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Index
Cover
Contents
Title
Copyright
Foreword to the Fourth Edition
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Heating, Cooling, and Lighting as Form-Givers in Architecture
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Indigenous and Vernacular Architecture
1.3 Formal Architecture
1.4 The Architectural Approach to Sustainable Design
1.5 Dynamic versus Static Buildings
1.6 Resilient Design
1.7 Biophilic Design
1.8 Color and Ornamentation
1.9 Energy and Architecture
1.10 Climate and Architecture
1.11 Sustainability Codes and Voluntary Programs
1.12 Integrated Design
1.13 Decision Making
1.14 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 1
Chapter 2: Sustainable Design and Energy Sources
2.1 Easter Island: Learning from the Past
2.2 Sustainable Design
2.3 Reuse, Recycle, and Regenerate by Design
2.4 The Sustainability Movement
2.5 Population and Affluence
2.6 Growth
2.7 Exponential Growth
2.8 The Amoeba Analogy
2.9 Supply versus Efficiency
2.10 Sustainable-Design Issues
2.11 Climate Change
2.12 The Global Greenhouse
2.13 The Ozone Hole
2.14 Efficiency versus Renewable Energy
2.15 Energy Sources
2.16 Energy Use in Ancient Greece
2.17 Nonrenewable Energy Sources
2.18 Renewable Energy Sources
2.19 Hydrogen
2.20 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Basic Principles
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Heat
3.3 Sensible Heat
3.4 Latent Heat
3.5 Evaporative Cooling
3.6 Convection
3.7 Transport
3.8 Energy-Transfer Mediums
3.9 Radiation
3.10 Greenhouse Effect
3.11 Equilibrium Temperature of a Surface
3.12 Mean Radiant Temperature
3.13 Heat Flow
3.14 Heat Sink
3.15 Heat Capacity
3.16 Thermal Resistance
3.17 Heat-Flow Coefficient
3.18 Time Lag
3.19 Insulating Effect of Mass
3.20 Energy Conversion
3.21 Combined Heat and Power
3.22 Fuel Cells
3.23 Embodied Energy
3.24 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 3
Chapter 4: Thermal Comfort
4.1 Biological Machine
4.2 Thermal Barriers
4.3 Metabolic Rate
4.4 Thermal Conditions of the Environment
4.5 The Psychrometric Chart
4.6 Dew Point and Wet-Bulb Temperatures
4.7 Heat Content of Air
4.8 Thermal Comfort
4.9 Shifting of the Comfort Zone
4.10 Adaptive Comfort
4.11 Clothing and Comfort
4.12 Strategies
4.13 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 4
Chapter 5: Climate
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Climate
5.3 Microclimate
5.4 Climatic Anomalies
5.5 Climate Regions of the United States and Canada
5.6 Explanations of the Climatic Data Tables
5.7 Relative Heating and Cooling Loads
5.8 Additional Climate Information
5.9 Climate Information for Other Countries
5.10 Design Strategies
Key Ideas of Chapter 5
Chapter 6: Solar Geometry
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Sun
6.3 Elliptical Orbit
6.4 Tilt of the Earth’s Axis
6.5 Consequences of the Altitude Angle
6.6 Winter
6.7 The Sun Revolves Around the Earth!
6.8 The Sky Dome
6.9 Determining Altitude and Azimuth Angles
6.10 Solar Time
6.11 Horizontal Sun-Path Diagrams
6.12 Vertical Sun-Path Diagrams
6.13 Drawing Sunbeams
6.14 Sun-Path Models
6.15 Solar Heat Gain
6.16 Solar Site-Evaluation Tools
6.17 Heliodons
6.18 Sundials for Model Testing
6.19 Conceptually Clear Heliodons
6.20 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 6
Chapter 7: Passive Solar
7.1 History
7.2 Solar in America
7.3 Solar Hemicycle
7.4 Latest Rediscovery of Passive Solar
7.5 Passive Solar
7.6 Direct-Gain Systems
7.7 Design Guidelines for Direct-Gain Systems
7.8 Example
7.9 Trombe Wall Systems
7.10 Design Guidelines for Trombe Wall Systems
7.11 Example
7.12 Sunspaces
7.13 Balcomb House
7.14 Sunspace Design Guidelines
7.15 Comparison of the Three Main Passive Heating Systems
7.16 General Considerations For Passive Solar Systems
7.17 Heat-Storage Materials
