. B.J.F. Bartnicki v. Vopper

C. Dissemination of False Information

1. Defamation

(a) Introduction (b) Defamation and the Internet

Zeran v. America Online, Inc.

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.

2. False Light

(a) Introduction

Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652E: Publicity Placing Person in False Light

(b) First Amendment Limitations

Time, Inc. v. Hill

3. Infliction of Emotional Distress

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell Snyder v. Phelps

D. Appropriation of Name or Likeness

1. Introduction

Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652C: Appropriation of Name or Likeness

2. Name or Likeness

Carson v. Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc.

3. For One’s Own Use or Benefit

Raymen v. United Senior Association, Inc.

4. Connection to Matters of Public Interest

Finger v. Omni Publications International, Ltd.

5. First Amendment Limitations

Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co. De Havilland v. FX Networks, LLC

E. Privacy Protections for Anonymity and Receipt of Ideas

1. Anonymity

(a) Anonymous Speech

Talley v. State of California McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission Doe v. Cahill

(b) Reporter’s Privilege

2. Privacy of Reading and Intellectual Exploration

Stanley v. Georgia

4. Privacy and law Enforcement

A. The Fourth Amendment and Emerging Technology

1. How the Fourth Amendment Works

(a) Applicability: Searches and Seizures (b) Reasonable Searches and Seizures (c) Enforcement: The Exclusionary Rule and Civil Remedies (d) Subpoenas and Court Orders

2. Wiretapping, Bugging, and Beyond

Olmstead v. United States Lopez v. United States Katz v. United States United States v. White

3. The Reasonable Expectation of Privacy Test

(a) The Third Party Doctrine

Smith v. Maryland

(b) Items Abandoned or Exposed to the Public

California v. Greenwood

Florida v. Riley Dow Chemical Co. v. United States Kyllo v. United States United States v. Jones Carpenter v. United States

B. Information Gathering About First Amendment Activities

Stanford v. Texas Gonzales v. Google

C. Federal Electronic Surveillance Law

1. Section 605 of the Federal Communications Act 2. Title III 3. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act

(a) The Wiretap Act (b) The Stored Communications Act (c) The Pen Register Act

4. The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act 5. The USA PATRIOT Act 6. State Electronic Surveillance Law

D. Digital Searches and Seizures

1. Searching Computers and Electronic Devices

United States v. Andrus Riley v. California

2. Encryption 3. Video Surveillance 4. E-mail and Online Communications

Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service United States v. Warshak

5. ISP Account Information

United States v. Hambrick

6. IP Addresses, URLs, and Internet Searches

United States v. Forrester

5. National Security and Foreign Intelligence

A. The Intelligence Community B. The Fourth Amendment Framework

United States v. United States District Court (The Keith Case)

C. Foreign Intelligence Gathering

1. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

Global Relief Foundation, Inc. v. O’Neil United States v. Isa

2. The USA PATRIOT Act

The 9/11 Commission Report In re Sealed Case

3. National Security Letters 4. Oversight: Beyond the Judiciary

(a) The Attorney General’s FBI Guidelines (b) The Homeland Security Act (c) The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

D. NSA Surveillance

1. Standing

Clapper v. Amnesty International USA

2. The Snowden Revelations

United States v. Basaaly Saeed Moalin

6. Health Privacy

A. Confidentiality of Medical Information

1. Professional Ethics and Evidentiary Privileges

(a) Ethical Rules

Oath and Law of Hippocrates Current Opinions of the Judicial Council of the American Medical Association Canon 5.05

(b) Evidentiary Privileges

Jaffee v. Redmond

2. Tort Liability for Disclosure of Patient Information

McCormick v. England Hammonds v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.

