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Index
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
About the Author
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I Introduction to Networking
1 Networks
Introduction to Networks
Network Characteristics
Components
Network Locations
Local Area Networks
Wide Area Networks
Network Topologies
Physical and Logical Topologies
Fully and Partially Meshed Topologies
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
2 OSI Reference Model
Introduction to the OSI Reference Model
Layers of the OSI Reference Model
Layer 7: The Application Layer
Layer 6: The Presentation Layer
Layer 5: The Session Layer
Layer 4: The Transport Layer
Layer 3: The Network Layer
Layer 2: The Data Link Layer
Layer 1: The Physical Layer
Devices
Encapsulation and De-encapsulation
Going Down the Protocol Stack
Going Up the Protocol Stack
Layers and Communication
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
3 Layer 2 LAN Technologies
Ethernet Evolution and Standards
Ethernet Operation
Ethernet Implementations
Framing
Addressing
Bit Values
Power of 2
Hexadecimal Conversion
MAC Addresses
Ethernet Connections
Cabling Types
Ethernet Media Types
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
4 Bridges and Switches
Problems and Limitations of Ethernet
Distance and Extension of LANs
Collisions, Collision Domains, and Congestion
Solutions to Collision Problems
Bridges
Switches
Bridges versus Switches
Methods of Switching
Duplexing
Switching Functions
Learning Function
Forwarding Function
Loops
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part II TCP/IP Protocol Suite
5 TCP/IP and the Internet Layer
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Internet Layer
Introduction to TCP/IP Addressing
TCP/IP Internet Protocols
DHCP
ARP
ICMP
TCP/IP Tools for Windows PCs
ipconfig Command
The ping Command
The tracert Command
The arp Command
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
6 IP Addressing and Subnetting
IP Addressing Review
Distinguishing Between Classes of Addresses
IP Address Components
Subnetting
Subnet Masks
Subnet Mask Values
IP Address Planning
Step 1: Determine Network and Host Requirements
Step 2: Satisfy Host and Network Requirements
Step 3: Determine the Subnet Mask
Step 4: Determine the Network Addresses
Step 5: Determine the Directed Broadcast Addresses
Step 6: Determine the Host Addresses
Exercise 6-1: IP Address Planning
Determining IP Address Components
Six-Step Approach for Determining IP Address Components
Example #1 for Determining IP Address Components
Example #2 for Determining IP Address Components
Example #3 for Determining IP Address Components
Exercise 6-2: Determining Network, Directed Broadcast, and Host Components
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
7 VLSM
VLSM
Features of VLSM
Addressing with VLSM
VLSM Example 1
VLSM Example 2
Route Summarization
Advantages of Summarization
Classless Interdomain Routing
Hierarchical Addressing
Routing and Subnet Masks
The Routing Table
Performing Summarization
Exercise 7-1: Performing Route Summarization
Exercise 7-2: Verifying Route Summarization
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
8 TCP/IP and the Transport Layer
Transport Layer Functions
Flow Control
Reliability
Multiplexing
Segmentation
Transport Layer Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol
User Datagram Protocol
TCP and UDP Applications
Ports
Application Mapping
Session Establishment
TCP’s Three-Way Handshake
TCP’s Sequencing and Acknowledgments
TCP’s Flow Control and Windowing
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
9 Sending and Receiving TCP/IP Packets
Network Components and Addressing Review
Layer 1 Components
Layer 2 Components
Layer 3 Components
End-to-End Delivery Example
PC-A Acquires Addressing Information
PC-A Opens Up a Session to PC-B
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part III Cisco Catalyst Switches
10 Cisco IOS Software
Introduction to Cisco Device Configuration
Router and Switch Connections
Device Startup
Command-Line Interface (CLI)
IOS Differences
Interacting with IOS
CLI Access Modes
IOS Basics
Command Abbreviation and Completion
Context-Sensitive Help
Error Messages
Entering Commands
IOS Feature Example
Exercise 10-1: Using IOS Features
Basic IOS Configuration
Accessing Configuration Mode
Device Identification
Subconfiguration Modes
Line Configuration
Interface Configuration
Basic IOS Security Configuration
Physical and Environmental Threats
Passwords
Login Banners
IOS Operation and Verification
Show and Debug Command Overview
Running and Startup Configuration
Device Version Information
Interface Information
Exercise 10-2: Using the CLI to Set Up