7.18 Other Passive Heating Systems
7.19 Maximizing Passive Solar
7.20 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 7
Chapter 8: Photovoltaics and Active Solar
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Almost Ideal Energy Source
8.3 History of PV
8.4 The PV Cell
8.5 Types of PV Systems
8.6 Balance of System Equipment
8.7 Building-Integrated Photovoltaics
8.8 Orientation and Tilt
8.9 Roofs Clad with PV
8.10 Facades Clad with PV
8.11 Glazing and PV
8.12 PV Shading Devices
8.13 PV: Part of the Second Tier
8.14 Sizing a PV System
8.15 Finding the PV Array Size for a Stand-Alone Building by the Short Calculation Method
8.16 Design Guidelines
8.17 The Promise of PV
8.18 The Cost-Effectiveness of PV and Active Solar Applications
8.19 Active Solar Swimming-Pool Heating
8.20 Solar Hot-Water Systems
8.21 Solar Hot-Air Collectors
8.22 Designing an Active Solar System
8.23 Active/Passive Solar Systems
8.24 Preheating of Ventilation Air
8.25 The Future of Active Solar
8.26 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 8
Chapter 9: Shading and Light Colors
9.1 History of Shading
9.2 Shading
9.3 Fixed Exterior Shading Devices
9.4 Movable Shading Devices
9.5 Shading Periods of the Year
9.6 Overhangs
9.7 Design of Horizontal Overhangs—Basic Method
9.8 Shading Design for South Windows
9.9 Design Guidelines for Fixed South Overhangs
9.10 Design Guidelines for Movable South Overhangs
9.11 Shading for East and West Windows
9.12 Design of East and West Horizontal Overhangs
9.13 Design of Fins on North Windows
9.14 Design Guidelines for Eggcrate Shading Devices
9.15 Special Shading Strategies
9.16 Shading Outdoor Spaces
9.17 Using Physical Models for Shading Design
9.18 Glazing as the Shading Element
9.19 Interior Shading Devices
9.20 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
9.21 Roof and Wall Reflectivity
9.22 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 9
Chapter 10: Passive Cooling
10.1 Introduction to Cooling
10.2 Historical and Indigenous Use of Passive Cooling
10.3 Passive Cooling Systems
10.4 Comfort Ventilation versus Night-Flush Cooling
10.5 Basic Principles of Airflow
10.6 Airflow through Buildings
10.7 Example of Ventilation Design
10.8 Comfort Ventilation
10.9 Night-Flush Cooling
10.10 Double-Skin Facades and Operable Roofs
10.11 Radiant Cooling
10.12 Evaporative Cooling
10.13 Cool Towers
10.14 Earth Cooling
10.15 Dehumidification with a Desiccant
10.16 Solar Chimney
10.17 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 10
Chapter 11: Site Design, Community Planning, and Landscaping
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Site Selection
11.3 Solar Access
11.4 Shadow Patterns
11.5 Site Planning
11.6 Solar Zoning
11.7 Physical Models
11.8 Wind and Site Design
11.9 Plants and Vegetation
11.10 Vegetated Roofs
11.11 Lawns
11.12 Landscaping
11.13 Community Design
11.14 Cooling Our Communities
11.15 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 11
Chapter 12: Lighting
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Light
12.3 Reflectance/Transmittance
12.4 Color
12.5 Vision
12.6 Perception
12.7 Performance of a Visual Task
12.8 Characteristics of the Visual Task
12.9 Illumination Level
12.10 Brightness Ratios
12.11 Glare
12.12 Equivalent Spherical Illumination
12.13 Activity Needs
12.14 Biological Needs
12.15 Light and Health
12.16 The Poetry of Light
12.17 Rules for Lighting Design
12.18 Career Possibilities
12.19 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 12
Chapter 13: Daylighting
13.1 History of Daylighting
13.2 Why Daylighting?
13.3 The Nature of Daylight
13.4 Conceptual Model
13.5 Illumination and the Daylight Factor
13.6 Light without Heat?
13.7 Cool Daylight
13.8 Goals of Daylighting
13.9 Basic Daylighting Strategies
13.10 Basic Window Strategies
13.11 Advanced Window Strategies
13.12 Window Glazing Materials
