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Index
Fedora Linux
Preface
How This Book Is Organized
What You Need to Use This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
Using Code Examples
Safari® Enabled
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
1. Quick Start: Installing Fedora
Choosing Fedora: Is It Right for You?
How Do I Do That?
What compatibility do you need?
What level of stability do you need?
What kind of support do you need?
Does your equipment meet Fedora’s system requirements?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...trying Fedora but also keeping Windows?
...other Linux distributions?
...seeing a list of the software packages included in Fedora Core?
Where Can I Learn More?
Obtaining Fedora Core Software
How Do I Do That?
Determining your architecture
Choosing boot and installation media
Creating Fedora Core CDs or DVDs
Buying Fedora Core CDs or DVDs
Preparing files for a hard disk installation
Preparing a USB flash disk, network installation server, or PXE boot server
How Does It Work?
What About...
...installing from a floppy disk?
Where Can I Learn More?
Installing Fedora Core
How Do I Do That?
Preparing for dual-boot
Starting the installation
Testing the installation media
Selecting the installation method
Installation stage 2
Upgrading a Fedora installation
Performing a new Fedora installation
Partitioning layout
General questions
Software selection
First boot
How Does It Work?
What About...
...rerunning the firstboot process to reset the system configuration?
...getting help if I encounter problems during (or after) installation?
Where Can I Learn More?
2. Using Fedora on Your Desktop
Getting Started Using the Fedora Graphical User Interfaces
How Do I Do That?
KDE or GNOME?
Using the desktop
Managing windows
Fast pasting
Logging out
How Does It Work?
What About...
...other desktops/GUIs?
Where Can I Learn More?
Customizing GNOME
How Do I Do That?
Customizing the desktop appearance using themes
Customizing the panels
Customizing the desktop background
Customizing the window manager’s behavior
Customizing Nautilus
Customizing keyboard shortcuts
How Does It Work?
What About...
...making a theme available to all users?
Where Can I Learn More?
Customizing KDE
How Do I Do That?
Customizing the desktop appearance using themes
Customizing the panels
Customizing the desktop background
Customizing the window manager’s behavior
Customizing Konqueror
Customizing keyboard shortcuts
How Does It Work?
What About...
...setting the defaults for new users?
Where Can I Learn More?
Fine-Tuning Your Display Configuration
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...per-user display resolution settings?
...creating the xorg.conf file without using system-config-display?
...using multiple mice and keyboards with one display?
...a nonstandard monitor, such as a widescreen laptop display?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring Printing
How Do I Do That?
Add a new print queue
Edit an existing print queue
Set the default print queue
Printing
How Does It Work?
What About...
...creating a group of similar printers that are accessed on a first-available-printer basis?
...setting up more than one queue for a printer?
...making a PDF instead of printing?
...using an HP multifunction printer?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring Sound
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...allowing multiple users to use a sound device at the same time?
...controlling the volume levels from the command line or a script?
...playing or recording an audio file from the command line?
Where Can I Learn More?
Adding and Configuring Fonts
How Do I Do That?
Adding and removing fonts using GNOME Nautilus
Adding and removing fonts using KDE Konqueror
Adding and removing fonts from the command line
Installing the Microsoft fonts
Using newly installed fonts
Configuring font rendering options
How Does It Work?
What About...
...getting a list of available fonts?
...specifying a font name?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using USB Storage
How Do I Do That?
Safely removing a USB drive
Configuring default actions in GNOME
Configuring default actions in KDE
How Does It Work?
What About...
...partitioning a flash drive?
...using a Linux filesystem such as ext2 on a USB storage device?
...accessing USB storage from a nongraphical application?
...manually mounting a USB storage device?
Where Can I Learn More?
3. Using Fedora on Your Notebook
Power Management
How Do I Do That?
Using gnome-power-manager to conserve power
Viewing power information
Changing the CPU speed
Managing power from the command line
Other ways to extend battery life
How Does It Work?
What About...
...stopping the hard drive motors when the drives are not in use?
...turning the computer on and off (or hibernating and resuming) at certain times automatically?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring Networking
How Do I Do That?