3. Tort Liability for Failure to Disclose Patient Information

Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California McIntosh v. Milano

4. Statutory Reporting Requirements 5. State Law Privacy Protections for Medical Information 6. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

(a) A Brief History of HIPAA (b) Scope and Applicability of HIPAA (c) The Privacy Rule

Northwestern Memorial Hospital v. Ashcroft

(d) The Security Rule (e) The Breach Notification Rule (f) HIPAA Enforcement and Preemption

Parkview Health System, Inc. Resolution Agreement and Corrective Action Plan University of California at Los Angeles Health System Resolution Agreement and Corrective Action Plan New York Presbyterian Hospital Resolution Agreement and Corrective Action Plan North Memorial Health Care Resolution Agreement and Corrective Action Plan United States v. Zhou Byrne v. Avery Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology

B. Constitutional Protection of Medical Information

1. The Constitutional Right to Privacy

Griswold v. Connecticut Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey Lawrence v. Texas

2. The Constitutional Right to Information Privacy

Whalen v. Roe 42. U.S.C. § 1983 and “Constitutional Torts” Doe v. Borough of Barrington Doe v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority

3. The Fourth Amendment

Ferguson v. City of Charleston

C. Genetic Information

1. Genetic Privacy 2. Property Rights in Body Parts and DNA

Moore v. Regents of the University of California

3. Genetic Testing and Discrimination

Richard A. Epstein, The Legal Regulation of Genetic Discrimination: Old Responses to New Technology Paul M. Schwartz, Privacy and the Economics of Health Care Information

7. Government Records

A. Public Access to Government Records

1. Public Records and Court Records

Doe v. Shakur

2. The Freedom of Information Act

United States Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press National Archives and Records Administration v. Favish

3. Constitutional Requirements of Public Access

Los Angeles Police Department v. United Reporting Publishing Corp.

4. Constitutional Limitations on Public Access

(a) Public Records

Kallstrom v. City of Columbus

(b) Police Records

Cline v. Rogers Scheetz v. The Morning Call, Inc.

Paul P. v. Verniero

5. The Driver’s Privacy Protection Act

B. Government Records and Use of Personal Data

1. Fair Information Practices

Marc Rotenberg, Fair Information Practices and the Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn’t Get)

2. The Privacy Act

Pippinger v. Rubin Doe v. Chao

3. The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act 4. The Use of Government Records

(a) Airline Passenger Screening

The 9/11 Commission Report

(b) Government Data Mining

U.S. GAO, Data Mining: Federal Efforts Cover a Wide Range of Uses Mary DeRosa, Data Mining and Data Analysis for Counterterrorism United States v. Sokolow Arizona v. Evans United States v. Ellison

United States v. Kincade Maryland v. King

C. Identification Records and Requirements

1. Identification and the Constitution

Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court

2. Social Security Numbers

Greidinger v. Davis

3. National Identification Systems

Richard Sobel, The Degradation of Political Identity Under a National Identification System

8. Financial Data

A. The Fair Credit Reporting Act

1. FCRA’s Scope and Structure

United States v. Spokeo, Inc.

2. Permissible Uses of Consumer Reports

Smith v. Bob Smith Chevrolet, Inc.

3. Consumer Rights and Agency Responsibilities 4. Civil Liability and Qualified Immunity

Sarver v. Experian Information Solutions

5. Identity Theft and Consumer Reporting

Sloane v. Equifax Information Services, LLC

B. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act C. Federal and State Financial Privacy Laws

1. State Financial Laws 2. Laws Regulating Government Access to Financial Data

United States v. Gratkowski

3. Identity Theft Statutes 4. Tort Law

Wolfe v. MBNA America Bank

9. Consumer Data

A. The U.S. System of Consumer Data Privacy Regulation

1. Structure 2. Types of Law 3. Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

Pineda v. Williams-Sonoma Stores Apple v. Krescent

4. Injury and Standing

Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins In re Vizio, Inc. Consumer Privacy Litigation

B. Tort Law

Dwyer v. American Express Co. Remsberg v. Docusearch, Inc.

C. Contract Law

1. Privacy Notices

Jeff Sovern, Opting In, Opting Out, or No Options at All Michael E. Staten & Fred H. Cate, The Impact of Opt-In Privacy Rules on Retail Markets

2. Contract and Promissory Estoppel

In re Northwest Airlines Privacy Litigation

D. Property Law E. FTC Section 5 Enforcement

In the Matter of Snapchat, Inc. FTC v. Toysmart.com In the Matter of Sears Holdings Management Corp. In the Matter of Facebook. Inc. In the Matter of Facebook. Inc.

