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Index
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Contributing Authors
Contents
Introduction
Lettuce Production
Cultivars
Botany, Taxonomy, and Origin
Evolution of the U.S. Lettuce Industry
Production Factors
Lettuce Breeding
Objectives of Lettuce Breeding
Methods of Lettuce Breeding
Applications of Biotechnology and Genomics to Disease Resistance in Lettuce
Tissue Culture
Molecular Markers and Genome Sequencing
Status of Molecular Markers for Resistance to Specific Diseases
Transgenic Approaches
Genome Editing
Opportunities from Model and Other Species
Metagenomics
Conclusions
Lettuce Seed Germination Under Environmental Stress
Maternal Environment During Seed Maturation
Sensitivity to Temperature and Salinity Stress
Seed Technology Enhances Germination—but at a Price
Lettuce Diseases and Disorders
Infectious Agents
Abiotic Diseases and Disorders
Management of Lettuce Diseases and Disorders
Lettuce-Associated Microbiota
Population Size, Structure, and Function of Lettuce Microbiota
Plant Species, Cultivar, Age, and Growth
Location, Climate, and Season
Impact of Pathogens and Management Practices
Conclusions and Outlook
Food Safety
Plant-Associated Foodborne Pathogens
Routes and Sources of Contamination
Environmental Survival
Factors Contributing to Pathogen Survival and Growth on Leaf Surfaces
Improving Food Safety
Part I. Infectious Diseases
Diseases Caused by Fungi and Oomycetes
Anthracnose
Black Root Rot
Black Rot
Bottom Rot
Cercospora Leaf Spot
Damping-Off
Downy Mildew
Drop
Fusarium Wilt
Gray Mold
Phoma Leaf Spot and Basal Rot
Phytophthora Stem and Root Rot
Powdery Mildew
Pythium Wilt, Leaf Blight, and Root Rot
Septoria Leaf Spot
Southern Blight
Stemphylium Leaf Spot
Texas Root Rot
Verticillium Wilt
Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Bacterial Leaf Spot
Bacterial Soft Rot
Corky Root
Marginal Leaf Blight
Varnish Spot
Diseases Caused by Phytoplasmas
Lettuce Yellows (Aster Yellows), Lettuce Phyllody, and Australian Lettuce Phyllody
Diseases Caused by Viruses
Alfalfa Mosaic
Beet Western Yellows
Beet Yellow Stunt
Bidens Mottle
Broad Bean Wilt
Cucumber Mosaic
Dandelion Yellow Mosaic
Impatiens Necrotic Spot
Lettuce Big Vein
Lettuce Chlorosis
Lettuce Dieback
Lettuce Mosaic
Lettuce Mottle
Lettuce Necrotic Yellows
Sonchus Yellow Net
Sowthistle Yellow Vein
Tobacco Rattle
Tobacco Ringspot
Tobacco Streak
Tomato Spotted Wilt
Turnip Mosaic
Minor Viruses of Lettuce
Endive necrotic mosaic virus
Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus
Lettuce yellow mottle virus
Lettuce virus X
Sonchus virus
Diseases Caused by Nematodes
Lesion Nematode
Needle Nematode
Root-Knot Nematodes
Spiral Nematode
Stunt Nematode
Parasitic Plant
Broomrape
Part II. Arthropod Pests
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Family: Aphididae
Aphids
Family: Aleyrodidae
Whiteflies
Family: Cicadellidae
Leafhoppers
Family: Membracidae
Treehoppers
Family: Lygaeidae
Seed Bugs
Family: Miridae
Plant Bugs
Order: Diptera
Family: Agromyzidae
Leafminers
Family: Anthomyiidae
Seedcorn Maggot
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Chrysomelidae, Subfamily: Alticinae
Flea Beetles
Family: Chrysomelidae, Subfamily: Chrysomelinae
Leaf Beetles
Family: Elateridae
Wireworms
Family: Tenebrionidae
Darkling Beetles
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Noctuidae
Caterpillars
Armyworm
Beet Armyworm
Loopers
Cutworms
Corn Earworm and Tobacco Budworm
Family: Arctiidae
Saltmarsh Caterpillar
Order: Thysanoptera
Family: Thripidae
Thrips
Order: Orthoptera
Family: Gryllidae
Field Crickets
Order: Dermaptera
Family: Forficulidae
Earwigs
Order: Collembola
Springtails
Class: Symphyla
Order: Symphyla
Family: Scutigerellidae
Garden Symphylan
Class: Arachnida
Order: Acari
Family: Acaridae
Bulb Mites
Spider Mites
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Isopoda
Sowbugs and Pillbugs
Part III. Injuries and Abiotic and Noninfectious Diseases and Disorders
Mineral Deficiencies and Toxicities
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Noninfectious Physiological Disorders
Tipburn
Bolting
Rib Discoloration
Weather-Related Injury
Ammonium Toxicity
Soil pH and Salinity
Bird Damage
Herbicide Injury
Part IV. Postharvest Diseases and Disorders
Bacterial Soft Rot
Russet Spotting
Gray Mold
Brown Stain
Pink Rib
Other Postharvest Diseases and Disorders
Appendix
Glossary
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