Configuring networking graphically
Changing a device configuration
Configuring DNS and the Hosts table
Saving and using the network configuration
Using network profiles
Configuring other network connection types
Using GNOME NetworkManager
Configuring networking from the command line
Configuring wireless networks from the command line
Netmasks and routing
DNS and hostnames
Configuring networking from the command line using DHCP
Using wireless adapters that require firmware
Using private networks
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using a Fedora system as a router?
...renaming a network interface, or configuring a “wlan” interface using the GUI configuration tool?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring a Touchpad
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using a touchpad and a mouse at the same time?
...disabling the touchpad automatically when I’m typing?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Dual Video Output
How Do I Do That?
Configuring dual video on an NVIDIA card
Configuring dual video on an ATI graphics card using the open source driver
Configuring dual video on an ATI video card using the ATI closed source driver
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using dual video output with another video driver?
Where Can I Learn More?
4. Basic System Management
Using the Command Line
How Do I Do That?
Understanding the shell prompt
Entering commands
Accessing previous commands
Obtaining a root prompt to enter commands as the superuser
Linux error messages
Logging out of a shell prompt
How Does It Work?
What About...
...accessing a character-mode display when the graphical user interface is running?
...finding out where a program is located?
...starting graphical programs?
...quickly entering a single command?
...the difference between commands, utilities, applications, and programs?
...using a different shell?
Where Can I Learn More?
Accessing Online Documentation
How Do I Do That?
Using manpages
Finding a manpage
Reading info documents
Viewing GNOME guides and KDE manuals
Accessing HOWTOs and guides
Viewing text files distributed with applications
What About...
...printing a manpage?
...making a PDF or HTML version of a manpage?
Where Can I Learn More?
Managing Files
How Do I Do That?
Understanding Linux directory names
Key directories
Ambiguous filenames
Choosing easy-to-use filenames
Listing the contents of directories
Displaying and changing the current working directory
Creating and removing directories from the command line
Copying files
Renaming and moving files
Removing files
Creating multiple names by linking files
Determining the contents of files
Viewing the contents of text files
Managing files graphically using GNOME
Managing files graphically with KDE
How Does It Work?
Matching filenames
The merged file hierarchy
What About...
...finding out which files are going to match an ambiguous filename before executing a command?
...entering a filename quickly at the shell prompt?
...using a filename in one command, and then reusing that filename in the next command?
Where Can I Learn More?
Basic Text Editing Using vi
How Do I Do That?
vi modes
Moving around
Inserting text
Deleting, yanking, and putting: vi’s version of cutting, copying, and pasting
Searching
Undoing, redoing, and repeating
Saving and exiting
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using vi with a GUI?
...using other text editors?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Runlevels
How Do I Do That?
Choosing the runlevel at boot time
Changing the runlevel after booting
Changing the default runlevel
Creating entries for different runlevels on the boot menu
How Does It Work?
What About...
...booting without an /etc/inittab file?
...using the GUI in runlevel 3?
Where Can I Learn More?
Managing and Configuring Services
How Do I Do That?
Configuring services using a character user interface
Configuring services from the command line
Managing services from the command line
How Does It Work?
What About...
...creating my own runlevel?
...creating my own service?
Where Can I Learn More?
Managing Users and Groups
How Do I Do That?
Managing users graphically
Managing groups graphically
Adding and managing users from the command line
Managing user passwords from the command line
Managing groups and delegating group maintenance from the command line
How Does It Work?
What About...
...the kuser program on the menu?
...editing the password and group files directly?
...checking that the password and group files are properly written?
Where Can I Learn More?
Control Access to Files
How Do I Do That?
Viewing the current user, group, and mode from the command line
Viewing the current user, group, and mode graphically
Changing permissions graphically
Changing permissions from the command line
Using group permissions
Default permissions
Changing file ownership
How Does It Work?
What About...
...viewing file permissions and ownership in the icon view of Nautilus?
...changing the group of a file graphically?
...deleting someone else’s file in /tmp?
...changing a file’s owner and group at the same time?
Where Can I Find More Information?
Managing Processes
How Do I Do That?
Monitoring process information graphically in GNOME
Monitoring process information graphically in KDE
Monitoring process information on a character display
Displaying process information from the shell prompt
Terminating processes from the shell prompt
How Does It Work?
What About...
