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Index
Acknowledgments
Introduction
CHAPTER 1 The World of the Microorganism
Types of Microorganisms
What Is a Microorganism?
What’s in a Name: Naming and Classifying
How Small Is a Microorganism?
Your Body Fights Back
History of the Microscope
How Do Organisms Appear?
Germ Theory
Vaccination
The Method of Science
Quiz
CHAPTER 2 The Chemical Elements of Microorganisms
Everything Matters
Chemical Elements and the Atom
A Dinner Table of Elements: The Periodic Table
The Glowing Tale of Isotopes
Around They Go: Electronic Configuration
Before James, There Was Bond . . . Chemical Bond
Decoding Chemical Shorthand
I Just Want to See Your Reaction
Molarity: Hey, There’s a Mole among Us
An Unlikely Pair: Inorganic and Organic
The Blueprint of Protein Synthesis
Types of Nucleic Acids
The Powerhouse: ATP
Quiz
CHAPTER 3 Observing Microorganisms
Size Is a Matter of Metrics
Here’s Looking at You
What Big Eyes You Have: Magnification
The Microscope
Measuring Magnification
Preparing Specimens
Quiz
CHAPTER 4 Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells
Six Processes of Life
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Quiz
CHAPTER 5 Chemical Metabolism
Cellular Metabolism
Riding the Metabolism Cycle
Catabolic and Anabolic: The Only Reactions You Need
A Little Give and Take: Oxidation-Reduction
Making Power: ATP Production
What’s Your Name: Naming and Classifying Enzymes
Brewing Up Proteins
The Magic of Enzymes: Enzyme Activities
The Krebs Cycle
Fermentation
Photosynthesis
Quiz
CHAPTER 6 Microbial Growth and Controlling Microbial Growth
Chemical Requirements for Microbial Growth
Culture Media
Phases of Growth
Measurements of Microbial Growth
Establishing Bacterial Numbers by Indirect Methods
Controlling Microbial Growth
Microbial Death Rates
Action of Antimicrobial Agents
Chemical Agents that Control Microbial Growth
Quiz
CHAPTER 7 Microbial Genetics
Genetics
DNA Replication: Take My Genes, Please!
Protein Synthesis
Controlling Genes: You’re under My Spell
Mutations: Not a Pretty Copy
Quiz
CHAPTER 8 Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic Engineering: Designer Genes
Gene Therapy: Makes You Feel Better
DNA Fingerprinting: Gotcha
Recombinant DNA Technology and Society: Too Much of a Good Thing
Quiz
CHAPTER 9 Classification of Microorganisms
Taxonomy: Nothing to Do with the Internal Revenue Service
Nomenclature of Taxonomy: Name Calling
Classification: All Natural
Quiz
CHAPTER 10 The Prokaryotes: Domains Archaea and Bacteria
Archaea
Aerobic/Microaerophilic, Motile, Helical/Vibroid, Gram-Negative Bacteria
Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci
Facultative Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci and Rods
Rickettsias and Chlamydias
Mycoplasmas
Gram-Positive Cocci
Endospore-Forming Bacteria
Gram-Positive Regular Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli
Gram-Positive Irregular Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli
Mycobacteria
Nocardia
Quiz
CHAPTER 11 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
Fungi
Algae
Protozoa
Helminths
Quiz
CHAPTER 12 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Viruses
Viroids
Prions
Quiz
CHAPTER 13 Epidemiology and Disease
What Is Epidemiology?
Classification of Disease
Infection Sites
Disease Transmission
The Development of Disease
Epidemiologic Studies
Control of Communicable Diseases
Nosocomial Infections
Who Is Susceptible?
Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections
Quiz
CHAPTER 14 Immunity
What Is Immunity?
Types of Immunity
A Closer Look at Antigens
A Closer Look at Binding
B Cells (B Lymphocytes)
Lasting Immunity
Antibodies Used for Diagnosing Diseases
Chemical Messengers
T Cells (T Lymphocytes)
Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells
Quiz
CHAPTER 15 Vaccines and Diagnosing Diseases
What Is a Vaccine?
Types of Vaccines
Developing a Vaccine
Diagnosing Diseases
Quiz
CHAPTER 16 Antimicrobial Drugs
Chemotherapeutic Agents: The Silver Bullet
Antimicrobial Activity: Who to Attack?
The Attack Plan
Exploring Antimicrobial Drugs
Chemotherapy Tests (Antibiotic Sensitivity Tests)
Quiz
Final Exam
Answers to Quizzes and Final Exam
Index
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