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
11 Initial Switch Configuration
2960 Overview
2960 Hardware Chassis
2960 LEDs and MODE Button
MODE Button
Switch Startup
Switch Bootup Process
System Configuration Dialog
Basic Switch Configuration
IP Address and Default Gateway
Example Configuration
Exercise 11-1: Configuring the Switches
Basic Switch Operation and Verification
MAC Address Table
Static MAC Addresses
Exercise 11-2: CAM Tables
Port Security Feature
Port Security Configuration
Port Security Verification
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
12 VLANs and Trunks
VLAN Overview
Subnets and VLANs
Scalability
VLANs and Traffic Types
VLAN Membership
VLAN Connections
Access Link Connections
Trunk Connections
VLAN Trunk Protocol
VTP Modes
VTP Messages
VTP Pruning
VLAN Configuration
Configuring VTP
Configuring Trunks
Exercise 12-1: Configuring Trunks on Your Switches
Creating VLANs
Basic Troubleshooting of VLANs and Trunks
Exercise 12-2: Configuring VLANs on Your Switches
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
13 Switches and Redundancy
Layer 2 Redundancy
Hierarchical Campus Design
Layer 2 Issues
show processes Command
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bridge Protocol Data Units
Root Switch
Root Port
Designated Port
Port States
Layer 2 Convergence
Per-VLAN STP Plus
Simple STP Example
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Additional Port Roles
RSTP BPDUs
RSTP Convergence Features
RSTP Configuration
PVST+ and RSTP Optimization
Exercise 13-1: Examining STP Information on Your Switches
EtherChannels
EtherChannel Overview
EtherChannel Configuration
STP Troubleshooting
Loop Identification
Configuration Remedies
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part IV Cisco Routers and LANs
14 Routers and Routing
Routing Introduction
Types of Routes
Autonomous Systems
Administrative Distance
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Routing Metrics
Distance Vector Protocols
Link State Protocols
Hybrid Protocols
Distance Vector Protocol Problems and Solutions
Problem: Convergence
Problem: Routing Loops
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
15 Initial Router Configuration
Router Hardware Components
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Other Components
Router Bootup Process
Bootstrap Program
System Configuration Dialog
Configuration Register
Disabling Unused Services
Manually Disabling Unused Services
AutoSecure
Router Configuration
Interface Configuration
Subnet Zero Configuration
Static Host Configuration
Exercise 15-1: Using IOS Features
Router-on-a-Stick
Subinterface Configuration
Interface Encapsulation
Router-on-a-Stick Example Configuration
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
16 IOS Device Management
Router Configuration Files
Saving Configuration Files
Restoring Configuration Files
Creating and Deleting Configuration Files
Configuration File Nomenclature
Review of Configuration Files
Exercise 16-1: Manipulating Your Router’s Configuration Files
Changes in Your Network
Adding Devices
Changing Devices
IOS Image Files
Naming Conventions for IOS Images
Before Upgrading the IOS Image
Backing Up an IOS Image
Loading an IOS Image
Remote Access to Your IOS Device
SSH vs. Telnet Access
SSH Configuration
Basic Troubleshooting
Local ARP Table
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Layer 3 Connectivity Testing
Layer 7 Connectivity Testing
Debug Overview
Exercise 16-2: Using the Router’s Troubleshooting Tools
Licensing
Installing Licenses
Licensing Verification
Managing Licenses
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
17 Management Protocols for Cisco Devices
Network Time Protocol
NTP Overview
NTP Configuration
NTP Verification
NTP Configuration Example
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP Server Configuration
DHCP Relay Configuration
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP Overview
SNMP Versions
SNMP Configuration
Logging
Logging Messages
Logging Severity Levels
Logging Configuration
Logging Verification
Logging CLI Example
NetFlow
NetFlow Architecture
NetFlow Configuration
NetFlow Verification
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part V Routing
18 Basic Routing
Static Routes
Static Route Configuration
Default Route Configuration
Default Network Configuration
Default Routes and Distance Vector Protocols
Static Route Verification and Troubleshooting
Exercise 18-1: Static Route Configuration
Exercise 18-2: Basic IP and Routing Troubleshooting
Dynamic Routing Protocol Basics
The router Command
The network Command
RIP
RIP Operation
RIP Configuration
RIP Verification and Troubleshooting
Exercise 18-3: Configuring RIP
Exercise 18-4: Basic RIP Troubleshooting