...monitoring CPU load continuously?
...starting a process with a lower (or higher) priority than normal?
...changing the priority of an existing process?
...starting and managing background processes?
Where Can I Learn More?
Remote Management Using SSH
How Do I Do That?
Reducing the use of passwords
Using graphical applications remotely
How Does It Work?
What About...
...compressing data?
...connecting to a Fedora system from a Windows system using SSH?
...connecting to a Fedora system from a Mac OS X system?
...connecting to my home system from another location?
...using public/private keys without a passphrase?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Shell Redirection and Piping
How Do I Do That?
Redirection
Piping
How Does It Work?
What About...
...redirecting standard output and standard error to the same destination?
...redirecting to a device?
...splitting a pipe to send data to two destinations?
...piping and redirecting data that is not text?
Where Can I Learn More?
Writing Simple Scripts
How Do I Do That?
Shell and environment variables
Special variables
Control structures
Integer arithmetic
Making your scripts available to users of other shells
An example
Login and initialization scripts
How Does It Work?
What About...
...interacting with the user through the graphical user interface?
Where Can I Learn More?
5. Package Management
Querying the Package Management Database
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...converting an RPM to a plain archive?
...a damaged RPM database?
Where Can I Learn More?
Installing and Removing Software Using RPM
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...installing multiple versions of a package?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Repositories
How Do I Do That?
Using yum from the command line
Using yum with a GUI
Adding repositories
How Does It Work?
What About...
...installing proprietary video drivers?
...installing software to handle proprietary multimedia formats?
...excluding packages from management by yum?
Where Can I Learn More?
Rolling Back a Package Installation, Upgrade, or Removal
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...rolling back a package installation?
...rolling back a rollback?
...seeing what will happen during a rollback, before I decide to do it?
...the disk space used by the rollback files?
Where Can I Learn More?
Automating Updates
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...downloading but not installing updates?
...updating a machine when it’s booted?
Where Can I Learn More?
Installing From Source
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...packages that are not written in a compiled language?
...packages that don’t have a configure script?
Where Can I Learn More?
Making Your Own RPM Packages
How Do I Do That?
Preparing to build RPMs
Creating a spec file
How Does It Work?
What About...
...creating a desktop menu entry for a packaged program?
...running a script when a package is installed or removed?
...including an icon to identify the package?
...viewing the source code and the spec file for an existing package?
Where Can I Learn More?
Rebuilding an RPM Package for a Different Architecture
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...editing the spec file before rebuilding?
Where Can I Learn More?
6. Storage Administration
Using Logical Volume Management
How Do I Do That?
Managing LVM graphically
Growing a logical volume
Shrinking a logical volume
Creating a new logical volume
Creating a snapshot
Removing a logical volume or a snapshot
Adding a partition
Removing a partition
Managing LVMs from the command line
LVM device names
Getting information about LVM elements
Growing a logical volume
Shrinking a logical volume
Creating a new logical volume
Creating a snapshot logical volume
Removing a logical volume
Adding a partition
Removing a partition
Managing LVM in single-user mode
Managing LVM in rescue mode
How Does It Work?
What About...
...taking multiple snapshots of a filesystem?
...improving performance?
...LVM mirroring?
...using LVM with RAID?
...using a raw, unpartitioned disk as a PV?
...a failing disk drive?
...creating a flexible disk layout?
Where Can I Learn More?
Managing RAID
How Do I Do That?
Displaying Information About the Current RAID Configuration
Creating a RAID array
Handling a drive failure
Stopping and restarting a RAID array
Monitoring RAID arrays
Setting up a hot spare
Monitoring drive health
How Does It Work?
What About...
...booting from a RAID array?
...mixing and matching USB flash drives, USB hard disks, SATA, SCSI, and IDE/ATA drives?
...mirroring to a remote drive as part of a disaster-recovery plan?
...using more than one RAID array, but configuring one hot spare to be shared between them?
...configuring the rebuild rate for arrays?
...simultaneous drive failure?
Where Can I Learn More?
Making Backups
How Do I Do That?