13.13 Top Lighting
13.14 Skylight Strategies
13.15 Clerestories, Monitors, and Light Scoops
13.16 Special Daylighting Techniques
13.17 Translucent Walls and Roofs
13.18 Electric Lighting as a Supplement to Daylighting
13.19 Physical Modeling
13.20 Guidelines for Daylighting
13.21 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 13
Chapter 14: Electric Lighting
14.1 History of Light Sources
14.2 Light Sources
14.3 Incandescent and Halogen Lamps
14.4 Discharge Lamps
14.5 Fluorescent Lamps
14.6 High Intensity Discharge Lamps (Mercury, Metal Halide, and High Pressure Sodium)
14.7 Solid State Lighting
14.8 Comparison of the Major Lighting Sources
14.9 Luminaires
14.10 Lenses, Diffusers, and Baffles
14.11 Lighting Systems
14.12 Remote-Source Lighting Systems
14.13 Visualizing Light Distribution
14.14 Architectural Lighting
14.15 Outdoor Lighting
14.16 Emergency Lighting
14.17 Controls
14.18 Maintenance
14.19 Rules for Energy-Efficient Electric Lighting Design
14.20 Laws and Standards
14.21 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 14
Chapter 15: The Thermal Envelope: Keeping Warm and Staying Cool
15.1 Background
15.2 Heat Loss
15.3 Heat Gain
15.4 Solar Reflectivity (Albedo)
15.5 Compactness, Exposed Area, and Thermal Planning
15.6 Insulation Materials
15.7 The Thermal Envelope
15.8 Heat Bridges
15.9 Windows
15.10 Movable Insulation
15.11 Insulating Effect From Thermal Mass
15.12 Earth Sheltering
15.13 Infiltration and Ventilation
15.14 Moisture Control
15.15 Radon
15.16 Appliances
15.17 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 15
Chapter 16: Mechanical Equipment for Heating and Cooling
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Heating
16.3 Thermal Zones
16.4 Heating Systems
16.5 Electric Heating
16.6 Hot-Water (Hydronic) Heating
16.7 Hot-Air Systems
16.8 Cooling
16.9 Refrigeration Cycles
16.10 Heat Pumps
16.11 Geo-Exchange
16.12 Cooling Systems
16.13 Air-Conditioning for Small Buildings
16.14 Air-Conditioning for Large Multistory Buildings
16.15 Design Guidelines for Mechanical Systems
16.16 Air Supply (Ducts and Diffusers)
16.17 Ventilation
16.18 Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems
16.19 Air Filtration and Odor Removal
16.20 Special Systems
16.21 Integrated and Exposed Mechanical Equipment
16.22 Low Energy Heating and Cooling
16.23 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 16
Chapter 17: Tropical Architecture
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Traditional Tropical Architecture
17.3 The Tropical Climate
17.4 The Solar Geometry of the Tropics
17.5 Shading in Tropical Climates
17.6 Daylighting in the Tropics
17.7 Passive Cooling
17.8 Air-Conditioned Buildings in the Tropics
17.9 Conclusion
Key Ideas of Chapter 17
Chapter 18: Recommended Low Energy Case Studies
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Case Studies
Chapter 19: Checklist for Designing Integrated Sustainable Buildings
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Site Selection
19.3 Form
19.4 Plan
19.5 Windows
19.6 Daylighting
19.7 Shading
19.8 Color
19.9 Thermal Envelope
19.10 Thermal Mass
19.11 Glazing
19.12 Air Barrier
19.13 Passive Systems
19.14 Electric Lighting
19.15 Mechanical Equipment
Appendix A: Horizontal Sun-Path Diagrams
Appendix B: Vertical Sun-Path Diagrams
Appendix C: Solar Altitude and Azimuth Angles
Appendix D: Methods for Estimating the Height of Trees, Buildings, etc.
Appendix E: Sundials
Appendix F: Sun-Path Models
Appendix G: The Water Table for Ventilation Studies
Appendix H: Site Evaluation Tools
Appendix I: Heliodons
Appendix J: Tables of R-Values
Appendix K: Resources
Appendix L: Conversion Factors between the Inch-Pound (I-P) System and the International System of Units (SI)
Bibliography
Index
Supplemental Images
End User License Agreement
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