Default Gateway Redundancy
Problems of Traditional Default Gateway Redundancy Solutions
Hot Standby Routing Protocol
Other Protocols
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
19 OSPF Routing
OSPF Overview
Hierarchical Design: Areas
Metric Structure
OSPF Operation
Router Identities
Finding Neighbors
Designated and Backup Designated Routers
Sharing Routing Information
OSPF Configuration
Loopback Interfaces
Default Route Propagation
OSPF Metric Values
OSPF Authentication
OSPF Troubleshooting
The show ip protocols Command
The show ip route Command
The show ip ospf Command
The show ip ospf database Command
The show ip ospf interface Command
The show ip ospf neighbor Command
The debug ip ospf adj Command
The debug ip ospf events Command
The debug ip ospf packet Command
Exercise 19-1: Configuring OSPF
Exercise 19-2: Troubleshooting OSPF
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
20 EIGRP Routing
EIGRP Overview
Metrics and Interoperability
Routing Tables and Updates
EIGRP Operation
Building Neighbor Relationships
Choosing Routes
EIGRP Configuration
EIGRP Configuration Example
Other EIGRP Commands
EIGRP Troubleshooting
The show ip protocols Command
The show ip route Command
The show ip eigrp neighbors Command
The show ip eigrp topology Command
The show ip eigrp interfaces Command
The show ip eigrp traffic Command
The debug ip eigrp Command
The debug eigrp packets Command
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part VI Advanced Cisco Router Features
21 Access Control Lists
ACL Overview
Definition
Types
Processing
Basic ACL Configuration
Creating an ACL
Matching on Addresses: Wildcard Masks
Activating an ACL
ACL Types
Standard Numbered ACLs
Exercise 21-1: Configuring Standard Numbered ACLs
Extended Numbered ACLs
Named ACLs
ACL Remarks
Access List Verification
ACL Changes
ACL Placement
Standard ACLs
Extended ACLs
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
22 Address Translation
Address Translation Overview
Running Out of Addresses
Private Addresses
Address Translation
Address Translation Types
Terms and Definitions
Network Address Translation
Port Address Translation
Advantages of Address Translation
Disadvantages of Address Translation
Address Translation Configuration
NAT Configuration
PAT Configuration
Address Translation Verification
Translation Process and Troubleshooting
Local-to-Global Translation
Global-to-Local Translation
Address Translation Troubleshooting
Exercise 22-1: Configuring Static Address Translation
Exercise 22-2: Configuring Dynamic Address Translation
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
23 IPv6
Necessity of IPv6
Growth Issues
IPv6 Features
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Address Format
Types of IPv6 Addresses
IPv6 Enhancements
IPv6 Header
ICMPv6
Address Assignment
Static Address Assignment
DHCPv6
Stateless Auto-configuration
Routing and IPv6
Supported Routing Protocols
IPv6 Configuration
Enabling IPv6 and Assigning Addresses
IPv6 Static Routing
RIPng
OSPFv3
EIGRP for IPv6
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part VII Cisco Routers and WANs
24 WAN Introduction
Wide Area Networking Overview
Equipment and Components
Connection Types
WAN Interfaces on Cisco Routers
WAN Cabling
Encapsulation Methods
HDLC
Frame Type
Configuring HDLC
PPP
PPP Components
Configuring PPP
Troubleshooting PPP
PPP Authentication
Exercise 24-1: Configuring PPP
Exercise 24-2: Basic PPP Troubleshooting
Virtual Private Networks
Benefits
VPN Types
IPsec
Generic Route Encapsulation Tunnels
GRE Overview
GRE Configuration and Verification
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
25 Frame Relay
Virtual Circuits
Fully Meshed Design
Advantages of VCs
Types of VCs
Supported Serial Connections
Frame Relay Terms
LMI
DLCIs
VC Data Rates
Congestion Control
Frame Relay Configuration
Encapsulation Configuration
LMI Configuration
Troubleshooting LMI
PVC Configuration
Exercise 25-1: Configuring Frame Relay
Non-Broadcast Multi-Access Environments
Topology Types
Split Horizon Issues
Solutions to Split Horizon Problems
Subinterfaces
Exercise 25-2: Configuring Frame Relay
Two-Minute Drill
Q&A Self Test
Self Test Answers
Part VIII Appendixes
A Exam Readiness Checklist: CCNA 200-120
B About the Download
System Requirements
Downloading, Installing, and Running the Boson NetSim LE and BEE
Boson NetSim LE
Register the Boson NetSim LE
BEE and Practice Exams
Downloading from McGraw-hill Professional’s Media Center
Video Training from the Author
Help
Troubleshooting the NetSim LE
Removal of the Software Installation(s)
McGraw-Hill Education Content Support
Boson Software Technical Support
Glossary
Index
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