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Index
Front Cover
Basic Photography
Copyright Page
Contents
Picture credits
Introduction
Chapter 1. What is photography?
Facets of photography
How photography works
Picture structuring
The roles photographs play
Changing attitudes towards photography
Personal styles and approaches
Measuring success
Summary
Projects
Chapter 2. Light: how images form
Light itself
Wavelengths and colours
Shadows
When light reaches a surface
Light intensity and distance
Making light form images
Summary
Projects
Chapter 3. Lenses: controlling the image
Photographic lenses
Aperture and f-numbers
Depth of field
How depth of field works
Depth of focus
Lens care
Summary
Projects
Chapter 4. Cameras using film
The essential components
Camera types – which is best?
How view cameras work
How direct viewfinder cameras work
How reflex cameras work
Summary
Projects
Chapter 5. Using different focal length lenses, camera kits
Why change focal length?
Lens kits
Close-up equipment
Essentials, and extras
Horses for courses
Summary
Projects
Chapter 6. Digital cameras
Overview – how images are captured
Film versus digital imaging routes
CCD limits to your final print size
Storing exposed shots on memory cards, disks
Point-and-shoot ‘low-end’ cameras
‘High-end’ cameras, digital backs
Will digital cameras take over?
Summary
Chapter 7. Lighting: principles and equipment
Basic characteristics of lighting
Lighting equipment
Practical lighting problems
Special subjects
Summary
Projects
Chapter 8. Organizing the picture
Noticing subject features
Structuring pictures through the camera
Commercial requirements
Summary
Projects
Chapter 9. Films, filters
Silver halide emulsions
Features common to all films
Choosing films for black and white
Films for colour photography
Storing film – before and after exposure
So which film is ‘best’?
Filters – how they work
Filter kits
Summary
Projects
Chapter 10. Exposure measurement
Factors that determine what exposure to give
Exposing different film types
Measuring exposure (continuous light)
Practical exposure tips
Measuring exposure for flash
Practical flash exposure tips
Summary
Chapter 11. Film processing
Equipment and general preparations
Processing black and white (silver image) negatives
Processing chromogenic (colour and black and white) negatives
Processing colour slides and transparencies
Processing other film materials
Processing by machine
Permanence of processed results
Summary
Projects
Chapter 12. Black and white printing: facilities and equipment
Darkroom organization
Equipment: the enlarger
Equipment: accessories
Printing papers
Safelighting and printing paper sensitivity
Processing procedure
Summary
Projects
Chapter 13. Black and white printing: techniques
Making contact prints
‘Straight’ enlarging
Controls during enlarging
Variations
Unusual printing materials
Common print faults
Chemical afterwork
Toning
Tinting
Summary
Projects
Chapter 14. Digital image manipulation
Overview
The hardware
Software programs
Learning the ropes
Working on pictures
Digital ethics
Summary
Projects
Chapter 15. Finishing and presenting work
The permanence of prints
Mounting methods
Spotting
Getting your work noticed
Summary
Projects
Appendices
A: Optical calculations
B: Camera movements
C: Expressing film response
D: Chemical formulae
E: Health and safety concerns
F: Digital notebook
Glossary
Index
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