Python Pocket Reference by Lutz, Mark -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Python Pocket Reference 1. Python Pocket Reference

Introduction Book Conventions Python Command-Line Usage

Python Command Options Command-Line Program Specification Python 2.X Command Options

Python Environment Variables

Operational Variables Python Command Option Variables

Python Windows Launcher Usage

Launcher File Directives Launcher Command Lines Launcher Environment Variables

Built-in Types and Operators

Operators and Precedence

Atomic terms and dynamic typing

Operator Usage Notes Operations by Category Sequence Operation Notes

Specific Built-in Types

Numbers

Literals and creation Operations Decimal and fraction Other numeric types

Strings

Literals and creation Operations String formatting String formatting expression Formatting expression syntax String formatting method Formatting method syntax Template string substitution String methods byte and bytearray methods Searching methods Splitting and joining methods Formatting methods Content test methods The original string module

Unicode Strings

Unicode support in Python 3.X byte and bytearray strings Unicode support in Python 2.X

Lists

Literals and creation Operations List comprehension expressions The iteration protocol Generator expressions Other comprehension expressions

Dictionaries

Literals and creation Operations

Tuples

Literals and creation Operations

Files

Input files Output files Any files Other file attributes (some read-only) File context managers File usage notes

Sets

Literals and creation Operations

Other Types and Conversions

Boolean Type Conversions

Statements and Syntax

Syntax Rules Name Rules

Name format Name conventions

Specific Statements

The Assignment Statement

Augmented assignment Normal sequence assignment Extended sequence assignment (3.X)

The Expression Statement

Call syntax Arbitrary arguments call syntax

The print Statement

Python 2.X print statements

The if Statement The while Statement The for Statement The pass Statement The break Statement The continue Statement The del Statement The def Statement

Python 3.X keyword-only arguments Python 3.X function annotations lambda expressions Function defaults and attributes Function and method decorators

The return Statement The yield Statement

Generator function changes in Python 3.3

The global Statement The nonlocal Statement The import Statement

Package imports Python 3.3 namespace packages Import algorithm

The from Statement

Package relative import syntax

The class Statement

Class decorators in Python 3.X, 2.6, and 2.7 Metaclasses

The try Statement

Python 2.X try statement forms

The raise Statement

Python 3.X chained exceptions Class exceptions Python 2.X raise statement forms

The assert Statement The with Statement

Multiple context managers in Python 3.1 and 2.7 Context manager protocol

Python 2.X Statements

Namespace and Scope Rules

Qualified Names: Object Namespaces Unqualified Names: Lexical Scopes Nested Scopes and Closures

Enclosing scopes and defaults

Object-Oriented Programming

Classes and Instances

Class objects provide default behavior Instance objects are generated from classes Inheritance rules

Pseudoprivate Attributes

Module privates Class privates

New-Style Classes Formal Inheritance Rules

Classic classes: DFLR New-style classes: MRO Example: nondiamonds Example: diamonds New-style inheritance algorithm New-style precedence and context

Operator Overloading Methods

Methods for All Types Methods for Collections (Sequences, Mappings) Methods for Numbers (Binary Operators)

Basic binary methods Right-side binary methods Augmented binary methods

Methods for Numbers (Other Operations) Methods for Descriptors Methods for Context Managers Python 2.X Operator Overloading Methods

Methods in Python 3.X only Methods in Python 2.X only

Built-in Functions

Python 2.X Built-in Functions

Python 3.X built-ins not supported by Python 2.X Python 2.X built-ins not supported by Python 3.X

Built-in Exceptions

Superclasses: Categories Specific Exceptions Specific OSError Exceptions Warning Category Exceptions Warnings Framework Python 3.2 Built-in Exceptions Python 2.X Built-in Exceptions

Built-in Attributes Standard Library Modules The sys Module The string Module

Functions and Classes Constants

The os System Module

Administrative Tools Portability Constants Shell Commands Environment Tools File Descriptor Tools File Pathname Tools Process Control The os.path Module

The re Pattern-Matching Module

Module Functions Regular Expression Objects Match Objects Pattern Syntax

Object Persistence Modules

The shelve and dbm Modules

File opens File operations

The pickle Module

Pickling interfaces Unpickling interfaces pickle usage notes

The tkinter GUI Module and Tools

tkinter Example tkinter Core Widgets Common Dialog Calls

Module tkinter.messagebox (tkMessageBox in Python 2.X) Module tkinter.simpledialog (tkSimpleDialog in Python 2.X) Module tkinter.colorchooser (tkColorChooser in Python 2.X) Module tkinter.filedialog (tkFileDialog in Python 2.X)

Additional tkinter Classes and Tools Tcl/Tk-to-Python/tkinter Mappings

Internet Modules and Tools Other Standard Library Modules

The math Module The time Module The timeit Module The datetime Module The random Module The json Module The subprocess Module The enum Module The struct Module Threading Modules

Python SQL Database API

API Usage Example Module Interface Connection Objects Cursor Objects Type Objects and Constructors

More Hints and Idioms

Core Language Hints Environment Hints Usage Hints Assorted Hints

Index Copyright

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