The Spatial Economy · Cities, Regions, and International Trade (MIT Press) by Fujita, Masahisa -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Halftitle Title Copyright Content Preface 1 Introduction

1.1 The Rediscovery of Geography 1.2 Linkages and Circular Causation 1.3 Modeling Tricks: Dixit-Stiglitz, Icebergs, Evolution, and the Computer 1.4 Two Useful Questions 1.5 Plan of the Book

I Some Intellectual Background

2 Antecedents I: Urban Economics

2.1 The von Thünen Model 2.2 Explaining Cities: External Economies 2.3 Urban Systems 2.4 Multiple Subcenters 2.5 Uses and Limits of Traditional Urban Economics Notes

3 Antecedents II: Regional Science

3.1 Central-Place Theory 3.2 Base-Multiplier Analysis 3.3 Market Potential Analysis 3.4 Limitations of Regional Science Appendix: A Brief Introduction to Bifurcations Notes

II Labor Mobility and Regional Development

4.1 Consumer Behavior 4.2 Multiple Locations and Transport Costs 4.3 Producer Behavior 4.4 Some Normalizations 4.5 The Price Index Effect and the Home Market Effect 4.6 The “No-Black-Hole” Condition Notes

5 Core and Periphery

5.1 Assumptions 5.2 Instantaneous Equilibrium 5.3 The Core-Periphery Model: Statement and Numerical Examples 5.4 When Is a Core-Periphery Pattern Sustainable? 5.5 When is the Symmetric Equilibrium Broken? 5.6 Implications and Conclusions Appendix: Symmetry Breaking Notes

6 Many Regions and Continuous Space

6.1 The Three-Region Case 6.2 The Racetrack Economy 6.3 The Turing Approach 6.4 The Growth Rate of a Fluctuation 6.5 Determining the Preferred Frequency: The Large Economy 6.6 From Local to Global 6.7 Conclusions Appendix: Simulation Parameters Notes

7 Agricultural Transport Costs

7.1 Trade Costs: The Realities 7.2 Trade Costs: The Model 7.3 Core-Periphery or Symmetry? 7.4 Differentiated Agricultural Products 7.5 Conclusions Appendix 7.1: Symmetry Breaking Appendix 7.2: Simulation Parameters Notes

III The Urban System

8 Spatial Models of Urban Systems: A Heuristic Introduction

8.1 Location Decisions and the Distribution of Demand 8.2 Sustaining and Locking In Urban Location 8.3 Population Growth and City Formation 8.4 Urban Hierarchies 8.5 Ports and Transportation Hubs 8.6 Conclusions Notes

9 The Monocentric Economy

9.1 The Model 9.2 The von Thünen Economy 9.3 The Market Potential Function 9.4 The Potential Function and the Sustainability of a City Appendix 9.1: On the Definition of the Market Potential Function Appendix 9.2: The Limit Market Potential Function Notes

10 The Emergence of New Cities

10.1 Adjustment Dynamics and the Stability of the Spatial System 10.2 From One City to Three 10.3 Emergence of New Cities in the Long Run 10.4 Conclusions Appendix 10.1: Bifurcation with Costly Transport of Agricultural Goods Appendix 10.2: Supplementary Calculations for Appendix 10.1 Appendix 10.3: Adjustment Dynamics of a General Three-City Case Notes

11 Evolution of a Hierarchical Urban System

11.1 The Formation of an Urban Hierarchy in Nineteenth-Century America 11.2 The Model 11.3 The Monocentric System 11.4 Self-Organization Toward a Hierarchical System 11.5 Conclusions Appendix 11.1: The Equilibrium of the Agricultural Market Appendix 11.2: The Equilibrium Conditions of the Monocentric Economy Appendix 11.3: The Proof that (11.16) Implies (11.17) Notes

12 An Empirical Digression: The Sizes of Cities

12.1 The Size Distribution of Cities 12.2 Do Urban Theories Predict the Rank-Size Rule? 12.3 Can Random Growth Explain the Rank-Size Rule? 12.4 Conclusions Note

13 Ports, Transportation Hubs, and City Location

13.1 The Monocentric Economy 13.2 The Impact of a Transportation Hub on the Market Potential Function 13.3 Patterns of Spatial Evolution 13.4 Conclusions Notes

IV International Trade

14 International Specialization

14.1 A Model with Intermediate Goods 14.2 The Structure of Equilibria 14.3 Agglomeration and National Inequalities 14.4 Decreasing Returns in Agriculture 14.5 Conclusions Appendix 14.1: Symmetry Breaking Appendix 14.2: Simulation Parameters Notes

15 Economic Development and the Spread of Industry

15.1 Growth and Sustainable Wage Differentials 15.2 Many Industries and Many Countries 15.3 Conclusions Appendix 15.1: The Multicountry, Multi-Industry Model Appendix 15.2: Simulation Parameters Notes

16 Industrial Clustering

16.1 Industrial Clusters: The Evidence 16.2 Industrial Clusters: The Model 16.3 Concentration or Dispersion? 16.4 Adjustment and Real Income 16.5 Multiple Factors: Industrial Clustering in a Heckscher-Ohlin World 16.6 Multiple Industries and Sustainable Cross-Country Differences 16.7 Conclusions Appendix 16.1: Symmetry Breaking Appendix 16.2: Adjustment and Real Income Appendix 16.3: The Production Possibility Frontier Appendix 16.4: Multiple Industries Appendix 16.5: Simulation Parameters Notes

17 A Seamless World

17.1 The Model 17.2 The Frequency of Agglomeration 17.3 From Local to Global 17.4 Punctuated Equilibrium 17.5 Multiple Industries 17.6 Center and Periphery 17.7 Conclusions Appendix 17.1: Symmetry Breaking Appendix 17.2: Simulation Parameters Notes

18 External Trade and Internal Geography

18.1 Urban Concentration in an Open Economy 18.2 The Effects of Trade Liberalization 18.3 Industrial Clustering and External Trade 18.4 Industrial Structure and Urban Concentration 18.5 Conclusions Appendix 18.1: Symmetry Breaking Appendix 18.2: Simulation Parameters Notes

19 The Way Forward

19.1 The Theoretical Menu 19.2 Empirical Work 19.3 Quantification 19.4 Welfare Implications 19.5 Where We Stand

References Index