Animal Eyes by Land, Michael F. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Acknowledgements Contents 1 The origin of vision

The first eyes Evolution of the essential components of visual systems Evolution of visual function The diversity of eye design Summary

2 Light and vision

The nature of light Light intensity Contrast Wavelength and colour Polarization Summary

3 What makes a good eye?

Fundamentals Resolution Sensitivity Conclusions Summary

4 Aquatic eyes: the evolution of the lens

Evolutionary origins Pinhole eyes: giant clams and Nautilus Under-focused lens eyes Forming a sharp image Eyes of fish and cephalopods Matching eye to environment Eyes with non-spherical lenses Summary

5 Lens eyes on land

A new optical surface Basic optics of cornea and lens Variations on the lens/cornea theme in land vertebrates Amphibious eyes Invertebrate eyes with corneal optics Summary

6 Mirrors in animals

Mirrors in eyes The physical optics of animal reflectors Uses of photonic reflectors in structures other than eyes Summary

7 Apposition compound eyes

Origins A little history: apposition and neural superposition Basic optics Ecological variations in apposition design The anomalous eyes of strepsipterans and trilobites Summary

8 Superposition eyes

Introduction—the nature of superposition imagery Refracting superposition Superposition and afocal apposition: the eyes of butterflies Reflecting superposition Parabolic superposition Summary

9 Movements of the eyes

Sampling the world in space and time How humans acquire visual information Are other animals like us? Insect flight behaviour seen as eye movement Translational saccades: head-bobbing in birds Why not let the eyes wander? Some consequences of image motion Exceptions: rotational scanning by one-dimensional retinae Summary

Principal symbols used in the text References Index Footnotes