F. Statutory Regulation

1. Entertainment and Communications Records

(a) The Video Privacy Protection Act

In re Nickelodeon Consumer Privacy Litigation In re Vizio, Inc., Consumer Privacy Litigation

(b) The Federal Communications Act (c) The Cable Communications Policy Act

2. Internet Use

(a) The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act

United States v. Path, Inc. United States of America v. LAI Systems FTC and New York v. Google and YouTube

(b) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act

In re Google, Inc. Gmail Litigation Dyer v. Northwest Airlines Corp.

Creative Computing v. Getloaded.com LLC United States v. Drew

3. Marketing

(a) The Telephone Consumer Protections Act

Stoops v. Wells Fargo Bank

(b) The CAN-SPAM Act

G. State Statutory Regulation

1. California Consumer Privacy Act 2. Biometric Privacy Laws

(a) Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (b) Other State Biometric Laws

H. First Amendment Limitations on Privacy Regulation

Rowan v. United States Post Office Department Mainstream Marketing Services, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission U.S. West, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission Trans Union Corp. v. Federal Trade Commission Sorrell v. IMS Health, Inc. Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants, Inc.

10. Data Security

A. Introduction B. Data Security Breach Notification Statutes C. Civil Liability and Standing

Reilly v. Ceridian Corporation Resnick v. AvMed Remijas v. Neiman Marcus Corp. Beck v. McDonald

D. FTC Regulation

FTC v. Wyndham Worldwide Corporation In the Matter of Trendnet LabMD v. Federal Trade Commission

11. Education Privacy

A. School Searches and Surveillance

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

B. Drug Testing

Vernonia School District v. Acton Board of Educational v. Earls

C. School Records

The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act Owasso Independent School District v. Falvo

12. Employment Privacy

A. Workplace Searches

O’Connor v. Ortega K-Mart Corp. v. Trotti

B. Workplace Surveillance

Thompson v. Johnson County Community College

C. Workplace Drug Testing

National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab Chandler v. Miller Borse v. Piece Goods Shop

D. The Issue of Consent

Baggs v. Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.

E. Testing, Questionnaires, and Polygraphs

1. Testing and Questionnaires

Greenawalt v. Indiana Department of Corrections National Aeronautics and Space Administration v. Nelson

2. Polygraph Testing

The Employee Polygraph Protection Act

F. Telephone Monitoring

Watkins v. L.M. Berry & Co. Deal v. Spears

G. Computer Monitoring and Searches

1. E-mail

Smyth v. Pillsbury Co.

2. Internet Use

Leventhal v. Knapek United States v. Ziegler

13. Eu and International Privacy Law

A. The OECD Privacy Guidelines

1. The 1980 Original Guidelines 2. The 2013 OECD Privacy Guidelines

B. Privacy Protection in Europe

1. Divergence or Convergence?

James Q. Whitman, The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity Versus Liberty Paul M. Schwartz & Karl-Nikolaus Peifer, Transatlantic Data Privacy Law

2. European Convention on Human Rights Article 8

ECHR Article 8 Von Hannover v. Germany [No. 1] In the Case of Mosley v. The United Kingdom Satukunnan Markkinapörssi Oy and Satamedia Oy v. Finland

3. European Union Data Protection

(a) The European Charter of Fundamental Rights, Articles 7 and 8

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Articles 7 and 8

(b) The Data Protection Directive

Criminal Proceedings Against Bodil Lindqvist Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD), Mario Costeja González Tele2 Sverige AB v. Post-och telestyrelsen & Sec’y of State for Home Dept v. Watson (Joined Cases) Opinion 1/15 of the Court

Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände v. Planet 49 GMBH

C. International Transfers of Data

1. International Data Transfers in Litigation

Volkswagen, A.G. v. Valdez

2. Adequate Level of Protection 3. From the Safe Harbor to Privacy Shield to Beyond

Shrems v. Data Protection Commissioner EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework Principles Issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce Paul M. Schwartz & Karl-Nikolaus Peifer, Transatlantic Data Privacy Law Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook Ireland Ltd, and Maximillian Schrems [Schrems II]

D. Privacy Protection Worldwide

1. Canada 2. Latin America 3. Africa 4. The Middle East 5. Asia-Pacific

Index

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