The Norwegian Nominal System by Halmøy, Madeleine -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Copyright Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations List of tables, figures and grammatical definitions 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical, empirical and methodological foundations

2.1 Theory: signifié/signifiant

2.1.1 Arbitrariness and conventions 2.1.2 Saussure and syntax: linearity, limitations of arbitrariness 2.1.3 Neo-Saussurean syntax 2.1.4 Summary and implications

2.2 The object of study: synchrony/diachrony and langue/parole

2.2.1 Synchrony/diachrony 2.2.2 Delimiting the object of study in time and space 2.2.3 Langage, langue, parole 2.2.4 Further delimiting the object of study – the Norwegian Nominal System

2.3 Methodology

2.3.1 Syntagmatic vs. paradigmatic relations, value and signification 2.3.2 The contrastive view 2.3.3 The concrete data

2.4 Neo-Saussurean grammar vs. other current theories

2.4.1 Neo-Saussurean grammar and (European) structuralism 2.4.2 Neo-Saussurean vs. generative gramar 2.4.3 Neo-Saussurean vs. cognitive linguistics and construction grammar(s) 2.4.4 Summary

2.5 Closing the chapter

3 Norwegian nouns and adjectives

3.1 Norwegian nouns 3.2 The Norwegian definite forms

3.2.1 Distribution and interpretation of the definite forms – definiteness as identifiability 3.2.2 Implicit or “missing” possessives

3.3 The Norwegian Indefinite Plural

3.3.1 Sentential distribution and interpretations of the Indefinite Plural 3.3.2 Phrasal distribution 3.3.3 Reference to kinds from a Norwegian perspective

3.3.3.1 Norwegian Indefinite Plurals as a diagnostic for kind reference 3.3.3.2 Number and the English bare plural, Bouchard (2002) 3.3.3.3 (Sentential) Interpretations of the Norwegian Indefinite Plural 3.3.3.4 Reference to kinds in Norwegian 3.3.3.5 Summary - kinds

3.3.4 Non-definite plurals in Danish and Swedish 3.3.5 Summary: Norwegian Indefinite Plurals

3.4 The Norwegian Bare Noun

3.4.1 Norwegian and French vs English – nominal predication (and lone determiners) 3.4.2 Norwegian vs. English – uniqueness, intentionality, massiveness 3.4.3 Idiosyncratically Norwegian – type readings

3.4.3.1 Norwegian Bare Nouns, number and definiteness 3.4.3.2 Norwegian Bare Nouns are numberable 3.4.3.3 Norwegian nouns and agreement 3.4.3.4 General number and subject-tense agreement

3.5 Value and interpretations of Norwegian nouns 3.6 Some remarks and speculations on variation 3.7 A note on grammar and ontology 3.8 Closing Norwegian nouns 3.9 Norwegian adjectives

3.9.1 Positive adjectives – attributive use 3.9.2 Positive adjectives – pronominal use

3.9.2.1 Pronominal use of the singular indefinite adjectives 3.9.2.2 Pronominal use of -e Adjectives 3.9.2.3 Closing

3.9.3 Predicative use: an apparent problem – the weak/strong distinction 3.9.4 Over- and under-differentiated paradigms – featural composition revisited 3.9.5 Comparatives and superlatives 3.9.6 Closing Norwegian Adjectives

3.10 A welcome consequence – economic featural distribution in attributive adjective-noun combinations

4 Nominal function words

4.1 On function words and word classes 4.2 Personal pronouns 4.3 Quantifiers

4.3.1 The en-series

4.3.1.1 The semantics of the en-series 4.3.1.2 En, ei, et and (de)accentuation 4.3.1.3 Special interpretation of en – with a note on man 4.3.1.4 Summing up

4.3.2 Noen and noe

4.3.2.1 The core meaning of noe(n) 4.3.2.2 Additional features of noe(n) 4.3.2.3 Special interpretations of noe(n) 4.3.2.4 Summary

4.3.3 Norwegian All quantifiers

4.3.3.1 All, alt, alle 4.3.3.2 Other all quantifiers

4.4 The demonstratives den, det, de

4.4.1 Core semantics of det, den, de 4.4.2 Distribution and additional semantics of den, det, de 4.4.3 Other interpretations 4.4.4 Special uses of det 4.4.5 Summary demonstratives

4.5 Conclusion

5 Syntax – combinatorial and syntactically complex signs

5.1 The Sign Theory of Syntax: combinatorial signs

5.1.1 Syntax as combinatorial signs 5.1.2 The meaning of combinatorial signs 5.1.3 The form of combinatorial signs

5.2 Juxtaposition and the distribution of possessives and attributive adjectives

5.2.1 Ordering of head and dependents 5.2.2 Pronominal possession 5.2.3 Distribution of attributive adjectives 5.2.4 Agreement and ungrammaticality: convention vs. conceptual incompatibility 5.2.5 Dependent marking

5.3 Superimposition and adjectival modification

5.3.1 Definite adjectival combinations and deaccentuate

5.3.1.1 The role of the demonstrative in the Default Definite Adjectival Construction 5.3.1.2 Norwegian vs. Danish 5.3.1.3 Definite vs. deixis 5.3.1.4 The sign deaccentuation/-CONTRAST 5.3.1.5 Restrictive vs. descriptive interpretations of the Default Adjectival Construction 5.3.1.6 Adjectival modification of non-definite NPs 5.3.1.7 Closing remarks

5.3.2 Intensifying Noun Phrases

5.3.2.1 A description of Intensifying Noun Phrases 5.3.2.2 The formal representation of Intensifying Noun Phrases 5.3.2.3 Closing remarks: Prosody and iconicity

5.3.3 Omissions of the definite suffixes

5.3.3.1 Omission of definite suffixes in adjectival constructions 5.3.3.2 Demonstratives, relative clauses and (in)definiteness 5.3.3.3 Definite vs. non-definite forms after all-quantifiers 5.3.3.4 Summary

5.3.4 Absence of the demonstrative

5.3.4.1 Restrictive definite adjectival constructions 5.3.4.2 Constructions that require absence of the demonstrative 5.3.4.3 Emotive Adjectival Construction 5.3.4.4 Vocatives and the Emotive Construction

5.4 Summary superimposition and adjectival modification

6 Concluding remarks Bibliography Subject Index Endnotes

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