Determining what data to back up
Determining how often to back up your data
Determine how quickly you will need to restore your data
Determine how far back in time you need to restore
Decision 1: Incremental versus full backups, and backup rotation
Decision 2: Decide on the backup media
Decision 3: Decide on media rotation and storage
Simple backup labeling
Backing up to DVD
Backing up to tape
Restoring files from backups
Viewing the table of contents and verifying a backup
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using LVM snapshots in a backup script?
...putting more than one backup on a tape?
...backing up multiple systems onto a central tape archive?
Where Can I Learn More?
Scheduling Tasks
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...daylight savings time?
...using an editor other than vi to edit the crontab?
...loading the crontab from a file?
Where Can I Learn More?
7. Network Services
Configuring Samba to Share Files with Windows Systems
How Do I Do That?
Adding additional Samba shares
Accessing Fedora printers from a Windows system
Configuring Samba from the command line
How Does It Work?
What About...
...disabling access to printers through Samba?
...accessing a Samba share on another Linux machine?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring a DHCP Server
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...older clients that use the bootp protocol?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring a Domain Name Server
How Do I Do That?
Configuring named graphically
Configuring named through configuration files and datafiles
Testing DNS entries
Configuring a slave nameserver
Using your nameservers locally
Serving domain information to the Internet
Reverse mapping
How Does It Work?
What About...
...changing from one nameserver to another?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring a CUPS Print Server
How Do I Do That?
Accessing a CUPS printer from Windows XP
How Does It Work?
What About...
...a client that uses the older LPD protocol?
...configuring sharing from the command line?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using the Apache Web Server
How Do I Do That?
Starting Apache
Testing Apache
Installing your own web content
Changing the default configuration
Configuring Apache graphically
Directly editing Apache’s configuration file
Configuring the server root and document root
Configuring the server administrator, IP address and port, and server name
Configuring access
Enabling personal web pages
Using virtual hosts
Enabling CGI scripts in every directory
Password-protecting content
How Does It Work?
What About...
...interpreting the Apache logfiles?
...using a more secure authentication scheme than Basic?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring the sendmail Server
How Do I Do That?
Preparing to configure sendmail and activating changes
Configuring sendmail to use a mail relay
Configuring sendmail to accept inbound email
Using aliases
Configuring virtual users
Configuring Masquerading
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using an alternate MTA?
...fetching mail from a remote mailbox?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring IMAP and POP3 Email
How Do I Do That?
Creating your own certificate
Disabling Encryption
Starting Dovecot
How Does It Work?
What About...
...IMAP folders other than the INBOX?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring Webmail
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...changing the SquirrelMail configuration?
...browsers that don’t support JavaScript or ECMAScript?
Where Can I Learn More?
Creating Databases and Accounts on a MySQL Server
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...creating my own scripts and programs that access MySQL data?
Where Can I Learn More?
Installing and Configuring a Wiki
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...changing the appearance of the Wiki?
...using a logo that isn’t rectangular?
...moving or deleting a page, or protecting a page against edits?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring an FTP Server
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...secure FTP?
Where Can I Learn More?
Analyzing Web and FTP Logs
How Do I Do That?
Analyzing virtual host logfiles
Analyzing the FTP logfile
Accessing the usage statistics from another location
How Does It Work?
Where Can I Learn More?
8. Securing Your System
Prevent Unwanted Connections
How Do I Do That?
Configuring the firewall in text mode
Temporarily disabling the firewall from the command line
How Does It Work?
What About...
...more complex firewall rules?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using SELinux
How Do I Do That?
Configuring SELinux from the command line
Determining which booleans to modify
Using file labels
Relabeling the system
Viewing and interpreting SELinux messages
How Does It Work?
What About...
...using the strict or MLS policies?
...booting with SELinux disabled?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Access Control Lists
How Do I Do That?
Setting the default ACL for new files
Copying and moving files with their ACLs
Copying an ACL from one file to another
Improving the appearance of ACL listings
How Does It Work?
What About...
...adjusting ACLs graphically?
...saving and restoring the ACLs of a file subtree?
...a version of tar that supports ACLs?
Where Can I Learn More?
Making Files Immutable
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...making an entire subtree immutable?
...other file attributes that might be useful?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using sudo to Delegate Privilege
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...changing the password timeout?
...voluntarily giving up the password timestamp?
