Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry by Thrall, Mary Anna -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title page Copyright page Dedication Contributors Preface

Audience Organization Revisions and additions

Preface to the First Edition

Audience Organization Unique art program Author team

I: General Principles of Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis

1 Laboratory Technology for Veterinary Medicine

Hematologic techniques Chemistry techniques

2 Sample Collection, Processing, and Analysis of Laboratory Service Options

Sample collection and processing Analysis of diagnostic service implementation options Factors to consider when committing to in-house testing Factors to consider when selecting external laboratory services

3 Perspectives in Laboratory Data Interpretation and Disease Diagnosis

Introduction Reference interval background Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values Quality control Common factors that introduce error in laboratory values Approach to interpreting laboratory data

4 Immunodiagnostics: Current Use and Future Trends in Veterinary Medicine

Introduction Antibody structure Generation of antibodies used in immunoassays Immunoassay formats Factors influencing immunoassay design Factors influencing immunoassay performance Future trends for use of immunodiagnostics in veterinary medicine

II: Hematology of Common Domestic Species

5 Erythrocyte Morphology

Erythrocyte color Erythrocyte size Erythrocyte shape Structures in or on erythrocytes Erythrocyte arrangement on blood films

6 Classification of and Diagnostic Approach to Anemia

Classification of anemia Diagnostic approach Summary

7 Nonregenerative Anemia

Aplastic anemia (aplastic pancytopenia) Pure red cell aplasia Red cell hypoplasia

8 Regenerative Anemia

Blood loss Blood destruction (intravascular or extravascular hemolysis)

9 Classification of and Diagnostic Approach to Polycythemia

Relative polycythemia Absolute polycythemia Clinical findings Diagnostic approach Therapy

10 Introduction to Leukocytes and the Leukogram

Common blood leukocytes: General functions and morphology Reference values: The normal leukogram

11 Neutrophil Production, Trafficking, and Kinetics

Production of granulocytes Maturation and orderly production Neutrophil pools and trafficking Growth factors and regulation of production and blood concentration Neutrophil kinetics

12 Interpretation of Leukocyte Responses in Disease

Terminology of abnormal leukocyte concentration patterns Acquired changes in leukocyte morphology neutrophil toxic change Inherited abnormalities of leukocyte morphology and function Interpretation of leukocyte responses

13 Molecular Diagnostics of Hematologic Malignancies

Clonality Detection of oncogenes Uses of molecular diagnostics in research Flow cytometry Immunocytochemistry and cytochemistry Summary

14 Laboratory Evaluation of Bone Marrow

Technique Cells encountered in bone marrow films Cytochemistry and immunophenotyping Evaluation and interpretation of bone marrow films Stem cell disorders of marrow Neoplastic disorders involving bone marrow other than lymphoproliferative or myelopoliferative disorders

15 Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Myeloid Neoplasms

Overview of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders (leukemia) Myeloid neoplasms Myelodysplastic syndromes Overview of acute myeloid leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms Classification of acute myeloid leukemias Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms Lymphoproliferative disorders

16 Diagnosis of Disorders of Hemostasis

Overview of hemostasis Evaluation of the bleeding patient Commonly encountered disorders of hemostasis Conclusion Appendix 16.1

17 Principles of Blood Transfusion and Crossmatching

Blood groups (blood types) Transfusion therapy Typing blood Crossmatching blood Appendix 17.1

III: Hematology of Common Nondomestic Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, and Amphibians

18 Mammalian Hematology: Laboratory Animals and Miscellaneous Species

Blood collection and handling General hematologic features of small mammals Hematologic features of rodents

19 Hematology of Birds

Collection and handling of blood samples Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes and hemostasis Blood parasites Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic tissues other than bone marrow

20 Hematology of Reptiles

Blood collection and handling Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes and hemostasis Blood parasites Hematopoiesis

21 Hematology of Fish

Blood collection and handling Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes and hemostasis Blood parasites Viral inclusions Hematopoiesis

22 Hematology of Amphibians

Collection and handling of blood Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Blood parasites Hematopoiesis

IV: Clinical Chemistry of Common Domestic Species

23 Laboratory Evaluation and Interpretation of the Urinary System

General Introduction and Case Examples Urine concentration Urinalysis Protein Glucose Ketones Bilirubin Urobilinogen Nitrites Leukocytes Urine specific gravity Microscopic Red blood cells Leukocytes Epithelial cells Bacteria Yeast and fungi Parasites Debris Lipid Casts Crystals in Urine = Crystalluria (see Appendix 23.1 for visual examples) Electrolyte abnormalities Protein abnormalities Other abnormalities Diseases/Syndromes Neoplasms Definitions, glossary, and principles Acknowledgments Appendix 23.1

24 Laboratory Evaluation of Electrolytes

Sodium Chloride Potassium Anion gap Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium

25 Laboratory Evaluation of Acid-Base Disorders

Introduction Technical considerations Physiologic considerations Approach to interpretation of acid-base data More advanced considerations

