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Index
802.11n: A Survival Guide
Foreword
Preface
Audience
Conventions Used in This Book
Safari® Books Online
How to Contact Us
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction to 802.11n-2009
History
The Technology of 802.11n
Physical Layer (PHY) Enhancements
Link Layer (MAC) Enhancements
802.11n: First We Take the LAN, Then We Take the World
I. The PHY
2. MIMO and the 802.11n PHY
The Big Idea: MIMO and Data Streams
Spatial Streams
Radio Chains
Relationship Between Spatial Streams and Radio Chains
3. Channels, Framing, and Coding
Channel Structure and Layout
Channel Structure
Regulatory Rules and Operating Channels
Transmission: Modulation and Guard Interval
Modulation and Coding Set (MCS)
Forward Error Correcting Codes in 802.11n
Guard Interval
PLCP Framing
HT Mixed Mode PLCP Format
HT Signal Field
Data Field
Transmission and Reception Process
802.11n Speed
Comparison 1: 802.11a/g versus 1x1 11n
Comparison 2: 20 MHz versus 40 MHz channels
Mandatory PHY Features
4. Advanced PHY Features for Performance
Beamforming
Types of Beamforming
Space-Time Block Code (STBC)
Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC)
II. The MAC
5. MAC Basics
Frame Changes
Airtime Efficiency Improvements
A-MPDU
A-MPDU Density
A-MSDU
Aggregation Compared
Block Acknowledgment
Reduced Interfame Space (RIFS)
Protection of Non-HT Transmissions
Protection Mechanisms
PHY-layer protection: L-SIG duration in HT-Mixed Mode
MAC-layer protection: CTS-to-self
MAC layer protection: transmission mode switch
Protection Rules
Security
Mandatory MAC Features
6. Advanced MAC Features for Interoperability
Radio Medium Coordination
Clear-Channel Assessment (CCA)
Channel Width Selection (20/40 MHz BSS)
Channel access rules
40 MHz Intolerance for Channel Width Interoperability
Power-Saving
Spatial Multiplexing (SM) Power Save
Power-Save Multi-Poll (PSMP)
III. Using 802.11n to Build a Network
7. Planning an 802.11n Network
What’s On Your Network?
Mobile End-User Devices
802.11n and Single-Stream Clients
Traffic and Application Mix
Network Integration
Network Services
Edge services
Network-wide services
Remote services
Backbone Connectivity
Power Requirements
Security
TKIP Transition Planning and Support
Separate SSIDs
Simultaneous support of TKIP and CCMP
User Authentication
Design Checklist
8. Designing and Installing an 802.11n Network
Network Architecture for 802.11n
Architecture Comparison
Management plane
Data plane
Control plane
802.11n Hardware
Technology “Waves”
Wi-Fi Alliance Certification
Mandatory tests
Optional tests
Coverage and Capacity Planning
AP Mounting Locations
Channel Types and Layout
AP Transmit Power Setting
Network Management
Network Analysis
Network Tuning
Tuning for voice
Tuning for multicast
Implementation Checklist
A. Afterword
Glossary
About the Author
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