...disabling the root password entirely (like a Debian or Ubuntu system)?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring PAM and consolehelper
How Do I Do That?
Using an authentication server
Adding a PAM module: restricting access by time and user
Automatic blacklisting of sites trying a brute-force password attack
PAM and consolehelper
How Does It Work?
What About...
...other PAM modules?
...permitting the console user to use su without a password?
Where Can I Learn More?
Logging
How Do I Do That?
Interpreting /var/log/messages
Creating your own logfile entries
Keeping an eye on logs
Configuring remote logging
Automated log watching
Log rotation
How Does It Work?
What About...
...sending log messages to a program?
...outputting to a named pipe?
...logging messages from printers, routers, and other network devices?
...using patterns within the message text to determine message routing?
Where Can I Learn More?
Detecting File Changes with AIDE
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...an intruder altering the fingerprint database?
...automating AIDE scans?
Where Can I Learn More?
9. The Fedora Community
Participating in the Fedora Mailing Lists
How Do I Do That?
Posting on the mailing list
How Does It Work?
What About...
...posting to a mailing list when a disposable email address is used to subscribe to the list?
...subscribing to a Fedora list in nondigest mode without having the list messages cluttering up my email inbox?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using IRC
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...saving an IRC discussion?
...other ways of accessing IRC?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Bugzilla
How Do I Do That?
Creating a Bugzilla account
Reporting a new bug
How Does It Work?
What About...
...receiving less (or more) email from Bugzilla?
...a bug that’s not really a bug?
...a bug due to problems in the upstream code?
...referring to a Bugzilla bug on the mailing lists or in IRC?
Where Can I Learn More?
Running Rawhide
How Do I Do That?
Updating Fedora Core to Rawhide
Installing Rawhide directly
Creating a local Rawhide mirror
Using a local Rawhide mirror
Rawhide-related mailing lists
How Does It Work?
What About...
...testing upcoming Fedora Core versions without performing a network installation or update?
...using other repositories with the Rawhide development repository?
Where Can I Learn More?
Participating in Fedora Projects
How Do I Do That?
Fedora Documentation
Fedora Translation
Fedora Extras
What About...
...Fedora-related projects that have sprung up outside of the official Fedora community?
Where Can I Learn More?
10. Advanced Installation
Resizing a Windows Partition
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...one or two small partitions that appear at the end of my disk drive?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring RAID and LVM During Installation
How Do I Do That?
Creating a boot filesystem
Creating RAID devices
Creating an LVM layout
How Does It Work?
What About...
...disk partitions on non-PC systems?
Where Can I Learn More?
Preparing Alternate Installation Media
How Do I Do That?
Preparing a USB drive
Preparing a network installation server
Preparing a PXE Boot Server
How Does It Work?
What About...
...installing from a public HTTP or FTP server?
...booting the installer from a mini-CD?
...booting the installer from floppy disk?
...configuring a PXE installation from the command line?
Where Can I Learn More?
Installing with Kickstart
How Do I Do That?
Using a Kickstart file
How Does It Work?
What About...
...creating a Kickstart file using a graphical tool?
...creating a Kickstart file that dynamically adjusts according to properties of the installation target?
...performing customization after installation?
...installing a system with the same configuration as another, previously installed system?
Where Can I Learn More?
Configuring the GRUB Bootloader
How Do I Do That?
Customizing the GRUB menu
Using your own splash image
Creating additional boot entries
Installing GRUB’s boot record from Fedora
Installing GRUB’s boot record from a GRUB DVD or floppy disk
Editing boot options
Installing or changing a GRUB password
How Does It Work?
What About...
...an archive of GRUB splash images?
...dual-booting between different Linux distributions?
Where Can I Learn More?
Using Rescue Mode on an Installation Disc
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...copying files to or from another machine while in rescue mode?
...using a GUI while in rescue mode?
...accessing software from the hard disk without using chroot?
Where Can I Learn More?
Installing Xen Virtual Machines
How Do I Do That?
How Does It Work?
What About...
...starting Xen guest domains automatically at boot time?
...hardware support for virtualization?
...using other network or storage configurations?
...booting other operating systems?
...monitoring the resource usage and activity of Xen domains?
Where Can I Learn More?
Colophon
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