26 Laboratory Evaluation of the Liver

Liver disease vs liver failure Introduction to enzymology Hepatocyte injury Cholestasis Liver function Patterns of laboratory abnormalities for specific diseases Summary

27 Laboratory Evaluation of the Pancreas and Glucose Metabolism

The exocrine pancreas The endocrine pancreas

28 Laboratory Evaluation of Digestion and Intestinal Absorption

Introduction Maldigestion and malabsorption in dogs and cats Maldigestion and malabsorption in horses Maldigestion and malabsorption in ruminants Screening tests in veterinary practice Tests in a reference laboratory Other laboratory abnormalities associated with digestive system diseases

29 Laboratory Evaluation of Plasma and Serum Proteins

Classification of plasma proteins Measurement of plasma and serum proteins Abnormal protein concentrations Appendix 29.1 Appendix 29.2 Appendix 29.3 Appendix 29.4 Appendix 29.5 Appendix 29.6

30 Laboratory Detection of Muscle Injury

Creatine kinase Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase Cardiac troponins Myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria

31 Laboratory Evaluation of Lipids

Dietary absorption of lipids Lipids present in the blood Measurement of lipids Hyperlipidemias Diabetes mellitus Ketosis and ketoacidosis Hypolipidemias

32 Laboratory Evaluation of the Thyroid, Adrenal, and Pituitary Glands

Clinical endocrinology Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Adrenal gland disorders Pituitary disorders Diabetes insipidus Pituitary dwarfism and acromegaly

33 Parathyroid Glands and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolic Pathology

General introduction Background on relevant laboratory tests Primary parathyroid disorders Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism Hypercalcemia

V: Clinical Chemistry of Common Nondomestic Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, and Amphibians

34 Chemical Chemistry of Mammals: Laboratory Animals and Miscellaneous Species

Sample collection and handling Rodents Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Ferrets (Mustelus putorius furo) Less common small mammal pets

35 Clinical Chemistry of Birds

Sample collection and handling Reference intervals and decision levels Laboratory evaluation of the avian kidney Electrolytes and acid/base balance Calcium Phosphorus Acid-base balance Laboratory evaluation of the avian liver Laboratory evaluation of plasma and serum proteins Laboratory evaluation of glucose metabolism Laboratory detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Laboratory detection of muscle injury Laboratory evaluation of endocrine disorders

36 Clinical Chemistry of Reptiles

Sample collection and handling Laboratory evaluation of reptilian kidneys Electrolytes and acid base Calcium and phosphorus Laboratory evaluation of the reptilian liver Laboratory evaluation of plasma and serum proteins Laboratory evaluation of serum and plasma lipids Laboratory evaluation of glucose metabolism Laboratory detection of muscle injury Laboratory evaluation of endocrine disorders

37 Clinical Chemistry of Fish and Amphibians

Fish Sample collection and handling Laboratory evaluation of the piscine kidney Laboratory evaluation of electrolytes and acid/base balance Calcium Magnesium Acid-base balance Laboratory evaluation of branchial epithelium Ammonia Laboratory evaluation of the piscine liver Laboratory evaluation of endocrine disorders Thyroid Adrenal (interrenal tissue) Amphibians

VI: Clinical Case Presentations

Clinical Case Presentations

Introduction Clinical Case Presentations: Contents Perspective on use of this section List of abbreviations Case 1 Signalment and History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 2 Signalment: History: Physical Examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 3 Signalment and History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 4 Signalment and History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 5 Signalment: History: Physical Examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 6 Signalment and History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 7 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 8 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Abdominal fluid analysis Summary Case 9 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 10 Signalment and history: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 11 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 12 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 13 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 14 Signalment History Physical exam Serum protein electrophoresis tracing Interpretive discussion Summary Case 15 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretative discussion Summary Case 16 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretative discussion Summary Case 17 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 18 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 19 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 20 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 21 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 22 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 23 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 24 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 25 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 26 Signalment: History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 27 Signalment: History: Physical Examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 28 Signalment: History: Physical Examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 29 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 30 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 31 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Hematology: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 32 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary and comment: Uroabdomen Case 33 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 34 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 35 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 36 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 37 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 38 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 39 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 40 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 41 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 42 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Hematology: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 43 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 44 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 45 Signalment: History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 46 Signalment: History: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 47 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 48 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 49 Signalment History Physical Interpretive discussion Summary Case 50 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 51 Signalment: History: Physical Examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 52 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 53 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 54 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 55 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 56 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 57 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 58 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 59 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 60 Signalment History Physical Interpretive discussion Summary Case 61 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 62 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 63 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 64 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 65 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 66 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 67 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 68 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 69 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 70 Signalment History Physical exam Interpretive discussion Summary Case 71 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary Case 72 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary and follow-up Comment Case 73 Signalment History Physical examination Interpretive discussion Summary Case 74 Signalment: History: Physical examination: Interpretive discussion Summary

Index

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